Isozyme Analysis of Spotted Halibut Verasper variegatus Temminck et Schlegel

To investigate the tissue-specificities of isozymes and the genetic structure of wild spotted halibut ( Verasper variegatus) population, horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was performed on 45 individuals collected in part of the Yellow Sea. The performances of 17 isozymes in 8 kinds of tissues or organs were screened preliminarily in a TC-7.0 buffer system. The results showed that the screened isozymes displayed remarkable tissue-specificities. Finally, 14 enzymes (AAT, ADH, EST, GPI, G3PDH, IDHP, LAP, LDH, MDH, MPI, PGDH, PGM, SDH and SOD) and 4 kinds of tissues (eye, skeleton muscle, liver and heart) were selected for genetic analysis. Fourteen isozymes are encoded by 20 loci, and 9 of them are poly-morphic. The polymorphic loci are AAT-1*, GPI-2*, G3PDH*, IDHP-1*, LDH*, MPI*, PGM-1*, PGM-2* and SDH*, and the proportion of polymorphic loci is 0.450 0 (P0.99). The mean values of observed and expected heterozygosities are 0.027 8 and 0.026 5, respectively and the average effective number of alleles is 1.067 5.     

Agricultural labor changes and agricultural economic development in China and their implications for rural vitalization

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Based on panel data from 1991, 2000 and 2010 at the county level in China, this study analyzed the coupling characteristics and spatio-temporal patterns of...     

南京城市义务教育设施空间演化

选取规模、质量、可达性和承载压力等指标,综合运用Zipf对数模型、G指数、差异判别系数及路网测度技术等方法研究南京城市义务教育设施的空间演化。结果表明：① 义务教育设施总体规模在扩大,但小学规模差异缩小,初级中学则扩大。中心城区和郊区的规模差异呈现不同特征。② 义务教育质量总体表现出空间扩散态势,核心-边缘结构依然明显存在,行政区内极化现象突出。③ 义务教育设施的时间可达性总体降低,学区划分对可达性公平存在重大影响。④ 由于人口年龄结构和设施布局变化,除江宁区和建邺区外的多数地区义务教育承载压力明显减轻。     

Fractional vegetation cover estimation in heterogeneous areas by combining a radiative transfer model and a dynamic vegetation model

ABSTRACT

A fractional vegetation cover (FVC) estimation method incorporating a vegetation growth model and a radiative transfer model was previously developed, which was suitable for FVC estimation in homogeneous areas because the finer-resolution pixels corresponding to one coarse-resolution FVC pixel were all assumed to have the same vegetation growth model. However, this assumption does not hold over heterogeneous areas, meaning that the method cannot be applied to large regions. Therefore, this study proposes a finer spatial resolution FVC estimation method applicable to heterogeneous areas using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager reflectance data and Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) FVC product. The FVC product was first decomposed according to the normalized difference vegetation index from the Landsat 8 OLI data. Then, independent dynamic vegetation models were built for each finer-resolution pixel. Finally, the dynamic vegetation model and a radiative transfer model were combined to estimate FVC at the Landsat 8 scale. Validation results indicated that the proposed method (R²?=?0.7757, RMSE?=?0.0881) performed better than either the previous method (R²?=?0.7038, RMSE?=?0.1125) or a commonly used method involving look-up table inversions of the PROSAIL model (R²?=?0.7457, RMSE?=?0.1249).     

舟山渔港风暴潮模拟分析

渔港风暴潮研究对防灾减灾具有重要意义。本文构建了舟山海域嵌套网格的风暴潮模型,经天文潮与风暴潮实测资料验证效果良好。设计5个方向共14条台风路径,计算了2017年8月8?12日大潮期12～17级台风下舟山渔港的风暴潮位。结果表明,由于向岸风作用南侧SE向比北侧E向登陆台风所造成的最高风暴潮位高35.7%,差值可达82 cm;对于两端通海的舟山渔港,南侧0.5R处登陆的SE向台风,风向与东口门朝向一致而跟渔港走向斜交,有利于水体进入并滞留,此时风暴潮位最高。南侧12级台风下ESE、SE、SSE发生漫堤,而北侧登陆台风无漫堤风险,沉降等原因造成海堤防台能力两头低于中段;数值试验显示,若在小干岛东侧设置丁坝,可将17级台风作用下的漫堤概率由26.23%减为10.66%。     

