Earthquake response analyses of a full‐scale five‐story steel frame equipped with two types of dampers

The seismic performance tests of a full‐scale five‐story passively controlled steel building were conducted on the E‐Defense shaking table in Japan in March 2009. Before the tests, a blind prediction contest was held to allow researchers and practitioners from all over the world to construct analytical models and predict the dynamic responses of the steel frame specimen equipped with buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) or viscous dampers (VDs). This paper presents the details of two refined prediction models made and results obtained before the tests. When the proposed analytical modeling techniques are adopted as in the two refined prediction models, the overall prediction accuracy is about 90%. Sensitivity studies conducted after the tests are also presented in this paper. The effects of varying each modeling feature on the response simulation accuracy have been investigated. The analytical results suggest that considering concrete full‐composite actions for beam members could improve prediction accuracy by about 20% against using the simplified bare steel beam model. Adopting refined BRB stiffness computed from incorporating finite‐element gusset stiffness only improves the overall prediction accuracy by 0.9%. Considering the BRB dynamic loading test results for analytical BRB strength reduces the error by 1.9%. For the VD frame, incorporating the brace and VD stiffness could improve the overall prediction accuracy by about 15%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A PRIMARY RECOGNITION ON THE CLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ICE CORE ISOTOPE RECORD IN NAIMONA'NYI OF WEST TIBETAN PLATEAU

纳木那尼冰川是喜马拉雅山西部地区规模较大的冰川之一,也是开展冰芯气候意义研究有重要潜在价值的冰川.但由于纳木那尼冰川位于西风环流和印度季风影响范围的交界带,不同的环流系统所输送的水汽带来不同的降水稳定同位素信号.因此确定纳木那尼冰芯同位素记录的气候意义是开展该地区冰芯气候记录研究的前提条件.2008年在该冰川积累区所钻取的8.78m浅冰芯为这一研究工作提供了可能.本文对该冰芯的稳定同位素记录以及普兰气象站的气象数据进行了分析与讨论.研究结果表明,同位素的年际变化与当地普兰县气象站气温的年际变化具有较好的对应关系.这可能与当地降水受到夏季季风的影响较小有关.测量结果表明早期的深冰芯钻取点位于冰川的消融区,而冰川的积累区仍位于冰川更高的区域,而且积累区冰川厚度更大,更有可能保存更长时间尺度的冰芯记录.这也为以后开展新的纳木那尼深孔冰芯及气候意义研究提供了借鉴.     

南京栖霞山铅锌矿区铅同位素示踪

南京栖霞山铅锌矿已开采50余年,环境问题日益突出。为了了解污染来源和污染传播方式,采集了该地水、土、植物、大气沉降、燃油灰尘、矿石、人血和生物等多种样品进行重金属元素含量和铅同位素示踪分析。结果表明矿区重金属污染严重,且污染随着靠近矿区而逐渐加重,重金属元素Pb、As、Cd、Cu、Zn之间相关性明显,初步反映了污染与矿山有关;同位素分析显示,矿区大气沉降样品、大部分植物样品、部分土壤和部分生物样品铅同位素组成与矿石铅同位素组成相似,证实了污染源为矿山。另外,大气沉降与植物样品铅含量高且它们的铅同位素组成相当,反映了大气沉降是污染传播方式之一。     

The contribution of organic and mineral colloidal nanoparticles to element transport in a podzol soil

The aim of this work is to analyze the size-distribution and composition of nanoparticles in a water-extract of a podzol B horizon. AsFlowFFF coupled to ICP–MS and a UV/VIS detector was used for particle fractionation and simultaneous measurement of the composition of the nanoparticles. Detected nanoparticles were organic and mineral particles; the mineral particles were dominated by clay and Fe-(hydr)oxides. Both organic- and inorganic particles contributed to the mobility of Fe, Al, trace metals and P. For Zn, Pb and P respectively 73%, 92% and 72% of the colloidal concentrations were associated with clay minerals. The large contribution of clay particles to the mobility of trace metals and P can be partly explained by the high amount of dispersed clay due to drying, sieving and rewetting of the soil. Inorganic nanoparticles can contribute significantly to the mobility of metals and P in soils.     

Numerical Modeling of Hydraulic Fractures Interaction in Complex Naturally Fractured Formations

A recently developed unconventional fracture model (UFM) is able to simulate complex fracture network propagation in a formation with pre-existing natural fractures. A method for computing the stress shadow from fracture branches in a complex hydraulic fracture network (HFN) based on an enhanced 2D displacement discontinuity method with correction for finite fracture height is implemented in UFM and is presented in detail including approach validation and examples. The influence of stress shadow effect from the HFN generated at previous treatment stage on the HFN propagation and shape at new stage is also discussed.     

