嫦娥一号IIM数据应用处理流程分析

对嫦娥一号干涉成像光谱仪（IIM）数据的特点进行了分析,并就存在的一些问题提出了解决方案,制定了IIM数据应用处理流程,为该数据的正确使用提供方法参考。研究结果表明,在空间域传感器左侧响应偏低,右侧响应偏高;在波谱域长波段响应存在较大偏差。经过绝对定标和辐射畸变校正后的反射率与地基望远镜光谱匹配良好,可以用于应用研究。利用校正后的数据对Aristarchus地区岩石类型开展初步研究的结果表明,该地区在纵向和横向上都存在岩性的多样性。校正后的图像不仅提高了分类精度,还被识别出撞击坑可能存在的滑坡。嫦娥一号IIM能够在全球、区域和局部尺度上以较高的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率获取月表元素和矿物成分信息,有助于深化对月球形成和演化的认识。     

Zircon U–Pb age and Hf isotope evidence for contrasting origin of bimodal protoliths for ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling project

A combined study of zircon morphology, U–Pb ages and Hf isotopes as well as whole‐rock major and trace elements was carried out for ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) eclogite and felsic gneiss from the main hole (MH) of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) project in the Sulu orogen. The results show contrasting Hf isotope compositions for bimodal UHP metaigneous rocks, pointing to contrasting origins for their protoliths (thus dual‐bimodal compositions). The samples of interest were from two continuous core segments from CCSD MH at depths of 734.21–737.16 m (I) and 929.67–932.86 m (II) respectively. Zircon U–Pb dating for four samples from the two core segments yields two groups of ages at 784 ± 17 and 222 ± 3 Ma, respectively, corresponding to protolith formation during supercontinental rifting and metamorphic growth during continental collision. Although the Triassic UHP metamorphism significantly reset the zircon U–Pb system of UHP rocks, the Hf isotope compositions of igneous zircon can be used to trace their protolith origin. Contrasting types of initial Hf isotope ratios are, respectively, correlated with segments I and II, regardless of their lithochemistry. The first type shows positive ?_Hf(t) values of 7.8 ± 3.1 to 6.0 ± 3.0, with young Hf model age of 1.03 and 1.11 Ga. The second type exhibits negative ?_Hf(t) values of ?6.9 ± 1.6 to ?9.1 ± 1.1, with old Hf model ages of 2.11 and 2.25 Ga. It appears that the UHP rocks from the two segments have protoliths of contrasting origin. Consistent results are also obtained from their trace element compositions suggesting that mid‐Neoproterozoic protoliths of bimodal UHP metaigneous rocks formed during supercontinental rifting at the northern margin of the South China Block. Thus, the first type of bimodal magmatism formed by rapid reworking of juvenile crust, whereas the second type of bimodal magmatism was principally generated by rift anatexis of Paleoproterozoic crust. Melting of orogenic lithosphere has potential to bring about bimodal magmatism with contrasting origins. Because arc–continent collision zones are the best place to accumulate both juvenile and ancient crusts, the contrasting types of bimodal magmatism are proposed to occur in an arc–continent collision orogen during the supercontinental rifting, in response to the attempted breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia at c. 780 Ma.     

变形预测的逆多元统计模型

测量和预测目标点的空间变形是掌握变形体稳定性的重要手段,本文论证了逆多元统计预测模型用于滑坡的稳定性分析,利用变形点的空间三维移动量模拟时间的变化特征,与正常的时间序列进行对比,检验变形体的稳定性。并结合实例说明了在滑坡变形分析中逆多元统计模型的实用性和可靠性。     

Diurnal variation of nitric oxide emission flux from a mangrove wetland in Zhangjiang River Estuary,China

The diurnal variation of nitric oxide (NO) emission fluxes from a Kandelia obovata and Avicennia marina mangrove wetland were studied in the Zhangjiang River Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve using a dynamic chamber-based technique and a chemiluminescent analyzer. Results from field experiments show that NO emission from K. obovata and A. marina sampling sites reached maximal values of 1.07 ng N m⁻² s⁻¹ and 1.23 ng N m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively after the night tide. Meanwhile NO emission maintained at a steady lower level in daytime for both wetland sites. In laboratory experiments, NO emission from the mangrove wetland soil samples treated with simulated tides in the darkness exhibited higher values than those in the light, therefore it seems that tides and darkness could increase NO emission from mangrove wetlands, while intensive light, high temperature, and dryness in the daytime decreased NO emission. Compared with K. obovata soil samples, the diurnal average NO emission rate of the A. marina site was significantly higher, which was closely related to relatively higher diurnal average CO₂ emission rate, soil available nitrogen content and soil net nitrification rate of the A. marina site. Moreover, soil samples of the A. marina site were more responsive to simulated tides and the addition of nitrogen than those of the K. obovata site.     

赤潮微藻对指状许水蚤生殖、生长和发育的影响

在实验室条件下研究了4种赤潮微藻:中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashi-wo)、塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)和东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)以及赤潮异弯藻不同组分对海洋桡足类指状许水蚤(Schmackeria inopinus)生殖、生长和发育的影响。结果表明:(1)4种赤潮微藻能够显著延迟指状许水蚤的抱卵时间并导致抱卵率的降低(P0.05),塔玛亚历山大藻、东海原甲藻和赤潮异弯藻导致指状许水蚤卵囊发育所需时间和抱卵间隔时间的明显延长(P0.05),与对照组相比差异显著;(2)4种赤潮微藻明显抑制了指状许水蚤的发育过程(P0.05),其中赤潮异弯藻作用最为显著;(3)赤潮异弯藻4种组分:细胞液、细胞破碎液、细胞过滤液和细胞重悬浮液均能够延迟指状许水蚤抱卵时间,降低其抱卵率,同时藻细胞过滤液、藻细胞重悬浮液和藻细胞液显著延长了指状许水蚤卵囊发育时间和抱卵间隔时间(P0.05);4种组分均可对指状许水蚤的发育产生明显影响(P0.05),但只有藻细胞液对其生长影响显著(P0.05)。结果表明,4种赤潮微藻均能对指状许水蚤的生殖、生长和发育过程产生不利影响,进而对其生活史特征和种群数量产生影响。     

