Geochemistry of Late Cretaceous （ 60 - 67 Ma） igneous activities in the Hebrides Terrace seamount （guyot） area, Scotland

Tholeiitic basalts in various stages of alteration were dredged from Late Cretaceous volcanic rocks (60 -67 Ma) in the Hebrides Terrace seamount area in the Atlantic Ocean. These rocks are extrusive olivine basalts, including high- and low-Al basalts. High-Al basalts are depleted in MgO, CaO, Cr,Sc, V, St, Zr and enriched in TiO2, Na2O, Nb, Rb as compared with low-A1 basalts. Petrography and bulk-rock composition (major, trace and rare-earth elements) data defined clear tholeiitic suites displaying possible liquid lines of descent related to different degrees of crystal fractionation and partial melting.Isotopic dating of dredged samples gave the guyot an age of 60 - 67 Ma, in support of the assumption that it was formed during the Late Cretaceous.     

Quantitative morphometric analysis of the Jama River profile in a tectonically active margin (Northwestern Ecuador)

The longitudinal profile of a river channel can be described in function of mathematical expressions. The logarithmic fit is the most used method to describe the relative equilibrium of a channel elevation profile. Rivers showing zones of high channel gradient and convex-upward profiles can be evaluated in function of the offset distance with respect to the logarithmic curve. The Jama River profile has been constructed using differential GPS data for the downstream reach and 4-m-grid DEM data base for the remaining headward profile. The resulting longitudinal profile shows a prominent knickpoint of about 80 m in elevation characterized by sharp local convexity. The offset distance in vertical direction from the logarithmic plot is interpreted as the successive accumulation of multiple uplift episodes associated with the Jama Fault System activity. The horizontal offset is suggested to represent the remaining retreated distance for the upstream propagation of the Jama knickpoint. The highly resistant Cretaceous rocks outcropping along the Jama knickpoint reach acts as an inflection point between two subprofiles that show well-fitted logarithmic curves, thereby representing a temporary partitioned equilibrium along the Jama River profile.     

ERA-Interim和GHCN-CAM再分析气温数据在天山山区的适应性分析

天山山区是新疆主要河流的发源地,对该区域再分析气温数据进行适应性分析具有重要的研究意义,气温观测数据由于受到太阳辐射、海拔、大气环流和传感器角度等因素的影响,导致诸多误差;在其应用之前需要验证,尤其在海拔差异较大的天山山区。为验证ERA-Interim和GHCN-CAM两种再分析气温数据在天山山区的适应性,本文在数据预处理的基础上,利用45个气象站点日平均气温数据分别计算偏差(BIAS)、相关系数(R)、均方根误差(RMSE)等统计指标,并从不同海拔、偏差的空间分布上对天山山区1984—2016年ERA-Interim和GHCN-CAM逐月平均气温数据进行了适应性分析。结果表明:(1) GHCN-CAM(R=0. 94; BIAS=0. 55℃; RMSE=4. 08℃)气温值在天山山区的适应性强于ERA(R=0. 95; BIAS=2. 35℃; RMSE=4. 21℃)。(2)在气温的年内变化上,两种再分析数据值均低于观测值,表现为低估。(3)在季节尺度上,冬季(12月、1月和2月)表现为冷偏差,其他季节暖偏差。春秋两季模拟精度比夏冬两季高。(4)在1500～2000 m地区气温的模拟最好。从偏差的空间分布来看,天山中部、东部的再分析数据比天山南、北部能更好的反映气温的空间分布特征。山区地形复杂度和气象站点的不均匀是影响再分析数据精度的主要因素。     

Skilful Forecasts of Summer Rainfall in the Yangtze River Basin from November

Variability in the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) brings the risk of heavy flooding or drought to the Yangtze River basin, with potentially devastating impacts. Early forecasts of the likelihood of enhanced or reduced monsoon rainfall can enable better management of water and hydropower resources by decision-makers, supporting livelihoods and major economic and population centres across eastern China. This paper demonstrates that the EASM is predictable in a dynamical forecast model from the pr...     

新疆西南部一次局地对流性暴雨成因分析

利用常规地面和探空气象资料、NCEP逐6h1°×1°的再分析资料和(CINRAD-CC)多普勒雷达探测资料,对2012年7月19日新疆阿图什罕见的短时对流性暴雨形成原因进行了诊断分析。结果表明:此次天气是在南疆低涡有利的环流背景下、低层中尺度低涡促进上升运动及触发不稳定能量释放产生的;冷空气的入侵是造成对流扰动发展的重要原因,同时地面小尺度系统对触发不稳定能量释放也有一定的作用;涡散场的配置、垂直速度、低层偏东急流和强不稳定能量满足了对流发生的基本条件,而较强的垂直风切变则使风暴明显增强;从喀什探空订正图来看,修正后的探空资料中各要素对开展强对流潜势预报有很好的指示意义,有待进一步总结验证;对多普勒雷达资料的分析表明,此次强降水具有强回波、强的垂直风切变、大的垂直液态水含量和较高回波顶高等,与强对流天气的发生发展及落区有较好的对应关系。     

天山哈密榆树沟流域夏季洪水期河水水化学特征及其成因

利用2013年7-8月在哈密榆树沟水文站采集的河水样品,对主要的化学离子、p H值、电导率EC、总可溶性固体TDS进行了系统的分析,阐明了研究区离子的来源及成因.分析结果表明:榆树沟流域夏洪期径流水体呈弱碱性;HCO_3~-、Ca~(2+)分别为最主要的阴、阳离子,Ca~(2+)质量浓度占阳离子总数的69.45%,HCO_3~-质量浓度占阴离子总数的84.18%;水化学类型为HCO_3~--Ca~(2+);径流中所含的水化学物质一定程度上受水量的稀释作用控制;通过Gibbs图、阴阳离子三角图示法以及主要离子比值法的综合分析得出,水化学离子主要来源于H_2CO_3风化碳酸盐岩,同时还伴有少量的H_2SO_4风化碳酸盐岩,岩石风化主要以方解石矿物的溶解作用为主.     

Map of Mafic Dyke Swarms and Related Units of Russia and Adjacent Regions

正Work is currently underway to produce a map in Arc GISTM 10 of the mafic dyke swarms and related units(volcanics,sills and layered intrusions)of Russia and adjacent regions at a scale of 1:5,000,000.Over the past     

Giant Circumferential Dyke Swarms on Earth: Possible Analogues of Coronae on Venus and Similar Features on Mars

正Venusian coronae are large(60-2600 km diameter)tectono-magmatic features characterized by quasi-circular graben-fissure systems and topographic features such as a central dome,central depression,circular rim or circular