THE STRONG DRAGON BOAT RACE PRECIPITATION OF GUANGDONG IN 2008 AND QUASI-10-DAY OSCILLATION

Guangdong suffered from the most serious precipitation of its corresponding time during the dragon-boat race of 2008 since 1951.The relationship between the strong dragon-boat precipitation in 2008 and atmospheric low-frequency oscillation was analyzed with the methods of wavelet analysis,correlation and Lanczos filter.Results showed that the daily rainfall exhibits a significant 7 to 12-day quasi-periodic oscillation(namely quasi-10-day oscillation) during the precipitation,the daily 500 hPa height over Guangdong exhibits a significant 8 to 13-day quasi-periodic oscillation,and the daily 850 hPa zonal wind averaged over the north of the South China Sea presents a significant quasi-12-day periodic oscillation.The Guangdong rainfall during the annually first rainy season is most closely correlated with monsoon over the north of South China Sea,and less closely with an upper-level trough at 500 hPa affecting Guangdong.Strong monsoon surges induced two heavy rainfall processes in 2008.The monsoon surges joined with a westward-propagating quasi-10-day oscillation that originated from the central Pacific and was enhanced in a strong convective region east of the Philippines and a northward-propagating monsoon that originated from the southern South China Sea was enhanced.With composite analysis of typical phases,the common evolution characteristics of atmospheric circulation of the two heavy rainfall processes were analyzed for different phases.These features can be used as reference for medium prediction of heavy rainfall processes in Guangdong.     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOUTH CHINA SEA SOUTHWEST MONSOON ANOMALIES AND IMPORTANT WEATHER IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE DURING THE RAINING SEASONS

The activity of South China Sea southwest monsoon (SCSSM) has direct impacts on the anomalies of important weather in Guangdong province during the raining seasons. So it is necessary to explore thoroughly the activity pattern of SCSSM and its relationship with important weather anomalies in the province. In this paper, the methods of composite analysis and correlation statistics are used to study the relationship between the onset date and intensity of SCSSM and the important weather, such as precipitation trends in Guangdong province during the annually first and second raining seasons, the timing of the annually first and last typhoon and the number of typhoons landing in Guangdong province. The results show that the rainfall is less than normal during the first raining season, but more than normal during the second one and there are more tropical cyclones landing in Guangdong province in the years of early SCSSM onset. The rainfall is more than normal during the second raining season and there are more tropical cyclones landing in Guangdong province in the years of strong SCSSM. The relationship between the SST of April - June, July - September and previous winter (December - February) and 500 hPa geopotential height and the onset date and intensity of SCSSM is analyzed. Some mechanisms between the onset dates and intensity of SCSSM and the important weather anomalies in Guangdong province are preliminarily explored. The results can be used for reference in short-term climate forecast.     

南海西南季风异常与广东省汛期重要天气的关系

南海西南季风的活动直接影响广东省前、后汛期重要天气的异常,因此深入探索南海西南季风的活动规律及其与广东省各种重大天气异常的关系十分必要.利用合成分析和相关统计方法,探讨和分析了南海西南季风建立早晚、强弱与广东省前、后汛期降水量趋势,初、终台的早晚及登陆广东省的热带气旋个数等重要天气的关系.指出南海西南季风爆发早的年份,前汛期雨量以正常偏少为主、后汛期雨量以偏多为主、登陆广东热带气旋偏多;南海西南季风偏强的年份,后汛期雨量以偏多为主,登陆广东热带气旋以正常偏多为主.还分析了4～6月、7～9月以及前冬(12～2月)的海温场、500 hPa高度场与西南季风建立早晚、强弱的关系,初步探索了西南季风建立的早晚、强弱与广东省汛期重要天气气候异常的关系的一些机理,其结果可供短期气候业务预测参考.     

热带大气季节内振荡对东亚季风区的影响及不同时间尺度变化研究进展

在引证论述大气ISO对东亚季风区天气气候重要作用的基础上,概括性地回顾大气ISO基本特征及其形成机制的主要成果,重点针对热带大气ISO的季节变化、年际变化甚至年代际变化方面的研究工作进行总结评述.     

南海夏季风爆发日期与海温的多尺度关系及最优子集回归预测

采用小波变换,Lanczos时间滤波器,相关分析研究了南海夏季风爆发日期的多尺度特征及与海温场的关系,并研制了南海夏季风爆发日期的短期气候预测新方法——多尺度最优子集回归预测方法.结果表明,1958-2008年南海夏季风爆发的平均日期为5月18日,标准差约10 d,具有弱的偏早爆发趋势,存在15.4a的年代际变化和5....     

