湘江中下游农田土壤和蔬菜的重金属污染

A total of 219 agricultural soil and 48 vegetable samples were collected from the midstream and downstream of the Xiangjiang River（the Hengyang-Changsha section）in Hunan Province.The accumulation characteristics,spatial distribution and potential risk of heavy metals in the agricultural soils and vegetables were depicted.There are higher accumulations of heavy metals such as As,Cd,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn in agricultural soils,and the contents of Cd（2.44 mg kg^-1 ）,Pb（65.00 mg kg^-1 ）and Zn（144.13 mg kg^-1 ）are 7.97,3.69 and 1.63 times the corresponding background contents in soils of Hunan Province,respectively. 13.2%of As,68.5%of Cd,2.7%of Cu,2.7%of Ni,8.7%of Pb and 15.1%of Zn in soil samples from the investigated sites exceeded the maximum allowable heavy metal contents in the China Environmental Quality Standard for Soils（GB15618-1995,Grade Ⅱ）.The pollution characteristics of multi-metals in soils are mainly due to Cd.The contents of As,Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn in vegetable soils are significantly higher than the contents in paddy soils.95.8%, 68.8%,10.4%and 95.8%of vegetable samples exceeded the Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods（GB2762-2005）for As,Cd,Ni and Pb concentrations,respectively.There are significantly positive correlations between the concentrations of Cd,Pb and Zn in vegetables and the concentrations in the corresponding vegetable soils（p〈0.01）.It is very necessary to focus on the potential risk of heavy metals for food safety and human health in agricultural soils and vegetables in the midstream and downstream of the Xiangjiang River,Hunan Province of China.     

水平风作用下雨滴水平速度的数值仿真

为了研究雨滴在水平风作用下的水平移动情况,在分析水平风作用下雨滴受力情况的基础上,通过对曳力系数与雷诺数对应关系的研究,采用数值仿真的方法分别对海平面大气条件和不同大气条件下雨滴水平运动速度进行仿真.结果表明:当有水平风作用时,雨滴的水平运动速度不等于风的速度,而是随雨滴直径和水平风速的变化而变化;在水平风作用下,雨滴的水平移动速度可以在较短的时间内(一般小于15 s)达到一个稳定的值;在水平风速相同的情况下,气压越高、温度越低,雨滴达到平衡时的水平移动末速度相对越大,反之则越小.这些结论对基于图像采集原理的光学降水自动观测仪器进行雨滴图像拼合有重要的应用价值.     

资源三号测绘卫星三线阵影像高精度几何检校

高精度几何检校是测绘卫星实现立体测图的关键。提出了用于星载光学卫星在轨几何检校的严密成像几何模型,推导了多线阵CCD拼接的内方位元素模型,在此基础上构建基于偏置矩阵及内方位元素模型的多检校场联合几何检校模型和几何检校方案。针对我国第一颗民用测绘卫星资源三号,利用华北多个地区1∶2000的数字正射影像和数字高程模型对资源三号三线阵影像进行几何检校,利用河北安平靶标区域三线阵数据进行验证。结果表明,采用本文的方案,资源三号测绘卫星无控制点平面定位精度优于20 m,利用靶标控制点的平面定位精度优于0.6 m,高程精度优于0.5 m,达到资源三号测绘卫星所能达到的理论极限精度;并验证了资源三号三线阵相机并不存在镜头光学畸变,只是存在主距变化、CCD排列旋转等引起的线性误差。     

安徽滁县琅琊山一带燕山期岩浆岩成因及区域找矿方向

滁县琅琊山铜矿床是长江中下游成矿带北东段滁县-庐江铜金成矿带的一部分,为安徽东部目前发现规模最大的铜及伴生金矿床.与成矿关系密切的滁县岩体,长期以来前人鲜有系统的地球化学研究,本文在野外地质调查的基础上,系统采集了一套滁县岩体样品,发现其地球化学特征与典型的埃达克岩基本一致:具有SiO2＞56％,Al2O3≥15％,富Sr、Ba和Cr、Ni,具有高的Sr/Y和(La/Yb)N值,但Y和Yb含量低,无明显Eu异常,另外岩石具有较高的MgO、Mg#及Sr/La值,显示海水蚀变MORB相似的地球化学特征.分析认为,该区燕山期岩浆岩为洋壳俯冲产物,属比较典型的和成矿有关的埃达克岩,伴随着该期侵入岩的上侵,富含Cu、Au的成矿物质随着温度、压力或者氧逸度的降低,在合适的部位富集成矿.对比分析了上腰铺岩体的地球化学特征,认为它和滁县岩体特征基本一致,应该有着相似的成岩成矿背景.同时在滁县岩体西南段发现一条含微细粒黄铁矿碎裂状白云岩质硅化带,在上腰铺岩体周边发现一条多金属矿化硅质脉,并对琅琊山含铜矿化矽卡岩及上述白云岩质硅化带和多金属矿化硅质脉进行了地质分析和痕量元素测试,认为它们与燕山期侵入岩有着密切的关系,上腰铺岩体周边可以作为下步铜及伴生金矿床勘查的新的远景地区,同时指出该区找矿不能只盯着矽卡岩型铜金矿而忽视多金属矿化硅质脉新类型矿的寻找.     

