导线网方差分量估计的综合研究

提出方差分量估计的多余观测分量平均匹配方式；总结出导线网方差分量估计定权的基本规律，并给出其权增量循环算法和特征根法以及将两个实对称矩阵同时对角化的实用方法。     

Morphodynamic evolution of the Xiaoqing River mouth: a Huanghe River-derived mixed energy estuary

In an estuary,tidal,wave and other marine powers interact with the coast in different ways and affect estuary morphology as well as its evolution.In the Huanghe(Yellow) River estuaries and nearby delta,there are many small sediment-affected estuaries with a unique morphology,such as the Xiaoqing River estuary.In this study,we investigated the special evolution and genetic mechanism of the Xiaoqing River estuary by analyzing graphic and image data with a numerical simulation method.The results show that NE and NE-E tide waves are the main driving force for sandbar formation.Sediment shoals have originated from huge amounts of sediment from the Huanghe River,with consequent deposition at the Xiaoqing River mouth.The lateral suspended sediments beyond the river mouth move landward.Siltation takes place on the northern shoreline near the river mouth whereas erosion occurs in the south.The deposits come mainly from scouring of the shallow seabed on the northern side of the estuary.Storm surges speed up deposition in the estuary.Development of the sediment shoals has occurred in two steps involving the processes of growth and further southward extension.Although the southward shift increases the river curvature and length,the general eastward orientation of the estuary is unlikely to change.Processes on the adjacent shorelines do not affect the development of the sediment shoals.The study presents a morphodynamic evolutionary model for the Xiaoqing River estuary,with a long-term series cycle,within which a relatively short cycle occurs.     

基于影像间潮滩地形修正的海岸线监测研究——以黄河三角洲为例

针对潮滩环境中潮汐和坡度变化对海岸线变化监测的影响,提出一种通过两景影像计算潮滩坡降进而准确获得海岸线的方法,并利用坡降值估算潮滩体积。以岸线变化较剧烈的黄河三角洲南部的甜水沟口至小清河口的粉砂淤泥质潮滩为例进行应用研究。结合遥感影像、实测固定断面数据和水深测量数据分析表明,影像间的潮差对坡降估算值虽有较大影响,但选择合适潮位估算潮滩坡降是可行的,估算坡降的最小相对误差可达0.2%,均方根误差小于实测坡降一个数量级。1973-2009 年甜水沟口至小清河口14 个年份的岸线变化分析显示,黄河改道对本区的直接淤积影响在甜水沟向南3 km范围内,最大淤积区位于甜水沟口附近,年均淤积率31 m/a,而后在1989-2002 年海区南部出现较大幅度淤积,主要为黄河入海水沙直接或间接淤积造成的;研究时段内岸滩总体演化趋势为蚀退,最大年均蚀退速率51 m/a,黄河改道造成的海洋动力变化是影响本区海岸冲刷的主要因素。验证表明,本文方法计算的潮滩体积用于指示海滩冲淤变迁是合理可行的。     

黄土塬梁峁区三维地震采集方法研究

针对黄土塬梁峁区复杂地形及特殊的浅层地震地质条件,以鄂尔多斯盆地南缘陇东黄土高原彬长矿区DFS煤矿首采区为研究区．提出了一种规则束状接收不规则沟中激发的三维地震采集方法。即依据区内地震地质模型,按照三维地震观测系统设计原则,使用地震采集软件进行人机对话,并通过映像区分析等手段,考察炮点、检波点设计和修改时对反射区的影响程度,来确定最佳的炮检点分布。DFS煤矿首采区的三维地震勘探成果表明,该方法得到的三维地震数据体信躁比较高,其解释的地质构造位置、规模准确,反映清晰。根据勘探成果,建议矿方修改工作面,经采掘验证真实可靠,可见规则束状接收不规则沟中激发是黄土塬梁峁区复杂地形条件下行之有效的勘探方法。