Accumulation behavior of toxic elements in the soil and plant from Xinzhuangzi reclaimed mining areas,China

The concentration and distribution characteristics of toxic elements in soil and plant were investigated in the coal refuse reclaimed areas of Huainan, China. Ninety soil samples from different depth (0–20, 20–40, 40–60 cm) and 120 plant samples were collected based on grid sampling method. The concentrations of the selected toxic elements (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the soil and plant samples were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The elevated concentrations of toxic elements in the soils at the depth of 20–40 and 40–60 cm suggested that the coal refuse reclamation may lead to potential environmental impacts. The toxic element tolerance could be observed in all the selected plant samples. The concentrations of toxic elements in the underground tissues were higher than that of aboveground tissues. Conclusively, the present study provided a comprehensive evaluation of soil and plant toxic element implications from coal refuse reclaimed areas in China and was also helpful for environmental protection and monitoring the safety of plant.     

西北地级城市的行业分工测度研究

综合运用相似系数、灰色关联度以及相对专门化指数和相对多样化指数,对西北地级城市的行业结构相似程度、关联程度和相对专门化行业进行研究,并将其与中原、关中、山东半岛三城市群进行对比。结果表明,以上3种方法的结合可以更加客观地测度行业分工的状况,得出西北城市行业分工有以下特点:(1)西北地级城市行业结构的差别很大,其行业结构的相似性存在着一定程度的空间自相关性。(2)西北地级城市的专门化程度较高,但这些城市之间的专门化程度差别较大,且其相对专门化行业大多为采掘业与电力、煤气及水生产供应业等较低层次的行业,同时在西北城市中核心城市拥有相对较高的多样化程度。     

非稳沉采煤沉陷区沉积物-水体界面的氮、磷分布及迁移转化特征

以淮南后湖非稳沉采煤沉陷区沉积物-水体界面为研究对象,分析该湖未开发区(A区)、水产养殖区(B区)和水生蔬菜种植区(C区)3个功能区上覆水-间隙水-沉积物体系中氮、磷分布及其迁移特征.结果表明,氮、磷在不同水体界面的分布差异较大.其中上覆水中氮、磷浓度表现为A区B区C区;间隙水中氮、磷分布差异不显著,然而各功能区间隙水的氮、磷浓度明显高于上覆水,氮、磷主要由间隙水向上覆水中移动;沉积物中氮、磷含量以C区最高.后湖采煤沉陷区水体表现出氮污染、磷限制的现象.     

发酵浒苔对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长、非特异性免疫及消化酶活性的影响

浒苔经发酵后按添加比例（0%、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%）分别加入到珍珠龙胆石斑鱼（Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀）基础饲料中配制成6种饲料,用以探讨发酵浒苔对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长、肠消化酶活性及血清非特异性免疫力的影响。选用初始平均体质量为（19.16±0.25）g的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼为研究材料,试验周期28 d。结果表明:发酵浒苔能显著影响石斑鱼的增重率（WGR）和特定生长率（SGR）（P<0.05）,且随着发酵浒苔添加水平的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在2%组添加量时显著高于对照组。同时,相比于对照组,各添加组饲料系数（FCR）均有下降,在2%组时显著降低（P<0.05）。添加发酵浒苔可以显著提高血清总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）的活性（P<0.05）,但对溶菌酶（LZM）和酚氧化酶（PO）活性影响差异不显著（P>0.05）。在添加组中,淀粉酶、脂肪酶以及胰蛋白酶活性均得到了显著提高（P<0.05）,添加水平在2%~3%时效果最好。综合发酵浒苔对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的作用效果可以看出,发酵浒苔可以明显促进其生长,提高非特异性免疫力及肠道中消化酶活力,建议发酵浒苔在饲料中添加量为2%左右。     

黄河流域兰西城市群环境规制效率的空间格局及其空间收敛性

基于2010—2018年黄河流域兰西城市群县域数据,采用空间分析技术和空间收敛模型分析环境规制效率的空间格局及其空间收敛性。结果表明：① 环境规制效率呈现“中心高边缘低”的空间特征,环境规制效率由“大差距低强度”向“小差距高强度”转变;② 环境规制效率具有空间相关性,环境规制效率的热点区-冷点区与经济发展的高水平区-低水平区具有空间趋同性;③ 环境规制效率存在空间收敛性,在考虑社会经济因素和空间因素的情况下环境规制效率的空间收敛性增强;④ 经济水平、政府干预、能耗强度、工业化率和人口密度等因素通过空间溢出效应对环境规制效率的空间收敛性产生影响。     