Numerical simulation of micro-bubble drag reduction using population balance model

The phenomenon of drag reduction by the injection of micro-bubbles into turbulent boundary layer has been investigated using an Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model. Multiple-size group (MUSIG) based on population balance models, which resolve a wide range of bubble sizes taking into account the bubble break-up and coalescence have been used for this purpose. The simulated results are compared against the experimental findings of Madavan et al. [1984. Reduction of turbulent skin friction by micro-bubbles. Physics of Fluids 27, 356-363] and also other numerical studies explaining the sophisticated phenomena of drag reduction. For the two Reynolds number cases considered, the buoyancy with the plate on the bottom configuration is investigated, as from the experiments it is seen that buoyancy seem to play a role in the drag reduction. Numerical model employed in the investigation comprises of a micro-bubble laden flow wherein two independent sets of Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) transport equations were used to describe both the phases of the flow. The shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model is used as the turbulent closure for the primary phase and a zero equation turbulence model is used for the micro-bubbles. Change in the mean streamwise velocity profiles, void fraction, turbulence modification and other results are presented and discussed with corresponding change in the gas injection rates. The complex mechanism of drag reduction are scrutinised and explained in context to our numerical findings. Special attentions have been also devoted to divulge the effect of bubble coalescence and break-up caused by random collision and turbulent impact. Numerical results showed good agreement for the skin-friction coefficients against experimental data throughout various air injection rates. The MUSIG model was found to be one of the best candidates to resolve the bubble dynamics in micro-bubble-induced drag reduction problems.     

山地冰川冰消后（paraglacial）沉积的粒度与石英颗粒表面特征——以贡嘎山东坡为例

冰期向间冰期转换或现代全球气候变暖等背景下,冰川一旦退缩就会引发基岩和冰碛边坡失稳,甚至冰川泥石流等冰消后（paraglacial）地表过程;因此,该过程成为驱动原冰川作用区及其下游谷地地貌演化的重要因子。然而,冰消后过程时空变化特征及其驱动因子等相关研究,目前仍面临两方面问题：其一,各种冰消后沉积、冰碛等混杂堆积间判别的手段缺乏;其二,冰消后过程对下游谷地演化影响的关注不足。为此,本文以典型海洋型冰川作用区——贡嘎山东坡的冰碛和冰消后沉积为研究对象,并结合两处大陆型冰川冰碛,探讨了粒度和石英颗粒表面形态特征两个指标区分上述混杂堆积的有效性。结果表明,各种冰消后沉积物继承了源区冰碛的很多特征,但也呈现出一定独特性,指示出这两个指标综合对比的方法能实现各类冰消后沉积、冰碛的有效判别;同时,鉴于冰川性质、冰川作用期次和岩性等因素都可能影响源区冰碛的粒度和石英颗粒表面形态,以这两个指标判别时应限于同区域,避免选用沉积物的共性特征。基于贡嘎山东坡冰碛、各种冰消后沉积物与磨西台地不同层位粒度与石英颗粒表面形态的对比和聚类分析,确认台地底部和中部可能分别为MIS3冰碛与MIS3以来的泥石流沉积,上...     

粤西北印支期太保岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及岩石成因

华南早中生代构造-岩浆演化还存在不同的争议.以广东西北部连山地区晚三叠世含暗色微粒包体(MMEs)的太保岩体为研究对象,进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成研究.4个花岗岩样品的锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为219.8±1.8 Ma、220.5±1.0 Ma、221.5±1...     

一些金矿床地质问题的讨论

金矿床的地质找矿问题是当前广大地学工作者比较关心和注意的问题。本文为作者1987年10月在首届全国冶金地质金矿讨论会上所作的学术报告,经修改补充而成。主要从金矿床的一些地质特征,如岩石、构造、成矿时代、矿源岩和围岩蚀变等方面的特殊性,提出金矿地质找矿问题的一些设想及应该注意的问题,和大家共同讨论。