新疆地球物理站网运维管理的思考与对策

随着中国地震系统机构改革和“十四五”规划持续推进,新疆维吾尔自治区地震局地震科学仪器布局更加密集,数字化、现代化不断更新换代。作为基层的中心站需要维护的仪器种类和数量越来越多,仪器管理和维护保障的技术要求和运维压力日益增大。地球物理站网作为观测与研究地壳运动与变形过程,识别强震孕育阶段和探索强震预测的前沿阵地,其仪器运行的优劣会直接影响产出的数据质量,进而影响到数据分析结果。因此,本文针对当前新疆地球物理观测中心运维保障室与地震监测中心站对于地球物理站网管理维护现状和存在的问题,通过文献分析法和访谈法进行梳理分析,提出做好运维保障室与中心站协调工作,提高仪器运维效率的几点浅见,为运维室、中心站负责运维工作的同事提供参考。     

面向水流三维登记探索的多波束点云去噪及应用

针对多波束点云数据去噪难以保留精细特征,无法精确“锁定”河床形态问题,本文提出了一种面向自然资源确权水流三维登记探索的多波束点云去噪算法。以KD树搜索为基础,引入统计滤波理论进行多尺度噪声分类,并剔除大尺度噪声;针对小尺度噪声,在信息熵理论基础上,以主成分分析算法为基础,以信息熵最小原则确定最优邻域,并据此构建曲率信息熵对双边滤波因子进行优化改进,以实现水下地形点云去噪与精细特征保留的目的。试验结果表明,本文算法具有可行性,能够有效保证水下地形的精细特征,并能够应用于自然资源水流三维登记。     

Improvements in Climate Simulation with Modifications to the Tiedtke Convective Parameterization in the Grid-Point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG （GAMIL）

The grid-point atmospheric model of IAP LASG （GAMIL） was developed in and has been evaluated since early 2004. Although the model shows its ability in simulating the global climate, it suffers from some problems in simulating precipitation in the tropics. These biases seem to result mainly from the treatment of the subgrid scale convection, which is parameterized with Tiedtke＇s massflux scheme （or the Zhang-McFarlane scheme, as an option） in the model. In order to reduce the systematic biases, several modifications were made to the Tiedtke scheme used in GAMIL, including （1） an increase in lateral convective entrainment/detrainment rate for shallow convection, （2） inclusion of a relative humidity threshold for the triggering of deep convection, and （3） a reduced efficiency for the conversion of cloud water to rainwater in the convection scheme.
Two experiments, one with the original Tiedtke scheme used in GAMIL and the other with the modified scheme, were conducted to evaluate the performance of the modified scheme in this study. The results show that both the climatological mean state, such as precipitation, temperature and specific humidity, and interannual variability in the model simulation are improved with the use of this modified scheme. Results from several additional experiments show that the improvements in the model performance in different regions mainly result from either the introduction of the relative humidity threshold for triggering of the deep convection or the suppressed shallow convection due to enhanced lateral convective entrainment/detrainment rates.     

Improvements of a dynamic global vegetation model and simulations of carbon and water at an upland-oak forest

The interest in the development and improvement of dynamic global vegetation models （DGVMs）, which have the potential to simulate fluxes of carbon, water and nitrogen, along with changes in the vegetation dynamics, within an integrated system, has been increasing. In this paper, some numerical schemes and a higher resolution soil texture dataset were employed to improve the Sheffield Dynamic Global Vegetation Model （SDGVM）. Using eddy covariance-based measurements, we then tested the standard version of the SDGVM and the modified version of the SDGVM. Detailed observations of daily carbon and water fluxes made at the upland oak forest on the Walker Branch Watershed in Tennessee, USA offered a unique opportunity for these comparisons. The results revealed that the modified version of the SDGVM did a reasonable job of simulating the carbon and water flux and the variation of soil water content （SWC）. However, at the end of the growing season, it failed to simulate the effect of the limitations on the soil respiration dynamics and as a result underestimated this respiration. It was also noted that the modified version overestimated the increase in the SWC following summer rainfall, which was attributed to an inadequate representation of the ground water and thermal cycle.     

