基于强度折减系数法的基坑数值仿真分析

研究表明,由极限平衡法确定的滑动面、安全系数存在一定误差,强度折减法以弹塑性力学为基础,能准确给出真实稳定系数的下限。本文以武汉某基坑为例,以强度折减法为基础,采用flac软件进行数值仿真分析,提出了基坑支护的方法,经过工程验证,达到了预期的支护效果。     

基于VBA的储层评价数据处理方法

针对储层评价工作中存在数据处理繁琐、易出错的问题,根据参数间的内在关系,利用Excel内嵌的VBA语言编写了储层评价数据处理程序.该程序以井斜数据、井数据、分层数据、砂体数据、测井解释成果表及夹层数据为基础,分析储层评价工作中数据间的关系,设计了相应的算法,实现了井斜校正、按层统计砂体厚度及计算砂地比、夹层统计、自动扣除夹层及有效厚度计算、储层特征参数和储量计算参数集总、坐标添加及常用绘图软件数据格式转化等功能.     

Change analysis of rice area and production in China during the past three decades

Rice＇s spatial-temporal distributions, which are critical for agricultural, environ- mental and food security research, are affected by natural conditions as well as socio-eco- nomic developments. Based on multi-source data, an effective model named the Spatial Production Allocation Model （SPAM） which integrates arable land distribution, administrative unit statistics of crop data, agricultural irrigation data and crop suitability data, was used to get a series of spatial distributions of rice area and production with 10-km pixels at a national scale -it was applied from the early 1980s onwards and used to analyze the pattern of spatial and temporal changes. The results show that significant changes occurred in rice in China during 1980-2010. Overall, more than 50% of the rice area decreased, while nearly 70% of rice production increased in the change region during 1980-2010. Spatially, most of the increased area and production were in Northeast China, especially, in Jilin and Heilongjiang; most of the decreased area and production were located in Southeast China, especially, in regions of rapidly urbanization in Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang. Thus, the centroid of rice area was moved northeast approximately 230 km since 1980, and rice production about 320 km, which means rice production moved northeastward faster than rice area because of the significant rice yield increase in Northeast China. The results also show that rice area change had a decisive impact on rice production change. About 54.5% of the increase in rice pro- duction is due to the expansion of sown area, while around 83.2% of the decrease in rice production is due to contraction of rice area. This implies that rice production increase may be due to area expansion and other non-area factors, but reduced rice production could largely be attributed to rice area decrease.     

Massively parallel spatial point pattern analysis: Ripley’s K function accelerated using graphics processing units

This study presents a massively parallel spatial computing approach that uses general-purpose graphics processing units (GPUs) to accelerate Ripley’s K function for univariate spatial point pattern analysis. Ripley’s K function is a representative spatial point pattern analysis approach that allows for quantitatively evaluating the spatial dispersion characteristics of point patterns. However, considerable computation is often required when analyzing large spatial data using Ripley’s K function. In this study, we developed a massively parallel approach of Ripley’s K function for accelerating spatial point pattern analysis. GPUs serve as a massively parallel platform that is built on many-core architecture for speeding up Ripley’s K function. Variable-grained domain decomposition and thread-level synchronization based on shared memory are parallel strategies designed to exploit concurrency in the spatial algorithm of Ripley’s K function for efficient parallelization. Experimental results demonstrate that substantial acceleration is obtained for Ripley’s K function parallelized within GPU environments.     

永安地磁台的勘选与建设

介绍地磁台建设中场地勘选、建设方案以及材料的选择与检测、磁场梯度监控的一些方法.实践证明,永安地磁台的台址堪选与建设满足地磁台站建设规范的技术要求,说明方法切实有效,可以为其他地磁台站的新建、改造提供参考.     

