Analysis of injection-induced failure for DuPont test 1#, Dongying, Shandong Province

From December 3, 2005 to May 18, 2006, a water injection-induced seismicity test was conducted on DuPont test well 1# for about six months by China Earthquake Administration. To the vertical injected well, 11 water injection processes were conducted on four depth intervals, including middle Shahejie3, the top of the upper Shahejie3, the bottom of the upper Shahejie3 and Shahejie2, with the vertical span from 1 464 m to 3 034 m. Monitoring stations has been run throughout the procedure. From the recorded data, there were 5 090 events being picked out manually, 274 events located. It indicates that the energy of seismic signal is very small, and the largest magnitude is no more than ML0.5. And also, the major energy is centered on the vertical component, while amplitude of the other hori-zontal components is very small. From the start of water injection, the number of seismic events varied with time. And the event was most frequent in the period of upper Shahejie3 injection. The distribution of events extended from the injected well to the outside with time, and the direction of events distribution rotated in different injected interval. Of which, in the low permeability interval, events trend close to the direction of principal compressive stress direction; while in higher permeability interval, they trend close to the predominant seepage direction.     

华北地区跨断层流动形变布测状况初步分析

在搜集华北地区(北京、天津、河北、山西、河南、山东、江苏、安徽以及辽宁地区)跨断层流动形变监测场地布测状况和该区地质构造研究成果的基础上,分析华北地区跨断层流动形变监测场地的布测时间及监测周期、监测场地所跨断裂特征、监测场地分布区域以及监测类型及测桩类型等。结果表明,华北地区跨断层流动形变各监测单位布测状况差异较大,存在布测时间及监测周期不统一、空间上存在监测盲区、跨断裂活动年代符合规范要求较低、绝大部分监测场地只有水准监测等问题。     

2007年宁洱6.4级地震发震构造分析

在论述发震构造背景的基础上,利用GIS综合分析了宁洱震区的构造、烈度等震线、地震序列、地表形变带、强震动、震源机制、重要宏观异常等发震构造标志。结果表明,NW向普洱断裂是宁洱6.4级地震的主要发震构造,部分余震可能与NE向孟连—墨江断裂活动有关。     

青藏高原东北部基底卷入型褶皱的形成机制探讨

青藏高原东北部小峡背斜是一个新生代发展起来的基底卷入型背斜.研究表明背斜的形成经历了三次重要变形,新生代早期由于印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞(约49～29Ma),造成了西宁盆地顺时针旋转,在此变形中,背斜基底早期发育的北西向断层以及新生断层开始右行斜滑,造成了小峡地区盖层轴向北西向褶皱的形成,基底与盖层的变形类似Trish...     

吕梁山——华北克拉通中部中生代基底卷入褶皱系统

位于华北克拉通中部的吕梁山的形成代表了华北克拉通在晚侏罗世-早白垩世的挤压变形事件,为了更好地理解该期变形的样式、时代、机制和背景,对吕梁山地区开展了详细的野外调查,同时搜集了前人的低温热年代学工作.结果表明,吕梁山是一个中生代期间形成的发育有典型单褶（monocline）构造的陆内基底卷入型大型褶皱系统.早前寒武纪造山作用在基底中形成早期面理（片麻理、片理、劈理以及节理）,这些面理在后期近东西向挤压作用下再次活动形成了基底断裂,并导致了上覆沉积地层褶皱变形,吕梁山不同地区褶皱的古应力场方向总体为SE（122°）~NW（302°）.吕梁山单褶构造的构造样式、形成机制以及分布,与北美西部的Laramide造山带中的厚皮构造相似,形成的构造环境也类似.吕梁山褶皱及其单褶构造总体形成于晚侏罗世期间古太平洋板块向西低角度俯冲的环境中,该期俯冲也导致了华北克拉通同期陆内挤压变形.      

岩石圈根拖曳作用在青藏高原西部和东部造山中的比较研究

根据地球物理探测资料,基于二维模型,利用黏弹性有限元方法,研究青藏高原西、东剖面的地壳均衡和岩石圈根拖曳的构造应力机制.数值模拟结果表明,青藏高原西部（B B′剖面）的造山水平挤压力主要来源于岩石圈根的向下拖曳,印度板块向北挤压为次要因素,形成“山隆盆降”的地表形态;而青藏高原东部（A A’剖面）岩石圈根向下拖曳还不足以形成硬上地壳中挤压造山的主要力源.对比结果认为,青藏高原的深部层圈结构和应力体系在西、东部存在明显的差异,反映了高原内部造山演化的西、东分异特征.     

