法向承力锚(VLA)--一种适用于深海工程的新型系泊基础

深水系泊基础是深水系泊系统的重要组成,随着海洋油气资源开发的加速发展,深水系泊系统的关键技术成为国际海洋油气资源开发的重要研究领域.法向承力锚（VLA）是一种崭新的适用于深海油气资源开发的系泊基础形式,论文对其应用、性能特点、工作原理、安装与回收以及计算分析方法等进行了全面介绍,以期对科研人员进一步认识深水系泊系统的关键技术有所帮助,并对国内深水系泊系统的研发起到一定的借鉴作用.     

聚酯系缆损伤对绷紧式系泊系统动力响应影响的数值分析

由于聚酯缆绳具备优异的力学性能,促使以其为主体系缆的绷紧式系泊系统得以广泛应用和发展。但聚酯系缆具有复杂的黏弹性和黏塑性,且由于在安装和使用过程中可能产生不同程度的损伤,使得聚酯系缆的动刚度特性发生演变,从而对系泊系统的动力响应产生直接影响。以一系泊于1 020 m水深的Spar平台为例,运用ABAQUS软件建立了由聚酯缆绳组成的系泊系统有限元模型,并利用ABAQUS子程序将损伤缆绳动刚度经验公式进行导入计算,以更好地反映系缆真实的动刚度变化。基于该有限元模型,计算了在相同水流、波浪工况下,不同损伤度、不同损伤系缆的系缆张力历程和平台的横荡、纵荡位移响应,分析了不同损伤度、不同损伤系缆对系缆张力及平台位移的影响。这些成果对把握绷紧式系泊系统在聚酯系缆有损伤情况下的非线性动力响应及其安全应用具有重要的参考价值。     

损伤聚酯纤维系缆动刚度特性实验研究

系泊系统设计和分析是深海油气开发平台的关键问题,对于采用合成纤维系缆的绷紧式系泊系统,由于材料属性和安装、使用等因素可能造成缆绳不同程度的损伤,因此有必要研究损伤缆在复杂海况下的非线性动力特性尤其是动刚度演变规律。采用合成纤维系缆循环加载实验系统,对6 mm和8 mm的聚酯(polyester)缆绳试样进行实验研究。引入损伤度指标衡量缆绳的损伤程度,通过剪切股纱减小缆绳的有效承载面积以制造损伤,分别考察了损伤度、平均载荷、应变幅值和循环周次对缆绳动刚度的影响。通过量纲分析得到损伤缆动刚度相似准则,在此基础上分析实验数据获得考虑各主要影响因素的动刚度演变经验公式。这些工作为今后更为复杂的全尺寸损伤缆绳的动刚度研究奠定了基础。     

深水系泊高强聚乙烯缆绳的蠕变及破断实验研究

相对于同一破断强度的聚酯(polyester)缆绳,高强聚乙烯(HMPE)缆绳具有更高的刚度、更小的自重和直径、更易运输和安装的优点,因此高强聚乙烯缆绳被引入到系泊系统以替代聚酯缆绳。然而高强聚乙烯缆绳又存在易发生蠕变甚至蠕变破断的不利因素,研究其蠕变和蠕变破断的力学特性就显得尤为迫切。首先设计了合成纤维缆绳实验系统,对HMPE子股缆绳开展了系统的蠕变和蠕变破断实验。基于实验数据,分析了HMPE子缆的蠕变和蠕变破断特性;通过调研HMPE试样的蠕变实验数据,提出了HMPE考虑温度和载荷影响的HMPE纱线蠕变率经验公式,采用该经验公式并结合已有的缆绳比尺换算关系,可以推算出HMPE缆绳的蠕变率;此外,基于所获得的蠕变破断实验数据,提出了HMPE缆绳在定常载荷下的蠕变寿命经验公式。这些成果对HMPE缆绳应用于深水绷紧式系泊系统具有重要意义。     

拖曳锚在海床中运动特性的大变形有限元分析

拖曳锚由于其承载性能和深水中便于安装被广泛应用于海洋工程系泊系统中,如:适用于悬链式系泊系统的传统拖曳锚和适用于绷紧式系泊系统的法向承力锚。拖曳锚安装过程中涉及诸多运动特性:锚板运动方向、系缆点处拖曳力和拖曳角及运动轨迹。基于大变形有限元分析技术耦合的欧拉-拉格朗日法,并引入缆绳方程,建立起锚-缆绳-海床土耦合作用的有限元分析模型;模拟了拖曳锚在均质和线性强度黏土中的嵌入安装过程,研究了锚板运动方向、系缆点处拖曳力和拖曳角及运动轨迹等运动特性;通过与已有的有限元分析方法及理论方法进行对比,验证了该分析模型的有效性;与已有的有限元分析方法相比,提出的分析模型有效地提高了计算效率。     

Assessment and analysis of ecosystem services value along the Yangtze River under the background of the Yangtze River protection strategy

