Research Progress in China on the Tropical Atmospheric Intraseasonal Oscillation

Tropical intraseasonal oscillation (including the Madden-Julian oscillation) is an important element of the atmospheric circulation system. The activities and anomalies of tropical intraseasonal oscillations affect weather and climate both inside and outside the tropical region. The study of these phenomena therefore represents one of the frontiers of atmospheric sciences. This review aims to synthesize and summarize studies of intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) by Chinese scientists within the last 5-10 years. We focus particularly on ISO's mechanisms, its numerical simulations (especially the impacts of diabatic heating profiles), relationships and interactions with ENSO (especially over the western Pacific), impacts on tropical cyclone genesis and tracks over the northwestern Pacific, and influences on the onset and activity of the South and East Asian monsoons (especially rainfall over China). Among these, focuses of ongoing research and unresolved issues related to ISO are also discussed.     

2012年初欧洲严寒天气成因的分析

2012年初欧洲遭受了严重的低温严寒天气。分析表明:从对流层低层到高层持续的大气环流异常与此次严寒天气有着密切的联系,1、2月出现的北极涛动(AO)的强负异常是造成此次欧洲严寒天气的主要原因。AO负异常导致北大西洋副高异常偏强、偏东和偏北,使得暖湿空气沿副高北侧流向北极地区,极大减弱了欧洲暖湿空气的来源;同时使乌拉尔山高压强度偏强,位置偏西偏北,有利于上游偏强、偏北的大西洋副高的维持,并加强了极区冷空气南下西进,造成了南欧地区的严寒天气。AO负异常引起的地中海低压槽的加深,为北方冷空气的南下创造了有利条件,也使冷暖空气在地中海北岸交汇,从而导致亚平宁半岛和巴尔干半岛的暴雪天气。虽然La Nia事件对这次严寒天气也有一定的贡献,但AO负异常对这次严寒天气的作用远远大于La Nia事件的作用。     

计算机兵棋棋盘中坐标快速转换方法研究

兵棋是对作战过程进行逻辑推演研究和评估的重要工具,是现代作战模拟的一种重要方法和手段。兵棋的三大要素包括棋盘、棋子和规则,棋盘的经典样式就是六角格网兵棋棋盘,计算机兵棋中也常采用六角格网兵棋棋盘描述战场地形环境。推演过程中通常涉及到大量的坐标转换,因此坐标转换效率对于推演效率具有重要影响。针对经纬度坐标和六角格网编码的转换,提出了直接转换和间接转换两种坐标转换方法,分析了各自的基本转换原理,并给出了坐标转换公式,最后通过实验对两种方法的转换效率进行了分析,证实间接坐标转换法具有更高的转换效率。     

Assessment of theoretical approaches to derivation of internal solitary wave parameters from multi-satellite images near the Dongsha Atoll of the South China Sea

This study assesses the accuracy and the applicability of the Korteweg-de Vries(KdV) and the nonlinear Schr?dinger(NLS) equation solutions to derivation of dynamic parameters of internal solitary waves(ISWs) from satellite images. Visible band images taken by five satellite sensors with spatial resolutions from 5 m to 250 m near the Dongsha Atoll of the northern South China Sea(NSCS) are used as a baseline. From the baseline, the amplitudes of ISWs occurring from July 10 to 13, 2017 are estimate...     

地形起伏度最佳分析区域预测模型

地形起伏度指分析区域内最高点和最低点之差,反映宏观区域内地形的起伏特征,是描述地貌形态的定量指标。确定最佳分析区域是地形起伏度提取算法的核心步骤,以及决定地形起伏度提取结果有效性的关键。本文以全国范围内随机选取的78个实验区域、三种不同尺度的DEM数据作为实验对象,分别进行系列分析区域尺度的地形起伏度计算,建立了基于微观地形特征因子的地形起伏度最佳分析区域预测模型。实验表明：相同区域、不同尺度的DEM数据提取的地形起伏度存在差异,DEM尺度相差较小时,地形起伏度的差异也较小;地形起伏度和实验区域的最大高程、区域高差、平均坡度和平均坡度变率等地形特征因子存在强相关关系;当置信水平为0.05时,预测模型拟合参数的准确率达到95%以上,证明预测模型可以有效地确定最佳分析区域的取值范围。     

ERDAS APOLLO软件在海量空间数据管理中的应用

本文介绍了一种全新的、基于ERDAS APOLLO软件实现海量空间数据管理方法。文章在介绍ERDAS APOLLO软件的特点及应用情况后,详细阐述了海量影像组织、空间数据服务发布的流程与方法,并用来实现重庆市国土行业海量空间数据的统一管理,对这种管理方法的应用情况作了总结。     

