基于典型事例推理的路径规划方法研究(英文)

Case-based reasoning is an AI technique in which the previous solutions are stored for future use. People are used to guiding themselves according to those routes that are stored in their memories and have been used by them before. It is just based on people’s preference to familiar routes, which are gained through the study of the cognitive activities. We propose to apply the intelligent method based on the case reasoning to path planning. It is impossible for a case base to store all the solutions to all the shortest paths; therefore, part of them should be stored. However, which routes should be stored and which should not be? How do we adapt the cases that have already been stored and how do we acquire the shortest route based on them? All these issues need to be explained by integrating knowledge of the network on account of case-based reasoning techniques. This paper suggests the case-based reasoning in another point. This means finding some irreplaceable links on the basis of the complete analysis of the problems space, which are called the must_be_passed link between the source and destination. Merely compute the shortest path case from those best exit/entry nodes of the grids to the irreplaceable links, and then add them into the case base storing for future use. This method is based on case-based reasoning technique and completely considers the properties of the problem space. In addition to the use of knowledge of the natural grid in the route network, this method is more efficient than existing algorithms on computing efficiency.     

高精度正立方玻璃体干涉检测方案设计

锥体棱镜作为各种测距仪的附件，属高精度光学元件，且其精度高低对测距仪测距精度影响很大。不少生产厂家在加工中普遍采用先加工出一个正立方体，而后在顶角处斜切出锥体棱镜的加工方法。本文详细讨论了用干涉法检测正立方体各项质量指标，特别提出了利用封闭多边形内角之和恒定的原理消除干涉系统的系统误差，从而使对二面直角的测量可达极高精度。     

硅藻土表面酸位及其来源探讨

用红外、拉曼谱学方法探讨了硅藻土表面酸位，并分析了其来源。结果表明，硅藻土表面有限的Lewis酸位来源于矿样中的少量粘土矿物。其表面的Brφnsted酸位也很稀少，这是由于大部分表面羟基是非质子酸性。     

中国地表热源的气候学特征

利用研制的地表热量平衡各分量的气候计算方法，结合全国６个热平衡站资料，计算并讨论了地表热源在全国的分布特征，分析了地面对大气加热的特点以及地表热源的参数化问题。指出季风气候背景、纬度、地形和地表湿润状况是决定地表热源特征的重要因素。就全年来说，在我国湿润、半湿润地区，潜热是地面加热大气的主要形式，西北干燥区则以感热加热为主。     

CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTH-ATMOSPHERE OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION OVER CHINA

ERBE and ISCCP data are used to investigate the cloud forcing and latitude and atmospheric temperature effectson outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)in the earth-atmosphere system,and the similarity of OLR field to 500 hPa andsurface effective radiation fields.Also,discussion is taken up of the OLR distribution on a nationwide basis,indicatingthat the winter(summer)OLR pattern is roughly a zonal type(asymmetrical saddle)with the annual pattern analogousto the January one.In the end the yearly OLR variation features are addressed on a regional basis.     

环境压力对相机内方位元素的影响

本文依据光学原理分析了环境压力对相机内方位元素的影响，并采用光学设计计算和检定测试两种方法进行了实验，得出了相机所处环境压力不同，其检定主距将产生较大改变的结论。作者还通过研究目前卫星摄影测量相机低压检定方法，揭示出相机低压检定结果含有测试条件下的大气折射作用。文末作者就卫星摄影测量如何使用相机低压检定值提出了看法。     

岫玉的穆斯鲍尔谱、电子顺磁共振谱和红外光谱特征

本文采用X射线衍射、化学分析、穆斯鲍尔诺、EPR谱和红外光谱，对不同颜色的岫岩玉（岫玉）进行了测试。测试结果如下：绿色岫玉主要由叶蛇纹石组成，黄色岫玉由叶蛇纹石和利蛇纹石组成。穆斯鲍尔谱显示出Fe2＋和Fe3＋的两个双吸收特征。Fe2＋：化学位移为1．122mm／s，四极分裂为2.701～2.721mm／s，占据八面体位置；Fe3＋：化学位移为0．155～0.355mm／s，四极矩为0．337～0．470mm／s，占据四面体位置。电子顺磁共振谱显示出中心场0．336T附近，存在一个具有超精细结构的六重吸收，g≈2．0，与处于八面体上的高自旋Mn2＋有关。在低场区（0．16T附近），出现两个吸收线，g分别为4．29和3．88，与处于四面体位置的Fe3＋有关。红外光谱显示出与叶蛇纹石有关的OH－振动吸收带（3665～3670cm－1）；在3690～3680cm－1间显示出与利蛇纹石有关的吸收肩。1070，980cm－1出现Si－O振动吸收，另尚有5个吸收带（610，560，445，400，300cm－1）。随着绿色的加重和质量的提高，岫玉中Fe2＋和Mn2＋的浓度也增加。证实了岫玉的绿色与Fe2＋→Fe3＋的荷移有关，岫玉的黄色与O2－→Fe3＋荷移有关。     

中国土壤热通量的气候计算及其分布特征

根据北京等6个热平衡站的资料，通过5种方案计算比较得出土壤热通量Qs动的气候计算方法Qs＝2．826·△θs-20＋0．486·△T－0．777这里△θs-20、△T分别为土中5与20厘米温差和地一气温差．该式相关比为0．897，平均拟合误差1．4wm-2。据此计算全国215站的土中热交换量，并分析其时空变化，得出一些有意义的结果。     

农田风状况及其模式

本文讨论了农田中风速的水平和铅直分布的基本规律性。指出农田植被中的风速廓线具有上下不对称的“S”型分布。分析了农田植被中风速水平和铅直分布廓线常见模式的缺点,在理论分析和经验拟合的基础上提出了新的描述农田植被中风速的通用模式。按此模式计算的平均风速,无论水平分布或铅直廓线都与实际情况比较一致。     

植被内水平风速脉动特征

利用QDF型热线微风仪在农田植被内进行了水平风速脉动的观测。初步认为,植被内水平风速脉动具有比裸地湍流度大、脉动强度小、短周期振动强、湍流积分尺度小的特征,且随时间变化平稳,其时间结构函数基本符合“2/3”幂律(τ≤16秒)。