华北地区重力场与沉积层构造

位于中朝准地台的华北地区是由几个不同的断块组成的,重力异常场的分布具有很强的浅部效应、块状分布和深浅叠加场的特点。重力的高程效应很复杂,不同波长的起伏变化有不同的影响系数。本文对布格改正的有关问题进行了讨论,指出华北如区表浅层的密度值偏低（2520kg/m³）,该区合理的布格改正公式为△g₂=-0.0879H。将重力场的垂直导数和向上延拓结合起来,有利于揭示地壳上部构造特征。本文搜集整理了由第四系到寒武系的沉积层资料,给出了沉积层总厚度和视密度的分布。对深部重力异常的分析表明,华北沉积层的形成有深源性质,在均衡调节中起着一定的内载荷作用。     

用初动振幅比求震源机制的球面拟合法

本文根据非均匀破裂圆盘位错模式在均匀介质中给出的远场位移解,通过直角坐标系的正交变换,导出了一组震源节面方程。其中,P波理论地震图的计算,考虑了介质的非弹性吸收和仪器暂态特性的影响。节面方程采用球面量板求解:取4个台的（?）折算振幅比,直接拟合其辐射图型因子,即可在球面上求得震源两个节面。最后,用本文方法分析了新丰江水库区一个中等强度的震例,所得断层面解与按（?）初动符号分布确定的结果甚为接近。     

水平加速度对重力仪弹簧的影响及其克服

在采用垂直悬挂弹性系统的海洋重力仪中,由于弹簧本身的质量不可忽略,受到水平扰动时就可能影响测量精度。L. J. B. LaCoste和J. C. Harrison曾分析过这种影响,本文建立的物理模型更接近于实际情况,文中还建立了数学模型,分析了各种参数（质量、弹簧初始长度、拉丝长度等）的影响。最后得出了与文[1]和[2]不尽相同的结论:只要适当控制弹簧初始长度就能消除水平扰动影响。     

浅源走滑大震震源过程的某些特征

本文给出了邢台、海城、唐山三大地震的震源机制研究结果,并结合其它大震资料,对浅源走滑大震震源过程的特征作了初步探讨.这类地震的P波波形一般都较复杂,可用单断层多重破裂或复断层多重破裂作解释.地震震级愈大,其第一子震的震源持续时间和破裂长度都愈长.发生在活动频繁、贯穿性好的深大断层上的地震与发生在无明显大断层地区的地震相比较,前者的应力降和位错上升速度都比后者的偏低,而且这种差别在第一子震上表现尤其明显.     

渤海湾西部海陆风的空间结构

海陆风虽然只是距海岸线两侧几十公里的一种中尺度现象,但它对沿海一带的天气有很大的影响。它不仅对大范围的空气运动有作用,而且可以改变局地气候。 研究海陆风,对进一步开发利用沿海风能资源,弄清空气污染规律和中小尺度天气的物理机制,提高短时天气预报准确率都有重要意义。 作者在1983年—1984年间的春、秋、夏、冬分别进行了有关海陆风观测。观测站的分布见图1。     

再论奥陶系与志留系界线的划分与对比

本文基于长江三峡东部地区——宣昌王家湾、分乡和黄花场奥陶系与志留系界线剖面生物地层学,同位素年代学,沉积岩以及古地磁的进一步研究,联系当前世界上一些有代表性的奥陶系与志留系界线剖面资料,再论了全球奥陶纪晚期到志留纪初期笔石带和有关介壳化石的对比以及奥陶系与志留系界线的划分问题,仍然主张将奥陶系与志留系界线划在pers-culptus带底部,并明确指出,就选择国际奥陶系与志留系界线层型剖面而言,宣昌王家湾剖面较之Dob’s Linn剖面更为理想。     

热带内外地区相互作用研究

本文回顾了近年来有关热带内外地区相互作用的研究进展。它主要包括三个方面：（１）热带外扰动对热地区的影响；（２）热带地区大气了研究；（３）热带对热带外地区的影响。本文内容涉及了有关观测资料分析、理论研究以及数值试验三个方面的研究成果。     

Research on earthquake prediction from geomagnetic pulsation

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THE ROLES OF BOUNDARY-LAYER DYNAMICS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION

In this paper,a tropical atmospheric model of relevance to shorts-term climate variations(Wang and Li 1993)is util-ized for study of the development of Madden-Julian oscillation.The model contains an interactive process ofboundary-layer Ekman convergence and precipitation heating.The model is solved by expanding dependent variables interms of parabolic cylindrical functions in the meridional direction and truncating three meridional modes n=0,2,4 forequatorial symmetric solutions.The free wave solutions obtained under long-wave approximation are induced as aKelvin wave and two Rossby waves.After considering the effect of boundary-layer dynamic process,the modifiedKelvin wave becomes unstable in long-wave bands with a typical growth rate on an order of 10~(-6) s~(-1)and an eastwardphase speed of 10 m s~(-1);the most unstable mode is wavenumber one.These theoretical results are consistent with the ob-served Madden-Julian oscillation in equatorial area.For the two modified Rossby waves,one with a smaller meridionalscale(n=4)decays except for extra long-waves;the other with a larger meridional scale(n=2)grows in short-wavebands.This may be relevant to explaining the westward propagation of super cloud clusters in the Madden-Julianoscillation.The theory suggests that the boundary-layer dynamic process is an important mechanism in the develop-ment of the Madden-Julian oscillation.     

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON THE FORMATION OF THE EASTERN PACIFIC SUMMER MONSOON

In this paper,we use a two-dimensional primary equation model which contains (1) heating ofradiation,(2) heating of condensation,and (3) transfers of sensible and latent heat between air andthe underlying surface.To investigate the causes for the formation of the eastern North Pacific sum-mer monsoon,the data at 110°W are obtained and winds at underlying surface and at 200 hPa aremodified under the conditions (1) removing topography and (2) changing meridional sea surface tem-perature (SST) gradient.In the numerical modification,we find that by removing the topography,the center's location ofthe eastern North Pacific summer monsoon does not change,but the intensity of the summer monsoonis weakened.Also the onset of the summer monsoon is delayed to the end of May.The tropical east-erly jet is weakened obviously,even changes to westerly wind.On the other hand,we find that theSST gradient along 110°W influences the eastern North Pacific summer monsoon distinctly.If theSST gradient is decreased,the center of the southwest wind near 12°N does not exist any more.theintensity of the whole summer monsoon becomes very weak and the circulation pattern of the summermonsoon also changes a lot.Finally,we indicate that both topography and meridional SST gradient play important roles inthe occurrence of the eastern North Pacific summer monsoon.The meridional SST gradient is themost important factor that triggers the summer monsoon and the topography along 110°W influencesthe intensity and the onset time of the summer monsoon there mostly.