川西龙泉山西坡更新世泥石流的发现及其意义

在川西地区龙泉山西坡首次发现了第四纪泥石流沉积。泥石流沉积相组合为AA1B、AA1C、AA1,反映泥石流为洪积扇扇中沉积组合,具有粘性泥石流的沉积特征。ESR测年及孢粉化石组合特征表明泥石流沉积于早-中更新世温暖湿润的气候环境下。龙泉山泥石流的形成反映了龙泉山早-中更新世之交的构造隆升,以及四川盆地盆地期夷平面的解体,是对早-中更新世之交青藏高原的隆起、季风的加强、暴雨式降水出现的沉积响应,对于研究四川盆地西部及青藏高原东缘第四纪构造运动及古气候特征具有重要的意义。     

中国三稀矿产资源战略调查研究进展综述

三稀资源是稀土、稀有和稀散资源的统称。"三稀矿产资源战略调查研究"项目启动以来,研究了全球三稀资源的分布、产出特征及其开发现状、选冶技术与市场供需状况;发现中国重稀土资源消耗过快,关键性稀散金属的利用水平有待提高,部分稀有金属亟待发现新的矿产地;同时,中国三稀资源利用的质量不高,高附加值产品少,采选回收率低;现场实地调研也表明中国离子吸附型稀土矿区还存在证外采矿和环境污染问题。在地质理论研究方面,通过成矿规律研究发现离子吸附型稀土矿的母岩体可以扩展到燕山晚期花岗岩以外的地区,内生稀有稀土资源的形成具有时空分离的趋势。在技术方面,项目组把高分辨率遥感技术应用到三稀资源的监管工作,并全面更新了三稀元素的分析测试技术,取得了显著成效。此外,所提出的分单矿种评价、管理稀土资源、修改三稀资源勘查规范、设立复合型三稀资源矿种以及水化学技术调查监测三稀矿山的生产状况和环境污染等建议和新思路,都具有现实意义。在找矿部署方面,项目组根据三稀资源的综合特点,认为应建立稀有资源的整装勘查区、稀土资源的规划区、稀散资源的综合利用示范区,甘肃、四川、福建等地已取得初步找矿进展。     

成都粘土地球化学特征及其对物源和风化强度的指示

提要：成都平原晚更新世成都粘土地球化学分析表明,不同剖面样品的化学组成具有较好的一致性,以SiO2（平均75.24%）、Al2O3（平均14.12%）、Fe2O3（平均5.81%）为主,地球化学特征与UCC基本相似。与北方黄土相比,成都粘土具有较高的TiO2/Al2O3、Zr/Al、Zr/Ti和Y/Al以及较低的Eu/Eu?鄢、LaN/SmN和LaN/YbN比值,这些特征与成都平原第四系深层土壤样品组成一致,表明成都粘土来源于当地,与北方黄土物源不同。成都粘土CIA平均值为78.59,高于北方黄土平均值（69.34）,经历了中期的K迁移阶段,在风化过程中Ca、Na、Mg和K是主要的活动性元素。与北方黄土相比,成都粘土Na、Mg、K和Ca亏损较大,表明经历了更强的化学风化。     

2006年乌苏MS5.1地震前后北天山地倾斜资料异常分析

分析了2006年11月23日新疆乌苏Ms5.1地震前后距震中250 km范围内的北天山地倾斜观测资料.认为2005年初以来绝大多数测项存在明显的准同步性趋势异常,以趋势性加速E倾、N倾为主,地震发生在大多数异常结束并出现返向加速变化之后,少数在趋势性E倾、N倾过程中;空间上愈接近震中,异常开始时间愈早,异常测项也较为集中.与以往震例比较该次地震前中短期和短临异常不明显,震后绝大多数趋势异常仍在持续,可能表明北天山地区依然存在发生中强地震的背景.     

哈萨克斯坦卡帕尔-阿拉善4号井氦气（He）含量映震特征

介绍了哈萨克斯坦卡帕尔-阿拉善4号井的水文地球化学环境,分析其17年氦气（He）含量变化映震特征,氦气（He）变化的地震前兆异常表现为：上升（或下降）幅度、速率变化超出正常范围,具有较好的重复性,测值遵循的是,背景值－趋势性上升（或突升）,趋势性下降（或突降）－恢复至背景值的变化过程。将该井氦气（He）观测数据经过滤波、差分处理后,以3倍均方差作为异常识别标准,结果表明：氦气（He）对监测点周围300km范围5级地震、400km范围6级地震的对映率分别为100％、66．7％,是较好的地震前兆手段之一。