辽西坳陷牛营子地区中元古界下马岭组生物标志化合物特征——以小庄户剖面为例

正辽西坳陷地区位于燕辽裂陷带东部,在中新元古界时期沉降缓慢、地层发育齐全、厚度巨大,前人大量研究表明中-新元古界完全具备形成与富集规模性油气资源的条件。本文通过牛营子地区小庄户实测剖面的第一手数据,拟采用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱技术,以小庄户剖面下马岭组烃源岩为研究目标,剖析其生物标志化合物分布特征,解译有机质生源、沉积环境等方面的信息。     

Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Newly Discovered Yangchongli Gold Deposit in Tongling Region, Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt

The newly discovered Yangchongli gold deposit is a unique independent gold deposit in the Tongling ore-cluster region controlled by the tectonic alteration firstly discovered in the Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt(LYMB). The host magmatic rocks mainly consist of monzodiorite and K-feldspar granite. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircons dating yielded weighted mean ~(206)Pb/~(238)U ages of 140.7 ± 1.8 Ma and 126.4 ± 1.2 Ma for the monzodiorite and K-feldspar granite, respectively. Monzodiorites are enriched in Sr, Ba, Rb, and depleted in Y, Yb with high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, similar to the geochemical features of adakite, considered as products of differentiation of mafic magmas originating from lithospheric mantle melt/fluids caused by metasomatism during paleo-Pacific Plate subduction in the Mesozic. In contrast, the compositions of K-feldspar granites are A-type granites, indicating an extensional tectonic background. Gold ores hosted in the fracture zone occurred as quartz vein within cataclastic rock. Sulfur and lead isotopes from pyrites show crust-mantle mixing characteristics. Metal components from strata also took part in the gold mineralization, and resulted from two episodes of magmatism that were probably related to tectonic transition from a compressive to an extensional setting between 140–126 Ma, which led to the Mesozoic large-scale polymetallic mineralization events in eastern China.     

Genesis of tuff interval and its uranium enrichment in Upper Triassic of Ordos Basin,NW China

Recently measured high gamma ray values in the Yanchang Formation of the Upper Triassic in the Ordos Basin have added an interesting and controversial twist to the study of the formation’s uranium enrichment and genesis. High uranium and thorium contents in the tuffaceous layer cause high gamma ray values in the Yanchang Formation. Petrographic studies, major elements, rare earth elements (REEs), and trace elements have been systematically analyzed to determine the composition, geochemical environment, and diagenetic processes of the layer. The observed color of the tuffaceous layer in the study area varies from yellow to yellowish brown. The tuff consists of matrix supported with sub-rounded to sub-angular lithic fragments. These lithic fragments probably derived from pre-existing rocks and incorporated into the tuffaceous layer during volcanic eruption. Quartz, plagioclase, and biotite were observed in well to poorly sorted form, in addition to framboidal pyrite and organic laminae. Measured ratios of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ranged from 3.277 to 6.105 with an average of 3.738. The ratio of TiO₂/Al₂O₃ varied from 0.037 to 0.201 with an average of 0.061, indicating that the sediments of the tuffaceous layer originated from an intermediate magma. REE distribution patterns show sharp negative Eu anomalies, indicating a reducing environment, which is suitable for uranium deposition. A reducing environment was confirmed by black shale in the base of the Yanchang Formation. Such black shale has high organic matter content that can take kerogene from mudstone and provide a reducing environment for uranium enrichment in the tuffaceous layer. Moreover, negative Eu anomalies and the REE patterns indicate a subduction-related volcanic arc environment as the magma source of the tuffaceous layers. High values of Rb, Ba, and Sr might be the result of fluid phase activities; low values of Hf and Eu indicate the involvement of crustal material during diagenesis of the tuff. Discrimination diagrams (Th/Yb vs Ta/Yb, Th/Hf vs Ta/Hf) suggest an active continental margin as the tectonic setting of source volcanoes. Plots of Nb versus Y, Rb versus Y + Nb, TiO₂ versus Zr, and Th/Yb versus Nb/Yb of the tuffaceous content point to calc-alkaline continental arc-related magmatism. We concluded that uranium enrichment in the tuffaceous layer was supported by oxidation–reduction.     

Hyperspectral estimation model of soil Pb content and its applicability in different soil types

Acta Geochimica - In order to obtain Pb content in soil quickly and efficiently, a multivariate linear regression (MLR) and a principal component regression (PCR) Pb content estimation model were...     

全球GNSS掩星计划进展

主要介绍了国际上GNSS掩星计划（包括GPS／MET、Orsted、Sunsat、SAC-C、CHAMP、GRACE、FedSat、COSMIC、METOP和ACE＋计划）发展现状、科学任务及系统组成、取得的进展以及未来的发展趋势。通过总结指出,自GPS／MET计划实施后,掩星探测技术逐步完善并向业务化运用迈出了一大步;今后GNSS掩星探测将向多星探测和混合探测方向发展,国际化合作成为项目的开发和研制趋势     

浙江富硒土壤资源调查与评价

浙江省农业地质环境调查发现,浙北、浙东、浙中地区富硒土壤呈大面积分布。不同类型土壤中,以石灰岩土硒含量最高,黄壤和红壤硒含量次之;不同类型成土母质中,以残坡积物硒含量相对较高;不同类型岩石中,以石英砂岩、硅质岩和中深变质岩硒含量较高,高于中国东部地壳丰度值。富硒土壤主要分布于富硒岩石和煤系地层区。硒多富集在土壤表层,由地表向深部含量迅速下降。根据土壤背景值和硒生态景观分级标准,建立了富硒土壤评价标准,划分硒含量等级区,圈定了浙江省富硒土壤分布。