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First report of eclogites from central Tibet,China: evidence for ultradeep continental subduction prior to the Cenozoic India‐Asian collision

Eclogites characterized by a garnet + clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + sanidine + rutile assemblage are reported for the first time in the eastern Bangong suture, central Tibet (China). Garnet and sanidine are exsolved from clinopyroxene. Al‐exchange barometer for orthopyroxene and garnet and K concentrations in clinopyroxene indicate a peak pressure of ～4 GPa. The occurrence of these ultrahigh‐pressure rocks implies the subduction of continental crust to a depth of >130 km along the eastern Bangong suture zone during the Early Jurassic. The denudation of these ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic rocks could have provided a significant source for the Jurassic turbidites in the western Bangong ocean basin.     

滨海体育休闲海域空间适宜性评价--以厦门岛东南部滨海为例

本文以滨海体育休闲对海域空间支撑要求为出发点,以厦门岛东南部滨海为例,从资源条件、自然环境条件和社会条件等3方面,构建滨海运动休闲海域空间适宜性评价指标体系,在专家咨询的基础上采用层次分析法确定指标权重,评价滨海体育休闲海域空间适宜性,研究结果显示:(1)滨海体育休闲海域空间适宜性由南向北逐渐增强,最北部的观音山区较为适宜开展滨海体育休闲活动;(2)自然环境因素是衡量滨海体育休闲海域适宜性的首要因素;(3)决定水上滨海体育休闲海域空间适宜性的重要指标为海水浴场健康指数、海域面积、平均流速、低潮高地暗礁面积比例等,决定沙滩滨海体育休闲海域空间适宜性的重要指标为海滩平均宽度、平均坡度、清洁度等。     

厦门市海洋休闲渔业发展设想

为优化厦门市海洋休闲渔业的发展路线，文章通过对多年的渔业经济统计数据和本区域资源状况、发展现状和需求的综合分析，提出在厦门市建立多层次和多类型现代化海洋休闲渔业基地的发展设想。研究结果表明：近年来我国休闲渔业呈现占比上升和增速加快的发展优势，但也表现出发展不稳定和体量小等不足；福建省休闲渔业发展增速缓慢且体量较小，明显落后于全国平均水平；厦门市海洋休闲渔业已具雏形，但开发层次较低和规模较小，亟须充分挖掘资源、地理和文化优势，以重点项目设计为抓手，发展具有典型示范效应的产品，培育多样化、复合化和本土化的新型海洋休闲渔业产业。     

陕西袁家村跨地方的乡村性生产与呈现

以陕西袁家村“进城开店”这一典型跨地方扩张发展案例为研究对象,基于对袁家村关中印象体验店内日常生活的参与式观察和对店铺经营者、消费者、管理人员的深度访谈,探究在城市化和现代化转型过程中袁家村乡村性的建构和演变。研究发现：① 袁家村的乡村性嵌在乡村的发展过程中,并呈现历时性变化,也即乡村性并非是固化的结果,而是动态演变的过程;② 袁家村跨地方生产过程是乡村发展升级助推下,乡村物质、人、制度等因素超越地域边界的流动过程,此过程也是乡村与城市之间亲缘、业缘、地缘多重关系的整合;③ 袁家村跨地方的过程以饮食生产扩大呈现了袁家村的乡村性,具体包括乡村生活、乡村生产和乡村社会关系等内容,而乡村性在城市空间成功延续依靠权力和资本的扩张、标准化生产的转移和符号化空间的营造实现;④ 乡村性是社会建构的,强调不同群体对乡村的意义创造。袁家村“进城开店”超越了乡村地域边界,却与农业、土地、村集体呈现更深刻的强关联,有力回击了“村落的终结”“乡村性终结”等论断。研究认为,从多元、动态、融合的视角理解乡村性,有助于在复杂的乡村振兴发展过程中把握更原真的乡村性,为乡村的理论研究和现实探索提供新思考。     

