甘肃红石山地区蛇绿混杂岩地质特征

红石山蛇绿混杂岩产出于塔里木板块北缘红石山深大断裂带中。其物质组成反映出该杂岩形成于小洋盆环境。时代为早石炭世晚期，后经历了至少3期构造变形变质作用的叠加与改造。于二叠纪晚期运移至地表。作者进一步论述了红石山蛇绿岩的组成及变形变质特征，为研究北山北带提供了最新资料。     

2003年伽师6.8级地震序列特征和震源机制的初步研究

在位于1997-1998年新疆伽师9次6级地震分布区域的东南端，2003年2月24日又发生6．8级地震。结合伽师6．8级地震序列震源机制解结果，对该地震序列的基本特征和震源区应力降等进行了对比分析。结果表明，6．8级地震断层是在北西向的区域应力场挤压作用下产生的倾滑逆断层，震源以单侧破裂为主，破裂方向与极震区走向，以及北西向的主压应力方向一致。震前震源区应力显著增强，震后应力释放较为彻底。中强余震震源机制解与主震有明显差异，表现出震源区应力场处于不稳定的调整阶段，余震震源机制的差异为震后地震趋势的判定提供了依据。     

基于结构光与核线的匹配方法研究

摄影测量与计算机视觉中,同名点的匹配是难点.本文提出基于结构光与核线的同名点匹配方法,简化了对于某些特定物体测量时的匹配问题,方法简单快速,出错率低.本文试验中利用OpenGL模拟无纹理人物头像,用该方法进行立体匹配,取得良好的效果.     

电子地图数据管理系统的设计与实现

电子地图数据的管理是一项细致、繁琐的基础性工作,对其管理是否科学、高效将直接影响数据的提供和服务,建立实用的数据管理系统辅助管理,以提高效率,从而提供更好的服务。本文从数据源、存储设备编号、系统构架、数据库设计、系统功能与应用等多个方面介绍电子地图数据管理系统的设计和实现。     

Reinforcing a Dangerous Rock Mass Using the Flexible Network Method

Because the main failure type of a dangerous rock mass is collapse, the treatment of such a mass should focus on controlling collapse failure. When treating dangerous rock masses, disturbing the mass （e. g. by blasting） needs to be avoided, as this new damage could cause collapse. So the self-bearing capacity of the mountain mass must be used to treat the dangerous rock mass. This article is based on a practical example of the control of a dangerous rock mass at Banyan Mountain, Huangshi, Hubei Province. On the basis of an analysis of damage mechanism and the stability of the dangerous rock mass, a flexible network reinforcement method was designed to prevent the collapse of the rock mass. The deformations of section Ⅱ w of the dangerous rock mass before and after the flexible network reinforcement were calculated using the two-dimensional finite element method. The results show that the maximum deformation reduced by 55 % after the application of the flexible network reinforcement, from 45.99 to 20.75 ram, which demonstrates that the flexible network method is effective, and can provide some scientific basis for the treatment of dangerous rock masses.     

基于神经网络的元胞自动机及模拟复杂土地利用系统

本文提出了基于神经网络的元胞自动机(CellularAutomata),并将其用来模拟复杂的土地利用系统及其演变。国际上已经有许多利用元胞自动机进行城市模拟的研究,但这些模型往往局限于模拟从非城市用地到城市用地的转变。模拟多种土地利用的动态系统比一般模拟城市演化要复杂得多,需要使用许多空间变量和参数,而确定模型的参数值和模型结构有很大困难。本文通过神经网络、元胞自动机和GIS相结合来进行土地利用的动态模拟,并利用多时相的遥感分类图像来训练神经网络,能十分方便地确定模型参数和模型结构,消除常规模拟方法所带来的弊端。     

企鹅粪土层中石英砂表面的化学溶蚀形貌及实验模拟

利用电镜扫描的方法分析了南极阿德雷岛Y2湖企鹅粪土沉积层中石英砂微形貌的特征,发现在企鹅粪含量高的沉积层中石英砂表面具有明显的碗状溶蚀坑等化学溶蚀特征,这一溶蚀特征在Y2湖企鹅粪含量低的沉积层和研究区的其他未受企鹅粪影响的沉积环境中均未明显出现。为了揭示这一特殊化学溶蚀现象的作用机制,根据Y2湖企鹅粪土沉积层自然沉积环境,通过条件实验确定在实验室内使用酸性较高的氟溶液(1mol.L-1HF溶液)对石英砂进行溶蚀实验,通过对比分析发现,实验室模拟条件下可以得到与企鹅粪土沉积层中石英砂相近的表面微形貌特征,这表明它们是在相似的过程中形成的。企鹅粪土沉积层酸性高氟环境中可能存在的HF酸化学溶蚀作用是形成企鹅粪土层中石英砂表面特有溶蚀坑的主要原因。在南极特殊的自然条件下碗状溶蚀坑与企鹅粪之间存在一定的因果关系,从而使石英砂的表面微形貌分析成为南极企鹅生态研究的一种新的辅助手段。     