长江口及毗邻海域粪大肠菌和细菌总数在夏秋季的变化

2005年夏、秋季对长江口及毗邻海域(长江口、杭州湾和舟山海域)进行了粪大肠菌群和细菌总数的调查研究,并分析了近10年来的变化趋势,结果表明:夏季长江口及毗邻海域表层水体分大肠菌数平均值20个/L,仅长江口的西部海域粪大肠菌群数量在40~80个/L之间,其余海域基本未检出;秋季表层水体粪大肠菌群数量平均为101个/L,变幅范围为20~24000个/L,其中横沙一带海域存在1个数量为105个/L以上的高值区;夏季长江口及毗邻海域表层水体细菌总数平均为6.4×102cfu/mL,变幅范围为2.0×102~7.3×103cfu/mL,高值区位于舟山群岛以东海域、长江口的中北部及南部等海域,细菌总数在103cfu/mL以上;秋季表层水体细菌总数平均为4.7×103cfu/mL,明显高于夏季,变幅范围为1.3×103~1.8×104cfu/mL,高值区主要出现在长江口东南部、杭州湾西部、舟山海区的中北部等海域,细菌总数在104~105cfu/mL之间;1996—2005年期间,全海域及各海区粪大肠菌群数量在1999年均达到最高,然后逐渐下降,在1996—1999年间海域的细菌数量呈明显的上升趋势,2000年以后数量逐渐减少,估计与海域的有机污染程度下降有关。     

代理协助P2P-VoD系统中基于缓存状态的服务节点选择策略

研究P2P-VoD系统中提供流媒体服务的公平性问题,提出基于缓存状态的DRPS(Data Receiving Peers as Suppliers)服务节点选择策略,并设计基于DRPS的预分配调度算法PSA(Preassign Scheduling Algorithm)。首先根据缓存状态将节点分类,再结合节点的可用带宽和可用概率进行排序,优先从RS(Receiving Set)节点类中选择服务提供者,最后由客户端执行PSA算法。仿真实例表明该策略的有效性。     

Effects of engineering geological condition on response of suspension bridges

The geological condition may vary largely from one support to another for a long span bridge. The effect of geological variability and spatial variation produced by propagation and coherence loss of seismic ground motion on the response of long span suspension bridges is investigated in this article. The case of Jiangyin Yangtse River Bridge, a suspension bridge with a main span of 1385 m, is studied in detail. Numerical results show that the geological difference at the supports has a significant effect on the seismic response of long span suspension bridges and, that it is unacceptable to neglect the difference. The effect of the propagation of seismic ground motion on the response of long span suspension bridges is far more important than that of the coherence loss. The response of bridges varies greatly with the horizontal apparent velocity in a very complex way, and there is a critical horizontal velocity for a given response quantity.     

Geochemical study on oil-cracked gases and kerogen-cracked gases (II)—Discrimination methods between oil-cracked gases and kerogen-cracked gases

In the processes of discrimination between oil-cracked gases and kerogen-cracked gases, Behar and Pinzgofer et al.’s results were adopted in the former researches, in which the ratio of C₂/C₃ is basically a constant while the ratio of C₁/C₂ gradually increases in the course of primary cracking of kerogen. Otherwise in the course of secondary cracking of oil, the ratio of C₂/C₃ increases rapidly while C₁/C₂ keeps relatively stable. Our study on analogue experiment shows that, whether it is oil or kerogen, in its process of gas generating by cracking, the ratios of C₂/C₃, C₁/C₂ or C₁/C₃ will all be increased with the growth of thermal conditions. In comparison, the ratio of C₂/C₃, which is affected by genetic type to some comparatively less extent, mainly responds to the maturity of gases, while the value of C₂/C₃ is about 2, and that of C₂/iC₄ is about 10, and the corresponding value of R _o is about 1.5%–1.6%. The influence of gas source on C₂/C₃ is less than that of gas maturity, otherwise C₁/C₂ (or C₁/C₃) is obviously affected by cracking matrices. The ratios of C₁/C₂, C₁/C₃ of oil-cracked gases are less than that of kerogen-cracked gases, under the condition that the ratios of C₂/C₃ are similar in value, so are the value of dryness indexes. There exists wide diffidence between this view and the former discrimination method in theory. The analysis of the spot sample indicates that we can apply the above basic view to dealing efficiently with the problem of the discrimination between oil-cracked gas and kerogen-cracked gas.

     

我国测绘卫星的发展思路和应用展望

国家测绘局经过多年的研究开发,已基本形成了卫星测图的科学生产工艺,对于更大程度上发挥卫星遥感应用潜力起到了积极推动作用。为适应遥感技术的发展,国家测绘局已经于2005年编制了《测绘部门十一五航天规划(草案)》,测绘卫星计划包括研制发射我国自主的测绘系列卫星和建立自主版权的测绘卫星综合应用服务体系。高分辨率测绘系列卫星包括:高分辨率光学立体测图卫星、干涉雷达卫星、激光测高卫星和重力卫星等。随着我国航天事业和卫星制造技术的蓬勃发展,未来的卫星测绘应用能力将得到进一步加强。