Mineral surface modification induced by low energy ion irradiation: Implications for solar-wind exposure effects in lunar soil

We performed ion irradiation on olivine and ilmenite to simulate solar-wind exposure effects in lunar soil. The surface morphology and microstructure after ion irradiation were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Sputtering erosion significantly modified the surface of irradiated Luobusha olivine grains. All irradiated grains show smooth surface and round shape. The cleavage fractures on the unirradiated olivine surface were widened and deeply etched after He＋ irradiation. Both of these are the consequence of ion sputtering erosion. There are no bubbles or voids foundin the irradiated olivine grains, because He＋ dose in this study is lower than saturated fluence. Irradiated Panzhihua ilmenite grains are all covered with smooth flakes with the thickness of about 400 nm. The formation of the flakes should be related with helium bubbles and their growth during He＋ implantation. Some columnar-shaped particles are found at the surface of irradiated Panzhihua ilmenite. We speculate that these particles should be sulfide because of significantly high sulfur contents.     

A preliminary experience in the use of Chang’E-1 IIM data

The Interference Imaging Spectrometer (IIM) onboard the first lunar satellite of China, Chang’E-1, has acquired 84% of the area between south and north latitude 70°. To contribute to its usability, this paper presents our preliminary experience in the use of IIM data. Firstly, we provide one practicable method for the on-orbit correction of the inhomogeneity of sensor response. Secondly, aiming at the problem that the spectral range of IIM does not cover the absorption peak of the mafic mineral completely, we explore a method to approximate the absorption band center for IIM data. A strong correlation between the absorption band center and the wavelength at which the first derivative equals to 0 (i.e., stagnation point) was revealed. Based on the corrected data and the correlation, the absorption band center of several large craters was mapped. The distribution of rocks and minerals shown in the map of absorption band center for Aristarchus and Copernicus is in agreement with previous studies but with much finer structure. Horizontal and vertical lithologic diversity was detected in Zucchius crater. This paper demonstrates the potential of IIM data for the identification of lunar rocks due to its high spatial and spectral resolution. In a future study we will produce a global map of the absorption band center with greater accuracy and it is expected that this global map will provide complementary information for other hyperspectral data such as SP on KAGUYA or M³ on Chandrayaan-1.     

Two Lunar Mare Soil Simulants

Two new lunar mare soil simulants, NAO-2 and NAO-3, have been created in National Astronomical Observatories (NAO), Chinese Academy of Sciences. These two simulants were produced from low-titanium basalt and high-titanium basalt respectively. The chemical composition, mineralogy, particle size distribution, density, angle of internal friction, and cohesion of both simulants have been analyzed, indicating that some characteristics of NAO-2 and NAO-3 are similar to those of Apollo 14 and Apollo 11 landing site soils. NAO-2 and NAO-3 will be of great benefit to the scientific and engineering research on lunar soil.     

Kinetic Model of Gaseous Alkanes Formed from Coal in a Confined System and Its Application to Gas Filling History in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, Northwest China

Based on the pyrolysis products for the Jurassic low-mature coal under programmed temperature,and chemical and carbon isotopic compositions of natural gas from the Kuqa Depression, the genetic origin of natural gas was determined,and then a gas filling model was established,in combination with the geological background of the Kuqa Depression.The active energy of CH_4,C_2H_6 and C_3H_8 was gotten after the data of pyrolysis gas products under different heating rates(2℃/h and 20℃/h)were fitted by the Gas O...     

基于高级生产者服务业视角的成渝地区城市网络体系

基于高级生产者服务业视角,建立了成渝地区17个最小分析单元(FUR,Functional Urban Region)×149家公司的量化矩阵,进行了基于服务值、连通性和网络性特征的分析,研究了成渝地区的城市网络体系结构及其特征.其中,FUR为重庆都市发达经济圈、渝西走廊地区和绝大部分地级市.结果表明:成都市和重庆都市发...