郯庐断裂带北段构造样式解析

郯庐断裂带(郯城—庐江断裂带)北段在中—新生代发生多期不同性质活动,形成各具特色的构造样式.各种构造样式和地层间切割或覆盖关系的匹配研究,为限定断裂带活动期次及时代,建立郯庐断裂带北段变形序列提供了第一手资料.不同构造样式反映了断裂带由老至新经历了以下5个重要的变形事件:①密山县知—镇韧性剪切带黑云母40 Ar/39 ...     

青海东昆仑南坡成矿带铜钴矿预测中的主要科技问题

青海省东昆仑南坡金铜铅锌多金属成矿带经历了漫长而复杂的地质构造演化历史,产有丰富的金、铜、铅、锌、钼等金属矿产,但在铜钴矿预测中仍存在一些关键科学问题需进一步研究解决。本文在详述了区域地层、侵入岩、变质岩、构造、矿产等区域成矿地质背景的基础上,分析了青海东昆仑南坡成矿带地质工作程度低、研究程度低、成矿预测的基础科学问题不清、矿产勘查项目所引用的基础资料与研究工作所引用的基础资料明显不一致和主要矿床类型及预测方向等主要科学技术问题,探讨了该成矿带铜钴矿产预测现状与预测思路,从而提出了青海东昆仑南坡成矿带开展铜钴矿预测的工作方向。     

结构面对岩质边坡地震动影响的数值模拟研究

[摘 要] 本文采用数值模拟的方法,利用UDEC 软件,开展了结构面对岩质边坡地震动影响的数值 模拟研究,研究内容涉及结构面产状和位置变化对岩体边坡地震动放大系数空间展布的影响。根据岩 体边坡中结构面发育的一般规律,本文模型工况主要考虑与坡面相交的贯穿性结构面,模拟的主要物理 对象是层面、贯穿性长大软弱结构面等。数值模拟结果表明:结构面越靠近坡顶,边坡上部的地震动响 应越强烈;顺倾结构面会使坡肩部形成更强烈的地震动响应;边坡越陡,坡顶和坡肩部的地震动响应越 强烈。上述规律对于岩质边坡地震稳定性分析具有指导意义。     

大型帐篷构造对贵州天星桥喀斯特石林形成演化的控制作用

贵州黄果树天星桥景区下三叠统安顺组白云岩广泛出露,分布有连片水上石林,其发育在下三叠世台地相与深海盆地过渡的台地边缘相带上,这里海水进退频繁,古海岸带暴露面上大型帐蓬构造十分发育.碳酸盐岩古暴露带这种岩性特征,一则导致岩石充满裂隙及孔洞,极有利于大气降水入渗及地下水的赋存和运移;另则导致岩体软弱结构面密布,岩石的力学强...     

塔里木西克尔新生代碧玄岩中辉石岩捕虏体的发现及其地质意义

首次在塔里木西克尔地区新生代碧玄岩中发现了辉石岩捕虏体。其主要矿物为ol+opx+cpx+pl+sp,含少量次生amp和phl。辉石岩中单斜辉石和斜方辉石普遍发育出溶结构。尖晶石明显分为晶形和产状不同的两个世代。变质成因的斜长石包裹大量高度自形的微小尖晶石颗粒。通过结构分析,出溶成份恢复,矿物温压计投图和P-T视剖面图分析确定:辉石岩捕虏体最初可能为无斜长石的尖晶石二辉岩,在降压至~1.5GPa,温度为1100~1200℃的过程中新生变质斜长石包裹了第二世代的自形尖晶石微晶;进一步的降温降压过程导致单斜和斜方辉石出溶和斜长石、橄榄石的生长,最终斜方辉石所记录的压力为 ~0.9GPa,温度为800~900℃。该变质作用过程说明辉石岩从尖晶石二辉岩稳定深度(>45km, A'点)抬升至斜长石二辉岩稳定深度(~28km,B点)并发生冷却,该过程可能代表了塔里木板块的壳幔过渡带曾发生了较大幅度的抬升,可能与地幔上涌造成的大陆岩石圈伸展、减薄有关。     

中国西部叠合盆地油气藏形成、演化与分布预测

中国西部叠合盆地经历了多期构造变动和多旋回的油气成藏作用,研究叠合盆地油气藏的形成、演化和分布预测具有重要的意义。叠合盆地指不同时期形成的不同类型的沉积盆地或地层在同一地理位置上的叠加和复合,具有地层沉积不连续、地层构造不连续、地层应力应变作用不连续等三大标志性特征,依据构造剖面上地层年代的关联性,将叠合盆地分为五种类型,即连续沉积型叠合盆地、中晚期地层叠合盆地、早晚期地层叠合盆地、早中期地层叠合盆地、长期暴露型叠合盆地。叠合盆地普遍发育复杂油气藏,三种作用（剥蚀作用、断裂作用、褶皱作用）六种机制（渗漏、扩散、溢散、氧化、降解和裂解）形成复杂油气藏,依据成因特征分为五类,原成型油气藏,圈闭调整型油气藏,组分变异型油气藏,相态转换型油气藏,规模改造型油气藏。研究表明,复杂油气藏中天然气的地下产状特征和分布特征与地表产状特征和分布特征有很大差异。中国西部叠合盆地油气分布主要受烃源灶、古隆起、沉积相、断裂带、构造变动和区域盖层等六大因素的控制。其中烃源灶（S）、古隆起（M）、沉积相（D）和盖层（C）等四大要素控制着油气成藏的形成和分布,并建立了多要素匹配（T-CDMS）成藏模式,用以预测有利成藏领域。油气藏形成之后,多期的构造变动对早成的油气藏进行调整、改造和破坏,主要受构造变动强度、构造变动时间、构造变动次数、构造变动时盖层的封油气性能等四大要素控制,并以此建立了多期构造变动破坏油气藏后剩余潜力评价模型,利用这一模型可以预测出有利勘探区带并评价出有利勘探区带中的剩余资源潜力。油气藏经过改造,表现出晚期成藏效应,并受相势耦合作用的控制最后定位,利用晚期成藏效应和相势耦合理论可以预测有利勘探目标,并指出潜在有利勘探目标。     