历史大地震破裂区地震危险性的地震活动性定量分析—以南北地震带中北段为例

尽管地震空区理论在中长期地震预测中起着重要的作用,但大地震复发在时间上的丛集或非线性行为使得在中长期地震预测研究中依然需要同时考虑非地震空区的、历史地震破裂区的潜在大地震危险性。为了探索能基于观测资料分析的、鉴别历史地震破裂区（包括历史、史前地震破裂的地震空区）大地震复发危险性的技术方法,我们在南北地震带中北段挑选出8个具有不同离逝时间的历史大地震破裂区,分析这些破裂区现代地震活动性的量化特征,以初步探索判定潜在大地震危险性紧迫程度的地震活动性方法。结果主要显示,反映地震序列衰减状态的p值和反映地震活动率的a值与这些历史破裂区最晚大地震的离逝时间有较好的对应关系,但也有部分破裂区可能由于复杂的断层结构与运动性质,对应关系并不明确;反映构造应力积累状况的b值则难于反映离逝时间演化阶段的信息。b值的时间扫描结果显示,大部分历史破裂区的b值随时间演化平稳,但1879年甘肃武都8级地震破裂区的b值则表现为明显的涨落,并存在持续20年的降低趋势。对比分析认为,1933年四川茂县7.5级、1976年四川松潘-平武两次7.2级地震破裂区目前仍处于序列衰减期,不具备再次发生7级以上地震的背景;公元842年迭部7级地震破裂区北缘低b值的玛曲段比迭部段更具危险性;1879年武都8级地震破裂区的b值持续降低也可能反映该区处于新的一轮孕震期。     

Residues,sources and tissue distributions of organochlorine pesticides in dog sharks (Mustelus griseus) from Zhoushan Fishing Ground,China

Ten dog sharks (Mustelus griseus) collected from Zhoushan Fishing Ground, China, were analysed for organochlorine pesticides in various tissues, including muscle, liver, skin, gill and fin, with the aim to study the residues, sources and tissue distributions of these chemicals in high trophic level marine fishes. The concentrations of DDTs, HCHs, and chlordanes varied from 7.27–26.62, 2.67–3.35, and 0.54–0.61 ng/g wet weight, respectively, with the estimated daily intake far below the acceptable daily intake and Chinese edible hygienic criteria. Data from the tissue distribution suggested a tendency of DDTs and chlordanes to accumulate in the liver, but for HCHs, direct gill penetration may be an important means of entrance. In addition, the compositional profiles indicated that the residues of HCHs and chlordanes mainly originated from the historical usage of these chemicals. However, the predominant maternal compounds and the o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT ratios reflected a recent use of dicofol.     

国家1∶50000基础地理信息数据库动态更新

国家基础地理信息数据库动态更新是我国继"十一五"全面更新工程成功实施后的新举措。本文重点介绍1∶50 000基础地理信息数据库动态更新的背景、主要内容、关键技术设计、组织实施特点及进展等。     

利用PALSAR数据反演2010年玉树地震断层的同震滑动分布

为深入了解2010年玉树地震引起的地表位移及发震断层的细节情况,对玉树地震震前、震后的PALSAR数据进行干涉处理,并针对轨道不精确引起的相位残差问题,采用最小二乘多项式模型拟合的方法对其进行去除,得到玉树地震地表的同震形变场.结果显示,形变最大地区发生在33.06°N、96.83°E附近,雷达视线方向形变最大值为-0.442 m.通过地质调查结果及合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)形变场的分析,对断层进行分段,基于弹性半空间位错模型对分段后的断层进行了同震滑动分布反演,并对反演结果的可靠性进行分析.结果表明,断层的最大位移为2.084 m,位于隆宝滩地表以下14 km处,反演结果对应的矩震级为Mw7.0,与地震学和地质调查的情况较吻合,且反演的结果较可靠.     

小波时间序列分析在高铁沉降变形中的应用

采用小波时间序列预测模型,建立基本思想和实现步骤,结合某高铁沉降监测数据,利用db3小波对原始数据进行去噪,在此基础上,建立了AR(2)模型,与运用时间序列方法所求出的预测值,进行比较分析,结果表明,采用小波时间序列预测模型,求出的预测值精度更高,具有很强的实用性。