国产深海准实时传输潜标系统设计

基于海洋环境安全保障、海洋环境预报和海洋科学研究的需要，开展国产深海准实时传输潜标系统的设计，重点进行锚泊系统水动力分析、观测设备工作同步性、准实时通讯系统安全可靠和系统低功耗等整体技术设计；开展轻型感应耦合传输缆制作、大深度感应耦合传输和智能收放通讯等数据实时通讯技术的研究；进行适用于准实时传输潜标系统的多种类国产设备的稳定性和可靠性优化、规模化集成和系统化的应用示范，形成半潜升降式准实时通讯潜标与浮子式准实时通讯潜标各1套。所设计的准实时传输潜标系统集成了1台抗污染CTD、19台感应耦合CTD、8台感应耦合T、4台感应耦合传输的ADCP、2台单点海流计和6台感应耦合数据传输仪，并配有2套声学释放器；潜标系统本体设计含有3个水下流线型浮体、1套通讯浮子、1套准实时卫星通讯装置（半潜式水下绞车或海面浮子）和1套锚泊缆系，可实现深达2 000 mm的剖面温盐深和海流等海洋要素的高频率、多要素、多层次的长期连续观测和数据准实时传输，以便对科学问题解决和海洋环境安全保障等提供及时的数据支撑。     

海域定级指标数据处理方法与实证

海域定级是海域评估理论体系的重要组成，对完善我国海域有偿使用制度、统筹海洋经济与海洋环境和谐发展意义重大。海域定级指标体系构建是海域定级工作的核心环节。文章从指标体系评价因子自身属性特性、数据获取及处理难易程度、评价单元赋值合理性角度出发，对海域定级指标体系构建涉及的指标数据进行分类，按类型梳理各类指标数据的处理及赋值方法，并以广州市为例，开展实证研究，以期为海域定级指标体系数据处理的规范化工作提供思路。     

基于水上法的四种典型估算遥感反射率方法的应用效果评估

本文简要介绍了M99、R06、G01、L10四种典型水上法估算遥感反射率方法的原理,利用现场观测数据,对四种方法的应用效果进行了评估分析。利用高光谱SAS实测的76个站位数据,对比分析了四种方法结果的差异性以及不同太阳天顶角和云况条件的差异分布,结果表明,四种方法估算的遥感反射率总体差异性不大,有80%站位的差异在10%以内,L10方法的结果更接近四种方法的平均值,R06方法的结果与L10大体相当,当太阳天顶角过大时,四种方法估算遥感反射率的差异较大,在阴天条件下,差异性有小幅度增大。利用高光谱SAS和剖面仪MicroPro同步观测的73个站位数据,分析了四种水上法与水中法计算遥感反射率的差异性,以及不同水体和太阳天顶角条件的差异分布,结果显示,四种水上法与水中法计算的遥感反射率结果差异分布趋势大体一致,约75%站位的差异在15%以内,在较好的比对环境下(去掉近岸站位和太阳天顶角较大的站位),四种方法与水中法差异明显减小,其中,R06和L10方法在处理粗糙海面的天空和太阳耀斑修正方面略优。     

Stability and long-range correlation of air temperature in the Heihe River Basin

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Air temperature (AT) is a subsystem of a complex climate. Long-range correlation (LRC) is an important feature of complexity. Our research attempt to evaluate...     

Estimation of winter leaf area index and sky view fraction for snow modelling in boreal coniferous forests: consequences on snow mass and energy balance

Leaf area index (LAI) and canopy coverage are important parameters when modelling snow process in coniferous forests, controlling interception and transmitting radiation. Estimates of LAI and sky view factor show large variability depending on the estimation method used, and it is not clear how this is reflected in the calculated snow processes beneath the canopy. In this study, the winter LAI and sky view fraction were estimated using different optical and biomass‐based approximations in several boreal coniferous forest stands in Fennoscandia with different stand density, age and site latitude. The biomass‐based estimate of LAI derived from forest inventory data was close to the values derived from the optical measurements at most sites, suggesting that forest inventory data can be used as input to snow hydrological modelling. Heterogeneity of tree species and site fertility, as well as edge effects between different forest compartments, caused differences in the LAI estimates at some sites. A snow energy and mass balance model (SNOWPACK) was applied to detect how the differences in the estimated values of the winter LAI and sky view fraction were reflected in simulated snow processes. In the simulations, an increase in LAI and a decrease in sky view fraction changed the snow surface energy balance by decreasing shortwave radiation input and increasing longwave radiation input. Changes in LAI and sky view fraction affected directly snow accumulation through altered throughfall fraction and indirectly snowmelt through the changed surface energy balance. Changes in LAI and sky view fraction had a greater impact on mean incoming radiation beneath the canopy than on other energy fluxes. Snowmelt was affected more than snow accumulation. The effect of canopy parameters on evaporation loss from intercepted snow was comparable with the effect of variation in governing meteorological variables such as precipitation intensity and air temperature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.