佳木斯市地下水水量水质模型

佳木斯市是一个以开采地下水为主要供水水源的城市.本文根据当地的水文地质条件,建立了佳木斯市的地下水的水量水质模型.用有限元法求解水量模型进行地下水资源评价.用特征有限元法求解水质模型进行地下水污染预测,该方法在求解对流一弥散方程时能有效地消除数值弥散和数值振荡,精度较高.为使该方法付诸实施,文中也提出了当利用特征有限元法求解时确定运动水质点所属单元的方法.     

新型节水灌溉控制原理的应用研究

在土壤-植物-大气连续体系(SPAC)中,以植物茎、果微增长及其含水量变化作为植物需水信息建立的灌溉自动控制系统,可实现植物水分适度亏缺,有效调控其生长发育。实验结果表明,同充分供水的植株或树体相比,节水15.6%时,玉米长势良好,节水21.4%时,柑桔果实生长未受影响。     

南极长城站至莫斯科和伊尔库茨克路径上时延的测量与传播路径研究

本文介绍了利用在南极长城站接收来自ＲＷＭ（莫斯科）和ＲＩＤ（伊尔库茨克）台的授时信号的无线电波时延的测量方法，并依据１９９１年４月至１９９１年９月所测量的传播时延数据分析了电波传播路径。说明了沿长、短大圆路径的传播时段。判定存在着非大圆路径传播并阐明了关于非大圆路径传播的一些变化规律。对非大圆路径发生的条件进行了探讨     

近年来我国城市地理学主要研究领域的新进展

本文对改革开放以来中国城市地理学研究的新进展作了综述，尤其注重新领域的进展和主要观点的概括。本文涉及的主要领域包括：（１）城市化研究；（２）城市发展方针的研究；（３）城市体系研究；（４）城市内部空间结构研究。最后，在研究展望中作者指出，在社会主义市场经济体制下，应开展城市土地和住房以及国际大都市的研究。     

油藏动力学模型研究的思路、内容和方法

油藏动力学模型由油藏外部形态模型、油藏内部结构模型、岩石物理特性模型、油、气、水特征模型及油藏动力系统模型５个子系统构成。建模工作通常分勘探期、开发前期、开发期及开发中－晚期４个阶段进行，各阶段中建模研究内容、层次及研究方法各有侧重。在整个油藏动力学模型研究系统工作中，储层地质模型与油藏动力系统模型是研究重点，地下原油（或剩余油）分布的动态变化规律是研究目的。     

南沙群岛景观及区域古地理

本文论述了南沙群岛的海底地形、海底表层沉积、珊瑚礁景观、区域新生代古地理、以永暑礁为代表的古气候与古海面，以及本区古海洋等自然地理特征。     

Li_2S─B_2O_3（─LiBr）玻璃的结构表征

用ＮＭＲ和ＸＰＳ技术研究了Ｌｉ２Ｓ─Ｂ２Ｏ３（─ＬｉＢｒ）体系硫氧化物玻璃的结构，结果指出，４─配位硼分数Ｎ４仅仅由玻璃Ｌｉ２Ｓ／Ｂ２Ｏ３摩尔比决定．而与ＬｉＢｒ含量无关，这表明Ｌｉ２Ｓ作为变形剂参与了玻璃网络形成，而ＬｉＢｒ仅作为参杂剂溶解于玻璃基体中，并进入网络间隙。含ＬｉＢｒ玻璃７ＬｉＮＭＲ谱运动变窄说明Ｌｉ＋离子是移迁离子．Ｓ２ｐ的ＸＰＳ解析谱证实了玻璃中桥硫和非桥硫的存在．Ｌｉｌｓ结合能值显示出Ｌｉ＋离了迁移的化学环境。     

Rock-magnetic proxies of climate change in the loess-palaeosol sequences of the western Loess Plateau of China

Results of the first detailed study of the climate proxy record in the loess-palaeosol sequence at Xining-one of the few palaeoclimate sites in the currently arid western Loess Plateau of China-illustrate the importance of making many types of rock-magnetic measurements other than susceptibility. A multiparameter approach yielded confirmation that here, as elsewhere in the Loess Plateau, the susceptibility enhancement in palaeosols was caused primarily by ultrafine magnetite and maghaemite. Nevertheless, magnetic enhancement was caused not exclusively by changes in relative grain size, but also by variations in concentration and mineralogy of the magnetic fraction.
The effects of concentration variations were removed through normalization of susceptibility and anhysteretic remanence with saturation magnetization and saturation remanence, respectively. the resulting signal was ascribed more confidently to variation in magnetic grain size, which in turn was interpreted as a better proxy of pedogenesis than simple susceptibility. Variations in magnetic mineralogy were also determined to constrain interpretations further. the data were then used to discuss climate history at Xining. Finally, results from Xining were compared with other western sites and contrasted with eastern sites.
In summary: (1) data is presented from a new Loess Plateau site which also appears to yield a global climate signal; (2) a demonstration is made of a more rock-magnetically robust way to separate concentration, composition and grain-size controls on susceptibility and other magnetic parameters; and (3) models are provided for inter-regional comparisons of palaeoclimate proxy records.     

Rangeland production: use of models incorporating aggregated knowledge and fuzzy construction

This work reports on a method using fuzzy membership functions to construct an aggregated interaction matrix in which the summation of variables is scaled according to the way rainfall and soil variables affect water availability to plants and hence influence rangeland productivity. Aggregation of the variables gives a comprehensive value which can be used to predict production. The model increases the predicability of production to 81% compared to models using rainfall alone and a multiplicative parametric one which give predictibilities of 61 and 76% respectively. The results showed that (1) the importance of rainfall in determining production was most important at lower rainfalls i.e. <350 mm; (2) soil texture and particularly slope were important through out the rainfall range (149–700 mm) investigated; and (3) soil depth was only important at the higher >350 mm rainfalls. The aggregated interaction matrix gives a measure of land productive capability.     

吉林省中,新生代陆缘弧发展演化阶段及其类型划分

依吉林省中，新生代陆缘弧发展演化特征，将其划分为三个发展演化阶段，即陆缘弧隆断阶段（Ｔ３－Ｋ１）陆缘弧隆拗阶段（Ｋ２－Ｋ２）和陆缘弧裂解阶段（Ｅ－Ｑ）。根据陆缘弧发展演化过程中的性状变化特点，陆缘弧类型可相应地划分在挤压型陆缘弧，盆岭型陆缘弧和裂解型陆缘弧。