基于孢粉组合研究古气候变化特征——以秦皇岛市为例

第四纪地史中,冰川的消长与气候的变化会对植物界产生深刻的影响,因此可以利用研究孢粉的手段来恢复此前的古气候。本文通过对秦皇岛市控制性标准孔的孢粉组合分析,划分出三个孢粉带,六个孢粉亚带孢粉组合,其中孢粉带Ⅰ、Ⅱ了反映了更新世晚期的寒冷干燥的气候特点,孢粉带III反映了全新世中晚期的气候特点。同时通过与深海氧同位素及南极冰芯的对比研究,秦皇岛市植被类型与古气候受冰期-间冰期的影响显著。     

Structural analysis and interpretation of the surface deformation associated with the Ning’er,Yunnan Province,China <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>S</Subscript>6.4 earthquake of June 3, 2007

The seismogenic fault and the dynamic mechanism of the Ning’er, Yunnan Province M_S6.4 earthquake of June 3, 2007 are studied on the basis of the observation data of the surface fissures, sand blow and water eruption, landslide and collapse associated with the earthquake, incorporating with the data of geologic structures, focal mechanism solutions and aftershock distribution for the earthquake area. The observation of the surface fissures reveals that the Banhai segment of the NW-trending Ning’er fault is dominated by right-lateral strike-slip, while the NNE-trending fault is dominated by left-lateral strike-slip. The seismo-geologic hazards are concentrated mainly within a 330°-extending zone of 13.5 km in length and 4 km in width. The major axis of the isoseismal is also oriented in 330° direction, and the major axis of the seismic intensity VIII area is 13.5 km long. The focal mechanism solutions indicate that the NW-trending nodal plane of the Ning’er M_S6.4 earthquake is dominated by right-lateral slip, while the NE-trending nodal plane is dominated by left-lateral slip. The preferred distribution orientation of the aftershocks of M_S≥2 is 330°, and the focal depths are within the range of 3～12 km, predominantly within 3～10 km. The distribution of the aftershocks is consistent with the distribution zone of the seismo-geologic hazards. All the above-mentioned data indicate that the Banhai segment of the Ning’er fault is the seismogenic fault of this earthquake. Moreover, the driving force of the Ning’er earthquake is discussed in the light of the active block theory. It is believed that the northward pushing of the Indian plate has caused the eastward slipping of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which has been transformed into the southeastern-southernward squeezing of the southwest Yunnan region. As a result, the NW-trending faults in the vicinity of the Ning’er area are dominated by right-lateral strike-slip, while the NE-trending faults are dominated by left-lateral strike-slip. This tectonic framework might be the main cause of the frequent occurrence of M_S6.0～6.9 earthquakes in the area.     

阿拉善地块东缘新生代中新世挤压变形及动力学背景

在阿拉善地块东缘发现新生代中新世挤压构造,形成近SN或NE-SW走向的逆冲断层及卷入新生代地层的褶皱.其形成背景关系到阿拉善地块新生代的变形特征以及与青藏高原扩展的关系.为了进一步探讨阿拉善地块东缘的挤压构造是否受青藏高原扩展控制,为青藏高原北缘新生代扩展过程的研究提供资料,通过详细地质填图、区域地质调查与对比方法,确定了这些挤压构造的几何样式以及运动学特征,结合断层滑动矢量,恢复出变形时的古应力场.室内外的分析表明,形成这些挤压构造的最大主应力方位为NW-SE或近EW向,结合盆地地震反射资料、卷入构造的地层,推测变形的时代是中新世中晚期.这期变形的动力可能是阿拉善地块受到青藏高原北缘的挤压向东运动所致.同时在阿拉善地块向东运动的过程中,其内部发育的早期东西向构造带发生右行走滑,和阿拉善东缘的挤压构造一同调节地块的变形.晚中新世之后,高原东北缘最大主应力方位发生顺时针旋转,阿拉善东缘挤压构造被后期构造叠加.