顾及InSAR形变特征的斜坡灾害隐患早期识别遥感方法

广东省2020年在册地质灾害隐患点4744处，威胁24.95万人，但近年发生多起重大地质灾害并不在已发现的隐患点库内，全面识别排查潜在隐患仍是当前和今后一段时期防灾减灾重要任务之一。合成孔径雷达干涉测量区域范围大、形变反演灵敏度高，可以弥补传统地面调查及光学遥感技术不足。研究以广州黄埔区为例，采用2019年1月至2022年4月Sentinel-1A长时序雷达数据，综合利用SBAS-InSAR时序形变信息结合地形级实景三维模型解译风险斜坡，识别出研究区崩滑流斜坡变形潜在隐患风险84处，抽取15%比例开展外业调查5处具有显著形变的滑坡崩塌风险，证明该方法具有可行性，并对综合遥感识别地质灾害提出建议。     

基于虚拟参考站的GNSS滑坡地质灾害监测分析

针对全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)技术在滑坡监测中参考站架设选址难、建设成本高、基准不稳定等问题，使用基于虚拟参考站(VRS)的滑坡地质灾害监测方法，利用卫星导航定位连续运行参考站(CORS)在监测区生成虚拟参考站数据，代替物理参考站进行滑坡监测.实验分析不同解算策略下的虚拟参考站监测精度，并将粗差剔除后的结果与传统GNSS监测进行对比.结果表明：VRS 2 h监测精度平面可达5 mm，高程可达25 mm，所反映滑坡位移趋势与传统GNSS监测一致.     

2020与2005珠峰测量与高程确定异同

为了分析2020与2005珠峰高程测量与确定过程中的异同，该文从GNSS数据处理、高程控制网数据处理、峰顶交会数据处理、峰顶大地水准面差距计算4个方面对其进行了异同比较分析，阐述了2020珠峰高程测量的技术进步与创新。分析表明，2020珠峰高程测量从测量装备的国产化、测量手段和数据的丰富性，数据处理的高精度等多个方面，较2005年都有长足的进步。同时，中尼合作开展数据处理，共同确定了基于国际高程参考系统(international height reference system, IHRS)的珠峰正高。     

地质领域文本实体关系联合抽取方法

地质领域实体关系抽取是构建地质知识图谱的基础，对地质领域文本信息抽取与知识库构建具有重要的作用。针对地质领域实体关系复杂、缺少人工标注语料库等特点，提出了面向地质领域实体关系联合抽取模型，着重对多地质文本中存在的复杂重叠关系进行识别，避免传统流水线模型中由于实体识别错误造成级联误差。文章构建了高质量地质领域实体关系语料库，提出了基于预训练语言模型BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)和双向门控循环单元BiGRU(Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units)与条件随机场CRF(Conditional Random Field)的序列标注模型，实现对实体关系的联合抽取。在构建数据集上进行了实验，结果表明，本文提出的联合抽取模型在实体关系抽取上的F1值达到0.671，验证了本文模型在地质实体关系抽取的有效性。     

高反照率城市建筑对城市高温及人体健康的影响北大核心

采用WRFv3.9.1模式和多层城市冠层模型的BEP/BEM方案耦合,以江苏省2017年7月20—28日一次高温热浪过程为背景,研究了高反照率墙面、路面及屋顶对城市高温及人体健康的影响。研究结果表明:(1)与普通建筑物表面算例(CTR)相比,城市中建筑物越高大密集的区域,降温幅度越明显。金融区白天时段(07—19时,北京时间)高反照率墙面算例(WALL)、高反照率路面算例(ROAD)、高反照率屋顶算例(ROOF),以及全部使用高反照率表面的算例(ALL)2 m高气温白天平均降低0.14、0.44、0.75、1.54℃;最大降温分别达0.98、1.06、1.53、2.71℃。同时,WALL、ROAD、ROOF、ALL算例可使得整个城市区域白天平均降温分别达到0.14、0.43、0.64、1.26℃。(2)当城市采用高反照率表面材料,高温得到一定程度缓解时,对于人体舒适度及死亡率也存在一定的影响。在高温热浪期间相较于CTR算例,13时,ALL算例在低密度住宅区、高密度住宅区、金融区的人体舒适度(THI)最大分别可降低0.93、1.11、1.48;热相关急诊率和死亡率最大可降低2.9%、4.8%、9.5%和3.4%、5.6%、10.9%。