The Yangtze River is the third largest river in the world and the longest and largest river in China.China has adopted a national strategy to protect the Yangtze River.A better understanding of the ecosystem services value along the Yangtze River would provide support for the Yangtze River protection strategy.Using Costanza’s method to estimate the ecosystem services value,the value of 10 ecosystem services was estimated within 1 km and 2 km from the Yangtze River in 2017.These 10 services were derived from the four established groupings of provisioning,regulating,supporting,and cultural services.This study compared and analyzed the changes in the ecosystem services value in the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the river,and in provinces,cities,and villages along the Yangtze River.The total ecosystem services value within 1 km and 2 km from the river was 37.208 and 43.769 billion yuan,respectively.Within 1 km,the ecosystem services value in the middle reaches was 12.93 billion yuan,while the next highest value was in the upper reaches at 12.45 billion yuan,and the downstream area had the smallest value of 11.855 billion yuan.Within 2 km,the value of upstream ecosystem services was the highest at 16.31 billion yuan,while the second highest value was in the middle reaches at 14.376 billion yuan,and the smallest value was in the downstream area at 13.083 billion yuan.In the Yangtze River Basin,regulating services played a leading role,accounting for 81.6%and 78.9%of the ecosystem services value within 1 km and 2 km from the river,respectively.Among the 10 ecosystem services,hydrological regulation was the most important,while the value of raw material production made the smallest contribution.Among the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River,the highest ecosystem services value was in Hubei Province,while the lowest values were in Shanghai and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.If villages within 1 km and 2 km from the river were to be relocated,the total regional ecological value would increase by 527 and 975 million yuan,respectively.     

浙江徐家墩鹅湖岭组含铜多金属矿火山岩的地球化学与年代学

浙江江山徐家墩鹅湖岭组流纹质熔结凝灰岩的断裂构造中含有铜多金属矿物,然而其形成时代及成因目前尚不清楚。该岩石为浅粉红色,具有流纹构造和斑状结构。其化学成分显示出富硅(SiO2 = 72.99%～77.56%)、富碱(Na2O + K2O = 6.57%～8.61%),低钙、镁(CaO = 0.03%～0.05%和MgO = 0.01%～0.08%)的特征。稀土配分显示强烈负铕异常(δEu介于0.028～0.0038之间)的“海鸥型”特征．岩相学和地球化学特征均显示其为具有A型花岗岩特征的流纹质熔结凝灰岩,推测属板内构造环境。其内锆石SHRIMP的U-Th-Pb测年结果显示该火山岩的形成年龄为138.0±2.4 Ma,显示其就位时间为中生代白垩纪燕山运动的中晚期。中生代具有A型花岗岩特征的流纹质熔结凝灰岩的发现有助于建立所在盆地岩浆-构造活动序列,及理解该区铜多金属成矿作用和选定找矿靶区。     

利用地学信息图谱的江西省生态服务价值结构研究

提出了生态服务价值结构的概念,并引入地学信息图谱,以江西省为研究区,利用HJ卫星数据,获得了江西省各县的土地利用类型面积;以修正的生态服务价值估算方法,计算得到了各县6种不同土地利用类型的生态服务价值;利用Weaver组合指数,对江西省县域生态服务价值进行类型划分;将生态服务价值类型与地学信息图谱相结合,使江西省生态服务价值谱系化,依此分析了江西省生态服务价值图谱结构类型特征与组合类型特征,为区域生态环境的可持续发展和构建低碳江西提供了参考建议,为生态经济研究提供了参考。     

南海及邻区中生界——新的油气勘探领域

在对大量地震资料长期解释基础上,通过与南海周边邻区资料的类比,从南海地质构造演化背景、中生界地震反射结构特征、地层划分对比等多方面阐述了南沙海域发育中生代地层的地质背景及其地质时代归属问题,由陆及海,对比了该海域钻录井第一手资料与周边已钻遇的中生界钻井资料,指出白垩系烃源岩是一套有机质含量较高,以Ⅱ2、Ⅲ型干酪根为主的...     

Fatigue analysis of the taut-wire mooring system applied for deep waters

Precisely predicting the fatigue life of taut-wire mooring systems has become an interesting and important problem for scientists and engineers since there are still difficulties in the inspection and maintenance of mooring lines in a rough sea environment especially in deep waters. In this paper, a comprehensive fatigue analysis is performed for a polyester taut-wire mooring system of an FPSO based on the time domain dynamic theory, rainflow cycle counting method and linear damage accumulation rule of Palmgren-Miner. Three influential factors in the fatigue analysis including the pre-tension, dynamic stiffness and T-N curve are investigated in detail. Two polyester T-N curves, one is from the DNV- OS-E301 and the other is from the API-RP-2SM, are adopted in the calculation. The fatigue analysis of the mooring system after one-line failure is also carried out. The calculation results indicate that the fatigue life is significantly affected by the T-N curve. The fatigue life decreases with increasing pre-tension, and is largely reduced if taking into account the dynamic stiffness caused by cyclic loading. The analysis also proves that one-line failure has remarkable effects on the fatigue lives of other mooring lines. The present parametric and comparative study is believed to be meaningful to further understanding of the taut-wire mooring system for deepwater applications.