地下流体测项中氟氯离子及水电导的映震效率

展示了数十年来国内外科研机构运用地下流体测项中氟氯离子及水电导的异常特征探索防震减灾的突出成果。在分析了异常特征可能的产生机理后指出:流体测项中氟氯离子及水电导很可能是我们探寻多年的地化敏感元素,该元素抗干扰能力强,映震效果好,测试方便快捷,既经济又可靠。建议各地区结合本地化学、地质构造特征做到扬长避短,在不适合进行水位和水气观测的井泉多开展对氟氯及其他离子元素和水电导的多项目的综合监测研究,做到一井多用,监测有重点,分析有全面。     

华北陆块东南缘凤台组时代的讨论

华北陆块东南缘凤台组归属于震旦系或寒武系尚无定论,影响了对华北陆块震旦纪与寒武纪转折时期的古构造、古地理和古生物的重大质变事件的探讨。本文根据下震旦统顶部与凤台组之间裂离不整合的发现及其意义的讨论,以及凤台组夹层粉砂质泥岩620Ma的Pb-Pb等时线年龄,基本厘定出凤台组时代为晚震旦世。     

安徽贵池地区含锰岩系地质地球化学特征

安徽贵池地区沉积锰矿床赋存于二叠纪孤峰组,包括沉积作用形成的碳酸锰矿和经后期氧化作用形成的氧化锰矿。二叠纪含锰岩系一般为钙、泥、硅质岩石组合,主要处于二叠纪孤峰组下部,自东向西钙质增加、厚度变大。常量元素特征为Ca、Si低,Mn、Fe、P相对富集。微量元素总体特征显示本区锰矿层及含锰岩系的物质来源具有多源性,Sr异常和Sr／Ba值以及Co／Ni值反映出当时含锰岩系处在高盐度的海相沉积环境。稀土元素属LREE富集型。球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素配分模式图显示重稀土亏损特点,均为右倾斜、中等Eu、Ce负异常,利用海水的标准化值进行标准化的模式曲线,则出现明显的Ce正异常特征,反映区内沉积物具有相似的物质来源。氧、碳同位素具有比较大的变化范围,δ^13CV.PDB=-4.1‰～5‰,δ^18OV.PDB=-3.4‰～-9.9‰,表明碳的来源主要为早二叠纪海水的重碳酸盐。6个含锰灰岩样品δ^18OSMOW值稳定在22‰～24‰,这些均一的氧同位素组成可能反映出它们有一个相似的海相源区。古海水温度比正常沉积要高,约49～71℃,综合地球化学各参数特征分析表明本区孤峰组含锰岩系的沉积是热水活动间歇式、多次活动的结果。含锰岩系和锰的物源既有热水成因的也有非热水成因的物质。结合沉积特征及地史演化分析,自栖霞期发生的海侵在茅口早期达最大,本区处于深水陆棚相-盆地相沉积环境,发生含锰地层的沉积。     

大型建筑设施物联网应用的探索

经过近30年的发展,我国桥梁健康监测系统研究与应用取得了可喜的进步,越来越多的大型桥梁开展自动化监测系统建设工作.然而目前部分监测系统均存在着重硬件、重单体、监测精度低等问题.本文结合国内外研究现状,在现有监测体系的基础上,构建了多因子、多维度桥梁健康监测体系,并提出了一种结合5G网络技术的集自动监测、巡检、养护、管理、预警和决策指挥于一体的桥梁健康系统,实现桥梁振动、位移、山体滑坡和地震等突发事件的实时报警,提供专家库一键式解决方案.     

