高速公路采空区变形监测的应用效果分析

研究了高速公路采空区的变形监测工作,分析了其应用效果,实现了对采空区进行变形监测的目的。     

水中氢氧同位素不同分析方法的对比

采用在线的连续流Gasbench Ⅱ-IRMS和离线的Dual-inlet IRMS分析方法分析水样中氢氧同位素组成.对比两种分析系统结果表明,运用离线的Dual-inlet IRMS测定氢同位素,精密度均小于1‰,比在线的连续流Gasbench Ⅱ-IRMS重现性和精度好;运用离线的Dual-inlet IRMS和在...     

Detection of 36 antibiotics in coastal waters using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Among pharmaceuticals and personal care products released into the aquatic environment, antibiotics are of particular concern, because of their ubiquity and health effects. Although scientists have recently paid more attention to the threat of antibiotics to coastal ecosystems, researchers have often focused on relatively few antibiotics, because of the absence of suitable analytical methods. We have therefore developed a method for the rapid detection of 36 antibiotic residues in coastal waters, including tetracyclines (TCs), sulfanilamides (SAs), and quinolones (QLs). The method consists of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. The SPE was performed with Oasis HLB and Oasis MCX cartridges. Chromatographic separation on a C18 column was achieved using a binary eluent containing methanol and water with 0.1% formic acid. Typical recoveries of the analytes ranged from 67.4% to 109.3% at a fortification level of 100 ng/L. The precision of the method, calculated as relative standard deviation (RSD), was below 14.6% for all the compounds. The limits of detection (LODs) varied from 0.45 pg to 7.97 pg. The method was applied to determine the target analytes in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea in Liaoning, China. Among the tested antibiotics, 31 were found in coastal waters, with their concentrations between the LOD and 212.5 ng/L. These data indicate that this method is valid for analysis of antibiotics in coastal waters. The study first reports such a large number of antibiotics along the Yellow Sea coast of Liaoning, and should facilitate future comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics in coastal ecosystems.     

2015年初北极极端气旋对中国寒潮的影响

从北大西洋中高纬度进入北极的极端气旋会引起北极异常增暖,与中高纬度极端天气事件关系密切,危害极大。利用ERA-Interim再分析资料和中国地面气象站观测资料,探讨了2015年1—2月两个极端气旋（C1,C2）影响中国天气的物理过程和机制。结果表明:当极端气旋生成并北移,附近大气低层和高层均出现异常增暖,中高纬度大气环流表现为乌拉尔阻塞形势形成,极涡断裂,低压槽加深南压,我国发生寒潮天气;且极端气旋伴随的异常增暖加强Rossby波能量频散,使中高纬度的槽和脊发展。对比发现,C1和C2的生成地和路径均存在差异,相比于C2,C1生成纬度较高且路径偏东,对应低温寒潮天气范围更大,但强度比C2略弱。这些结果均表明,极端气旋的生成和移动是中国寒潮天气发生的重要原因之一。     

京津文霸地区重力复测成果的地形变地下水校正

本文介绍了对北京、天津、文安、霸县地区1980～1988年的重力复测成果所进行的地形变地下水的校正。分析认为:近几年天津点的重力值增大主要是因地面沉降造成的;经综合校正后,天津点的重力异常可基本排除,而任丘-保唐-沧州-带仍存在+80～100×10~(-8)m/s~2左右的趋势性异常。     

沙漠光谱测量及其分析

新疆沙漠面积40.4万平方公里,占全国沙漠面积的63%,占新疆总面积的25%。研究沙漠的反射光谱特性对确定其遥感仪器的最佳工作波段,建立相应的遥感图象的判读标志是必要的,对于编制沙漠类型图,研究沙漠成因和沙丘移动规律、监测沙漠化防治效果都具有重要     

基于第一次全国地理国情普查的延安市生态环境质量评价研究

现以第一次全国地理国情普查数据为基础,采用"压力-状态-响应"模型,结合延安市特点,确定了延安市生态环境质量评价指标,并进行了指标等级划分,应用层次分析法确定各个指标权重,建立了延安市生态环境质量评价体系,对延安市2015年生态环境质量进行了评价,为研究区域生态环境保护提供了科学依据。     

水中挥发性有机物分析的影响因素和常见问题解决办法

应用吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中挥发性有机物,多种因素影响着定量分析的准确性,包括样品瓶的清洗及标准配制、样品和标准溶液的保存、载气气源的纯度、仪器状态检查及参数选择、分离度及积分方式。本文提出在分析过程中样品瓶必须清洗干净,以免污染样品;样品和标准溶液的保存时间过长会降低目标物的回收率;载气和吹扫气会带入杂质;分离度的大小将影响峰高和峰面积测量的准确度。针对分析中氯乙烯的回收、二氯甲烷的交叉污染、浑浊样品的处理等常见问题提供了解决方案,推荐采用选择扫描方式进行分析,并根据样品基体的情况来选择定量离子,将分析的初始温度降至40℃以下并保持2~3 min,以保证氯乙烯的回收率;实验室保持良好的通风环境,避免二氯甲烷交叉污染;色谱柱的最高温度升至220℃以上并保持2~3 min,可以排除萘及分子烷烃的干扰,保证分析的连续性;对于浑浊样品,推荐在野外取样时进行在线过滤或直接采用静态顶空方式进行测定。     

四川盆地西部一次大暴雨过程的中尺度特征分析

利用常规观测资料、地面加密观测资料、逐时云顶亮温TBB资料和1°×1°NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2010年7月24-25日四川盆地暴雨天气过程中尺度对流系统发生、发展的物理量特征和动力机制进行了分析.结果表明:(1)此次四川盆地西部区域性暴雨天气过程是由中-β尺度云团合并、加强所生成的中-α尺度对流系统造成的.(2)散度、涡度、垂直速度和相当位温的分布与对流系统的发生、发展较一致,特别是在中-α尺度对流系统强烈发展阶段有很好的对应关系,为中-a尺度对流系统的发生、发展提供了有利的动力和热力条件.(3)大气非平衡强迫对发生在四川盆地西部的区域性暴雨有较好的指示意义,是激发暴雨天气的动力机制.(4)暴雨发生期间降水造成的非绝热加热有利于强降水天气的维持.     

Studies on culture condition and extracellular hydrolase of psychrophilic bacteria from Arctic sea ice

Arctic sea ice in the polar region provides a cold habitat for microbial community.Arctic sea ice microorganisms are revealed to be of considerable impor- tance in basic research and potential in biotechnological application.This paper in- vestigated the culture condition and extracellular hydrolase of 14 strains of different Arctic sea ice bacteria.The results showed that optimal growth temperature of strains is 15℃or 20℃.The optimal pH is about 8.0.They hardly grow at acid condition. 3% NaCl is necessary for better growth.These strains have different abilities in pro- ducing amylase,protcase,cellulase and lipase.Pseudoalteronomas sp.Bsi429 and Pseudoalteronomas sp.Bsi539 produced both cellulose,protease and lipase.These results provide a basis for further developing and exploiting the cold adapted marine enzyme resources.