Rupture process of the M_s 7.0 Lushan earthquake, 2013

On April 20, 2013 at 8:02 am, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred in Lushan County, Sichuan Province, China, which induces massive landslides, causes great losses to life and property. Based on the locations of aftershocks provided by the China Earthquake Network Center and the characteristic of Longmenshan active faults system, combined with the current preliminary focal mechanism solution, the fault rupture direction is determined. With the finite fault inversion method, we invert the rupture process of the Lushan M s 7.0 earthquake by teleseismic waveforms data. The inversion results indicate that the main shock is dominated by thrust fault component and the rupture initiated at depth of 15 km, and most of slip ruptured around the hypocenter with the peak slip of about 1.5 m. Most of rupture slips released at the first 20 s and the main rupture occurred at the first 10 s after the onsets of the mainshock. Most of seismic energy released near the hypocenter with a length of 28 km, especially on both sides of the hypocenter with the range of 20 km, and the seismic energy released relatively smaller in other areas. There is a large area with weak slip between the main rupture and another two asperities on both sides of the hypocenter; it may imply that the accumulated strain on the rupture fault has not been completely released. Therefore, there is a significant possibility of having strong aftershocks in the areas where energy is not fully released. This is also the main reason why there are a lot of moderate to strong aftershocks in the Lushan aftershock sequence. In addition, there is an earthquake vacant zone with a length of about 50 km between the Wenchuan M w 7.9 earthquake and this event, which is of high earthquake risk and is deserved to be paid close attention to.     

Crustal and upper mantle structure and the deep seismogenic environment in the source regions of the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake

Following the M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, the M w 6.6 Lushan earthquake is another devastating earthquake that struck the Longmenshan Fault Zone (LFZ) and caused severe damages. In this study, we collected continuous broadband ambient noise seismic data and earthquake event data from Chinese provincial digital seismic network, and then utilized ambient noise tomography method and receiver function method to obtain high resolution shear wave velocity structure, crustal thickness, and Poisson ratio in the earthquake source region and its surroundings. Based on the tomography images and the receiver function results, we further analyzed the deep seismogenic environment of the LFZ and its neighborhood. We reveal three main findings: (1) There is big contrast of the shear wave velocities across the LFZ. (2) Both the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred in the regions where crustal shear wave velocity and crustal thickness change dramatically. The rupture faults and the aftershock zones are also concentrated in the areas where the lateral gradients of crustal seismic wave speed and crustal thickness change significantly, and the focal depths of the earthquakes are concentrated in the transitional depths where shear wave velocities change dramatically from laterally uniform to laterally non-uniform. (3) The Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershocks occurred in low Poisson ratio region, while the Lushan earthquake sequences are located in high Poisson ratio zone. We proposed that the effect of the dramatic lateral variation of shear wave velocity, and the gravity potential energy differences caused by the big contrast in the topography and the crustal thickness across the LFZ may constitute the seismogenic environment for the strong earthquakes in the LFZ, and the Poisson ratio difference between the rocks in the south and north segments of the Longmenshan Fault zone may explain the 5 years delay of the occurrence of the Lushan earthquake than the Wenchuan earthquake.     

中国南海北部陆坡孔隙度的求取

孔隙度在岩石物理和地震勘探领域都是一个非常重要的参数,水饱和地层的孔隙度可以用于求海底地层的弹性模量进而求取纵横波速度、识别水合物以及估计水合物的储量等.然而在没有打钻的情况下要相对准确地了解海底未固结成岩地层的孔隙度变化趋势是困难的.历史上有学者提出了几个模型,都是基于孔隙度随深度的增加呈现指数下降的趋势,并且需要知道指数模型中的若干参数,因此就产生了两个问题,一是孔隙度是否随深度增加而呈现指数下降,二是指数模型中参数如何选取.本文从另外一个角度,即利用海底介质的压实性从表层开始往下逐层求取水饱和地层的孔隙度,此方法被称之为"体积模量法",它仅需要知道表层孔隙度和地层矿物组分,从而节省了勘探成本.本文将该方法应用于我国南海地区和美国ODP井数据,结果与测井数据以及地震反演数据吻合得较好.     

Strategies for real-time spatial analysis using massively parallel SIMD computers: an application to urban traffic flow analysis

Abstract

The current research focuses upon the development of a methodology for undertaking real-time spatial analysis in a supercomputing environment, specifically using massively parallel SIMD computers. Several approaches that can be used to explore the parallelization characteristics of spatial problems are introduced. Within the focus of a methodology directed toward spatial data parallelism, strategies based on both location-based data decomposition and object-based data decomposition are proposed and a programming logic for spatial operations at local, neighborhood and global levels is also recommended. An empirical study of real-time traffic flow analysis shows the utility of the suggested approach for a complex, spatial analysis situation. The empirical example demonstrates that the proposed methodology, especially when combined with appropriate programming strategies, is preferable in situations where critical, real-time, spatial analysis computations are required. The implementation of this example in a parallel environment also points out some interesting theoretical questions with respect to the theoretical basis underlying the analysis of large networks.