贵州龙里高山草原泥炭沉积年代、速率及其有机碳同位素记录

通过对贵州龙里高山草原泥炭进行加速器(AMS)14C测年和有机碳的测定,获得泥炭层底部0.90 m和0.55 m处年龄分别为(7 933±33)a B.P.和(7 733±28)a B.P.,计算出泥炭层堆积速率为1.75 mm/a。获得泥炭层δ13C为-28.9‰～-26.6‰,平均为-27.8‰,说明植被以C3植物为主,与现在坪台沼泽上苔藓繁盛相似。结合其他地区的气候记录推断,研究区泥炭发育于相对温暖湿润的气候环境,是全新世大暖期的第一个暖湿期形成的产物。     

Hydrodynamic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Dabashan Foreland Thrust Belt,China

There are two plays in the Dabashan foreland tectonic belt: the upper and the lower plays. The lower play experienced one sedimentary hydrodynamic stage, two burial hydrodynamic stages, two tectonic hydrodynamic stages and two infiltration hydrodynamic stages from the Sinian to the Cenozoic, while the upper play had one sedimentary hydrodynamic stage, one burial hydrodynamic stage, two tectonic hydrodynamic stages and one infiltration hydrodynamic stage from the Permian to the Cenozoic. Extensive flows of both sedimentary water, including hydrocarbons, and deep mantle fluid occurred in the Chengkou faults during collision orogeny in the Middle-Late Triassic Indosinian orogeny, and fluid flow was complicated during intracontinental orogeny in the Middle-Late Jurassic. In addition to these movements, infiltration and movement of meteoric water took place in the Chengkou faults, whereas in the covering-strata decollement tectonic belt, extensive sedimentary water flow (including hydrocarbons) occurred mainly in the Zhenba and Pingba faults. During the stage of rapid uplift and exhumation from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic, the fluid flow was characterized mainly by infiltration of meteoric water and gravity-induced flow caused by altitude difference, whereas sedimentary water flow caused by tectonic processes was relatively less significant. Sedimentary water flow was more significant to the lower play in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation during collision orogeny in the Middle-Late Triassic Indosinian orogeny, but its influence is relatively slight on the upper play. On one hand, hydrodynamics during intracontinental orogeny in the Middle-Late Jurassic adjusted, reformed or oven destroyed oil reservoirs in the lower play; on the other hand, it drove large amounts of hydrocarbons to migrate laterally and vertically and is favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Infiltration hydrodynamics mainly adjusted and destroyed oil reservoirs from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic.     

青藏高原困难地区开展区域重力调查工作遇到的问题与对策

青藏高原的大部分地区自然条件恶劣、人口稀少、交通不便、基础测绘程度低、通讯条件极其落后,属于典型的开展区域重力调查工作的困难地区。在这些地区开展区域重力调查工作,在重力仪选择及标定、GPS控制点的建立及其控制范围、重力测点水准高程求取,以及近区地形改正、物性标本采集等方面都会遇到很多与内地一般地区工作时不一样的问题。笔者通过对青藏高原地区开展的多个1：20万区域重力调查项目的野外工作过程进行总结,分析了困难地区区域重力调查项目实施过程中遇到的一些技术问题,认为可通过尽量选择高精度、稳定性好的重力仪,合理延长闭合时间,采用CQG2000似大地水准面模型求取测点水准高程,扩大GPS基准站的控制半径等办法解决。这些措施可作为以后在青藏高原地区及国内其他困难地区开展区域重力调查工作时的参考。     

Sequence Stratigraphy of the Jurassic Coal Measures in Northwestern China

The sequence stratigraphy of the Jurassic coal measures of northwestern China has been studied based on data from outcrop and borehole sections. Because of the geological background and the diversity of basin types, such as isochronisms of coal seams and recognition of key sequence boundaries, it is rare to summarize and correlate sequence structure and framework. The types and recognition characteristics of the sequence boundaries of the Jurassic coal measures are revealed by comparing climatic characteristics, structural styles and the base level cycle. A total of five third-order sequences and 15 systems tracts have been subdivided and the sequence stratigraphic framework has been reconstructed confirming that the thick coals accumulated in the late stage of transgression system tracts of sequence I (SQ I) and sequence III (SQ III). This idea is of important academic significance for instructing coal resources exploration, and enhancing geological effects of prospecting engineering. It is also of practical significance for guaranteeing construction of the large-scale coal production base in northwestern China, accelerating the westward development of the coal industry stratagem.