金沙江-红河成矿带斑岩铜钼矿的成矿集中期: Re-Os同位素定年

利用Re-Os同位素定年方法对云南境内金沙江-红河成矿带中的斑岩铜矿进行了年代学研究, 获得了马厂箐(33.9±1.1)Ma和铜厂(34.4±0.5)Ma的新数据. 表明马厂箐和铜厂两个矿区的斑岩型铜钼矿是基本同时形成的. 结合前人获得的西藏玉龙铜矿(与马厂箐和铜厂位于同一成矿带)的辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄(35.4, 35.9, 36.2 Ma), 可以认为, 金沙江-红河成矿带中近于等间距分布的3个新生代斑岩铜矿是基本同时形成的, 均属始新世后期同一成矿集中期的产物.     

胶东金青顶和邓格庄金矿床的稀土元素地球化学特征及其对成矿热液来源...

研究了金矿床矿物黄铁矿、石英、方解石、围岩黑云母二长花岗岩、钾长石化花岗岩、绢英岩和长英质伟晶岩等的稀土元素地球化学特征，这些特征指示成矿热液有两种来源：一种为深部交代流体，另一种为岩浆热液。     

~(40)/Ar~(39)Ar Ages of Auriferous Quartz Veins from the Fengyang and Zhangbaling Regions and Their Geological Significance

1IntroductionAuriferousquartzveinsarecommonintheFengyangandZhangbalingregionsofAnhuiProvinceandtheyconstitutetheRongdu ,Zhuding ,Dagongshan ,MaoshanandShangchenggolddepositsandalotofgoldperspectives .TheRb SrisochronagesofalterationmineralsfromtheRongduandDagongshangolddepositsare (10 9.0± 4 .4 )Maand (15 3.76± 11.2 )Ma ,respectively (Dongetal .,1995 ) .Thereisalargedifferenceinagebetweenthetwogolddeposits ,butitcanbeseenthatthegolddepositswereformedinLateJurassictoEarlyCretaceous .A…     

论胶西北河西金矿床成因及其动力学条件

胶东河西金矿床属于典型的蚀变岩型金矿床.金矿体赋存于玲珑黑云母花岗岩体内,并受北东向断裂构造带所控制.87Sr/86Sr的初始比值表明,玲珑黑云母花岗岩和郭家岭花岗闪长岩均为壳源深熔花岗岩.地质和同位素年代学资料表明,金成矿作用发生在早白垩世.据硫、氧同位素组成判断,河西金矿床的成矿作用可能与郭家岭花岗闪长岩的流体活动有关,其成矿温度以中温为主,成矿压力为(1*!200～1*!400)×105 Pa.河西金矿床的花岗岩、蚀变岩和矿石的稀土与微量元素分布模式明显相似,说明它们有着共同的成因,与壳熔花岗岩岩浆作用有关.     

内生金矿床的成因：基本模式

金矿床以具有仅限于某一类金矿床的典型矿物组合（金－黄铁矿－毒砂；金－多金属－硫化物；金－碲化物；金－辉锑矿；金－辰砂）之一为特征。特征的矿物组合主要受沉淀环境的ＰＨ值和温度变化的控制。具有前３种矿物组合的金矿物的金矿床起源于花岗岩类或岩浆体系有关的流体，具有后２种矿物组合的金矿床起源于壳下非岩浆流体。     

浅成低温热液多矿床的全球背景

浅成低温热液金矿床发为冰长石－绢云母型和明矾石－高岭石型两类,主要分布于环太平洋地区,地中海－喜马拉雅带和蒙古－鄂霍次克带,形成了许多超大型和大型金矿床,矿床主要形成于大陆级和岛弧环境,与陆相火山岩和火山机构有密切的关系,已发现矿床的形成时间以中,新生代为主,矿化发生于火山作用后,火山体系脆性断裂带和深部侵入体的发育使地下水循环,具有大量成矿流体及臧放物质来源是形成浅成低温热液金矿床的重要条件。     

40^Ar／39^Ar Ages of Auriferous Quartz Veins from the Fengyang and Zhangbaling Regions and Their Geological Significance