广东6月持续性暴雨期间的大气环流异常

利用1979—2011年共33年广东86个观测站日降水和全球大气多要素日平均资料,分析广东前汛期降水异常(包括暴雨和无雨)的环流特征。结果表明,广东6月持续性暴雨和持续性无雨期间大气存在显著的经向遥相关波列,其中,持续性暴雨过程波列更完整,非持续性暴雨(或非持续性无雨)则波列不显著,而4、5月的持续性暴雨或持续性无雨过程都没有波列出现。在经向波列存在的情况下,对流层中高层大气西风带环流经向度增大、槽脊发展增强,中高纬度这种持续稳定的环流形势,有利于冷空气和高空槽影响华南;在高层200 hPa,华南处于偏西风和西南风异常之间的气流辐散区域,有利于高层辐散;对流层中低层西太平洋副热带高压偏强、西脊点偏西,华南上升、南海下沉的垂直异常经圈环流建立;同时对流层低层来源于印度和孟加拉湾北部以及热带太平洋的水汽输送明显加强,从而为持续性暴雨过程提供有利的环流背景以及暴雨区所需的动力和水汽条件,可见经向波列通过对流层高、中、低层大气环流异常影响持续性暴雨。在没有经向波列的情况下,当500 hPa华南地区有西风槽活动、850 hPa南海北部西风偏强,广东局地动力上升条件和水汽输送条件达到一定程度,则只能出现非持续性暴雨。因此,经向波列可为区分持续暴雨与非持续暴雨预报提供参考。与广东降水持续异常相关的经向波列受中高纬度罗斯贝波、热带对流以及中低纬度太平洋地区大气异常等多方面的共同影响。     

THE DOWNSCALING FORECASTING OF SEASONAL PRECIPITATION IN GUANGDONG BASED ON CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEMS PRODUCTS

The Climate Forecast Systems （CFS） datasets provided by National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP）, which cover the time from 1981 to 2008, can be used to forecast atmospheric circulation nine months ahead. Compared with the NCEP datasets, CFS datasets successfully simulate many major features of the Asian monsoon circulation systems and exhibit reasonably high skill in simulating and predicting ENSO events. Based on the CFS forecasting results, a downscaling method of Optimal Subset Regression （OSR） and mean generational function model of multiple variables are used to forecast seasonal precipitation in Guangdong. After statistical analysis tests, sea level pressure, wind and geopotential height field are made predictors. Although the results are unstable in some individual seasons, both the OSR and multivariate mean generational function model can provide good forecasting as operational tests score more than sixty points. CFS datasets are available and updated in real time, as compared with the NCEP dataset. The downscaling forecast method based on the CFS datasets can predict three seasons of seasonal precipitation in Guangdong, enriching traditional statistical methods. However, its forecasting stability needs to be improved.     

不同时间尺度上南海夏季风强度与海洋热力条件的关系

用NCAR/NCEP1958—1997年共40年资料对南海夏季风撤退的气候特征进行了分析。8月上旬西伯利亚冷空气开始南进，由于青藏高原的阻挡作用，在我国东部大陆推进得很快，到达南海后继续向南推进，最后导致9月中旬左右南海夏季风从南海撤退。就个别年份而言，最早的撤退时间是8月中，最晚的是10月中，可以差两个月。南海夏季风撤退与建立过程是很不相同的，南海夏季风和夏季风雨带的建立都是爆发性的，在全区域几乎是同时建立，但撤退是由北向南缓慢撤退的，历时一个月左右。在撤退期间，南海降水形势变化不大，但在撤退之后，南海夏季风雨季转变为ITCZ雨季，其相应和雨区随着太阳南移向南推进。南海夏季风撤退后，南海降水30—60天振荡明显减弱，而准两周振荡仍比较活跃。     

2008年广东强龙舟水与准10天振荡

采用小波分析、相关分析、Lanczos时间滤波器等方法分析了2008年广东强龙舟水与大气低频振荡的关系.结果表明,强龙舟水期间广东逐日降水存在显著的准7～12天周期振荡即准10天振荡,广东上空的逐日500 hPa高度场存在显著的8～13天周期振荡、南海北部平均的逐日850 hPa纬向风场存在显著的准12天周期振荡.广东...     

有限时间排放的污染扩散模式及污染特征

利用烟团模式的思想,建立起有限时间排放的污染扩散模式。验证了在排放时间极短时,该瞬时点泊扩散的解析解完全一致;在排放时间充分长时,和连续点源的烟羽扩散模式有非常好的一致性,有限时间放污染的特征,是随着事故发生、排放开始,地面污染浓度有一个很快的积累过程,从近源处开始浓度达到一种动态平衡;事故结束时,由于大气“净化”能力,污染慢慢减轻,直到最后“消失”