中亚地区现代表土磁学特征及其古环境意义*

在中国西北地区主要沙漠、绿洲和戈壁及蒙古国南部戈壁等亚洲中部粉尘源区采集了表土(包括沙漠和土壤)样品,系统分析了样品的磁学性质(包括磁化率、无磁滞磁化率、等温剩磁、磁滞回线和热磁曲线)。结果表明,中亚地区表土样品中主要磁性矿物是铁磁矿,含有赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿,并伴有少量顺磁性矿物;磁性矿物粒度主要是准单畴(PSD)和多畴(MD),超顺磁性颗粒含量较低,接近于中国西部黄土地层含量。中亚地区表土磁性矿物含量总体都较低,磁性矿物含量在空间上与降雨量成正比。研究结果指示西部地区(准噶尔盆地和南部塔里木盆地)表土样品较北部地区(鄂尔多斯高原、阿拉善高原以及蒙古高原)表土样品,其粗颗粒磁性矿物含量高,而细颗粒磁性矿物含量低。本研究结果为黄土地层古土壤磁性增强源自成土过程提供了最直接的证据。     

基于支持向量机的元胞自动机及土地利用变化模拟

提出了利用遥感数据，并采用支持向量机来确定元胞自动机非线性转换规则的新方法。元胞自动机在模拟复杂地理现象时，需要采用非线性转换规则。目前元胞自动机主要采用线性方法来获取转换规则，在反映复杂的非线性地理现象时有一定的局限性。以城市扩张的模拟为例，将模拟城市系统的主要特征变量映射到Hilbert空间后，通过SVM建立最优分割超平面，分割超平面的分类决策函数由径向基核（Radial Basis Kernel）构造。利用历史遥感数据校正超平面的决策函数，确定城市元胞自动机的非线性转换规则，计算出城市发展概率。利用所提出的方法，对深圳市1988-2010年的城市发展进行了模拟，取得了较理想的模拟效果。研究结果表明，基于SVM-CA模型的模拟精度比传统MCE方法模拟精度高，MoranⅠ指数与实际更为接近。     

The species diversity of fusulinaceans and high-frequency sea-level changes in the Carboniferous-Permian boundary section at Xikou, Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province, China

The study on the interrelation between sea-level changes and biodiversity with its evolution has great significance for understanding the impact of global changes on organic evolution and exploring the inherent laws of life-environment coevolution in geological history. In this paper, the stratigraphic distribution of fusulinacean fauna in the Carboniferous-Permian boundary section at Xikou, Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province, is analyzed quantitatively, and the relationship between the species diversity of fusulinaceans and relative sea-level changes is discussed. As a whole, the species numbers of fusulinacean fauna experience a rapid increase and an obvious decline in Xikou, Zhen’an County, from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian. There is a significant increase in species diversity around the Carboniferous-Permian boundary, which is one of the biggest bio-events of the fusulinacean fauna, and represents the radiation of Pseudoschwagerininae subfamily in the studied area. Integrated fusulinacean species diversity into sequence stratigraphic framework, detailed study suggests that the species diversity of the fusulinaceans is closely related to its relative stratigraphic location, and is essentially controlled by the sea-level changes, especially by the high-frequency sea-level changes. Generally, the species diversity of fusulinaceans is low, and the number of first and last appearance datum is small in the lower unit of high-frequency depositional cycle formed during the quick rise of the sea level; whereas the species diversity of fusulinaceans is high, and the number of first and last appearance datum is large in the upper unit of high-frequency cycle formed during the slow fall of the sea level. Within the third-order depositional sequence, the species diversity of the fusulinaceans at the first flooding surfaces and the maximum flooding surfaces is low, and it increases upward. The fusulinacean species diversity is low within the transgressive systems track, and it is high within the highstand systems track. The second-order rise and fall in sea level coincide with the bloom and decline of high order taxa of fusulinaceans.