Geotectonically the Fengyang and Zhangbaling regions belong to the North China craton and the Dabie-Sulu oragene, respectively. Neo-Archean gneiss and amphibolite and metamor-phosed sea-facies sodic volcanic rocks axe the main outcrops in the two regions, respectively. The Zhangbaling terrane strike-skipped along the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in Mesozoic and Cenozo-ic eras and got close to the Fengyang terrane. Mesozoic Yanshanian intrusions occur broadly in thetwo regions. Gold-beating quartz veins occur in the metamorphic rocks in the Fengyang region and in the granodiorite and metamorphosed sea-facies sodic volcanic rocks in the Zhanghaling region.Generally, the formation of the auriferous quartz veins involved three stages. At the first stage,gold-poor sulfide quartz veins were formed; at the second stage gold-rich quartz sulfide veins wereformed; and at the third stage gold-poor barite and/or carbonate veins were formed. The 40^Ar/29^Ar step-heating plateau ages of the first-stage and the second-stage quartz aggregates from the Zhuding, Maoshan and Shangeheng gold deposits range between 116.1 0.6 Ma and 118.3 0.5 Ma and are pretty close to their least apparent ages and isoehronal ages, respectively. All plat-eau, least apparent and isoehronal ages range between 113.4 0.4 Ma and 118.3 0.5 Ma,which are considered as the formation age range of the quartz. It is reasonable and reliable to takethe 40^Ar/39^Ar age range of the quartz as the formation age range of gold-bearing quartz veins onthe basis of spatial relationship between gold-bearing quartz veins and their country rocks. Thegold deposits in the two regions were formed in Aptian, Cretaceous, when the Tancheng-Lujiangfault zone moved as a normal fault with slightly right-lateral strike-skip, was extensional and expe-rienced very strong magnmtic process. It is shown that the magnmtic hydrothermal fluid is a veryimportant part of the gold ore-forming hydrothermal fluid in the Fengyang and Zhanghaling re-gions. The formation of the gold ore deposits in the Fengyang and Zhanghaling regions had genetic relations with the extensional movement of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and magmatic activities and took place under the extensional dynamic condition in Late Cretaceous. Therefore, the exten-sional movement of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone presented the energy and space for magmatic and gold ore-forming processes.     

Geochemical Features and Formation of the Auriferous Cherts in the Mojiang Gold Deposit,Yunnan

Auriferous cherts in the Middle Carboniferous Jinchang Formation are the dominant host rocks of auriferous quartz veins and mixed orebodies comprised of gold-bearing quartz veins and cherts in the Mojiang gold deposit.The rocks exhibit sedimentary texture and structure and are composed of hot-water deposited minerals.The FeO,Fe2O3,Au and Ag contents of the auriferous cherts are high;the Cr,Ni and Co contents are also high but significantly variable;MnO/TiO2 and TFe/TiO2 ratios are relatively higy.As viewed from a few diagrams that distinguish different chert formations,the auriferous cherts are in or near the range of hot-water deposited cherts.Because the correlation coefficients between Au contents and those of Cr, Ni of the rocks are negative,a great Au amount in the cherts might not be brought about by later hydrothermal alterations.The rare-earth elements,O and Si isotopic compositions of the auriferous cherts demonstrate that the cherts belong to hot-water deposited rocks.The later hydrothermal alterations made the petrochemical compositions of the cherts deviate from the characteristics of hot-water deposition.In general,the geological and geochemical features of the auriferous cherts demonstrate that the rocks were formed by hot water deposition.     

卡林型金矿床的特征和成因

卡林型金矿床主要分布在北美大盆地地区科迪勒拉造山带、科罗拉多地台和我国扬子地块西南缘的板内古生代－中生代沉降带和西北缘古生代－中生代冒地槽。具有分布局限、成矿集中的特点，形成许多超大型矿床。金矿床成矿域发育一套大面积分布的巨厚的古－中生代冒地槽建造，同成矿期的岩浆活动和构造活动强烈，有利于形成各种地热体系和流体活动。金矿床往往形成成矿带，单个金矿床的规模大小不一，矿化受构造、围岩和深部流体控制，围岩一般具有还原性质。围岩蚀变为去碳酸盐化、硅化、泥化、硫化物化和重晶石化等。金与砷黄铁矿、黄铁矿及毒砂紧密相关，以次显微金的形式存在。其他矿物为雄黄、雌黄、重晶石、辉锑矿、石英、方解石、含铊矿物以及表生矿物明矾石和黄钾铁矾等。成矿流体中水为大气降水，碳、硫主要来源于矿床围岩和以下岩石，少量可能来源于深部。矿床形成于浅－中等深度。提出了大气降水热液、岩浆热液、变质热液和卤水成矿等卡林型金矿床形成模式，大气降水成因模式能较好解释金矿床的地质地球化学特征。     

初论华北东部中生代金成矿的地球动力学背景——以胶东金矿为例

山东金矿研究的最新成果表明 ,胶东众多金矿床 (无论矿化类型、产出空间、地质背景的不同)的成矿时代主要集中在 1 1 5± 1 5Ma(早白垩世 )前后这一狭短的时段内 ,暗示它们都受某一次统一的重大地质事件的制约 .金矿石中碳酸盐矿物的碳氧同位素组成显示成矿流体中的CO2 很可能来自深部 (岩石圈地幔甚或更深 ) .1 1 5± 1 5Ma(早白垩世 )前后正是华北东部中生代动力学体制转折的关键时段 ,此时古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆斜向快速俯冲、华北东部岩石圈剧烈减薄、郯庐断裂发生强烈左行走滑、区域构造应力场转变为强烈引张、火山 -岩浆活动也最为强烈、尤其是深源(幔源 )岩浆活动最为强烈 .同时 ,这也与部分学者提出的超级地幔柱的高潮时段 (1 2 5～ 1 0 0Ma)相吻合 ,暗示可能有深部物质 (不仅是上地幔物质 ,还可能包括下地幔物质 )和热能的大规模强烈上涌 .因此 ,胶东金矿 (以及华北东部的许多其它金矿床 )的形成有可能是 1 1 5± 1 5Ma前后华北东部动力学体制转折过程中一次大规模的深部物质和深部能量上涌的结果