面向市级和县级海洋防灾减灾的综合管理系统设计和应用

文章基于市级和县级海洋防灾减灾工作需求,以GIS技术为支撑,开发海洋防灾减灾综合管理系统;详述该系统的监测监控、预报产品集成、海洋灾害综合风险防范服务、风暴潮综合研判、风暴潮漫滩漫堤三维模拟和海洋环境突发事件应急服务6个子系统的设计和应用,以期促进相关工作的开展。     

Comparison of soil moisture products from microwave remote sensing,land model,and reanalysis using global ground observations

High-quality soil moisture (SM) datasets are in great demand for climate, hydrology, and other fields, but detailed evaluation of SM products from various sources is scarce. Thus, using 670 SM stations worldwide, we evaluated and compared SM products from microwave remote sensing [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) (C- and X-bands) and European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI)], land surface model [Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)], and reanalysis data [ECMWF Re-Analysis-Interim (ERA-Interim) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)] under different time scales and various climates and land covers. We find that: (a) ESA CCI and GLDAS have the closest values to the in situ SM on the annual scale, whereas others overestimate the SM; ERA-Interim (averaged R = 0.58) and ESA CCI (averaged R = 0.54) correlate best with the in situ data, while GLDAS performs worst. (b) Overall, the deviations of each product vary in seasons. ESA CCI and ERA-Interim products are closer to the in situ SM at seasonal scales, and AMSR-E and NCEP perform worst in December–February and June–August, respectively. (c) Except for NCEP and ERA-Interim, others can well reflect the intermonthly variation of the in situ SM. (d) Under various climates and land covers, AMSR-E products are less effective in cold climates, whereas GLDAS and NCEP products perform poorly in arid or temperate and dry climates. Moreover, the Bias and R of each SM product differ obviously under different forest types, especially the AMSR-E products. In summary, SM from ESA CCI is the best, followed by ERA-Interim product, and precipitation is an important auxiliary data for selecting high-quality SM stations and improving the accuracy of SM from GLDAS. These results can provide a reference for improving the accuracy of the above SM products.     

Calculation of the CO2 Degassing during Contact Metamorphism and Its Geological Significance: The Model and Example from the Shuanshan Area of the South Tan–Lu Fault Belt

The paper studies CO2 degassing and controlling factors under the condition of contact metamorphism in the Shuangshan area, southern Tan-Lu fault belt and the method of calculating the amount of CO2 degassing. The results show that the amount of CO2 degassing is controlled by the characteristics of the country rocks, including the thermal conductivity, penetrability, porosity and connectivity. Compositions, size and depth of intrusive rock also have an important influence on CO2 degassing, i.e., they generated numerous cracks in the country rocks, and thus allowed the easy flow and accumulation of fluids. The amount of CO2 flux in contact metamorphism is calculated quantitatively based on the metamorphic reaction and time-integrated fluid flux. The value （0.729- 2.446×10^4 mol/cm^2） of CO2 flux suggests that CO2 was provided mainly by the contact metamorphic reaction. The generation and releasing of CO2 are positively correlated with the degree of metamorphism, and XCO2 in fluids gradually increases from dolomite zone to calcite zone, but in the zone of grossular, fluid flux is the largest and XCO2 sharply decreases due to involvement of magmatic water. This study presents evidence that a large amount of industrial-scale CO2 can be produced during contact metamorphism. On the basis of theoretical and practical studies, a cone model has been proposed to response CO2 degassing for the contact metamorphism, and it can be used to explore CO2 accumulations beyond the oil-gas basins. This model can also be applied to the study of inorganic genesis of CO2 accumulations.     

资源三号卫星测绘技术与应用

系统总结了资源三号测绘卫星发射以来的技术、产品研发及数据应用情况。在介绍卫星总体技术参数的基础上,阐述了影像的辐射校正、姿态处理、几何检校、成像模型建立的方法,以及5年来的工程实现情况,对数据的应用情况进行了概括和总结,并简单展望了测绘卫星的发展前景。     

北斗卫星ECOM光压模型参数选择策略分析

以ECOM经验光压模型为基础,利用北斗卫星3年的精密星历进行轨道拟合,获得了ECOM光压参数的变化规律,给出了北斗3类卫星的ECOM光压参数选择策略。从北斗卫星姿态控制模式出发,通过卫星星体受照分析,指出在北斗卫星地影期零偏航状态下,由于太阳对卫星帆板的不正照,导致与动态偏航姿态相比,光压摄动力存在与轨道周期相关的分量,需要在ECOM 5参数的基础上增加D向周期分量进行吸收。通过MGEX全球网数据定轨试验,本文提出的方法可使零偏段定轨重叠段位置精度提高50%~80%。