不确定度在多波束测深数据质量评估中的应用

在海道测量中,由于无法对测量数据进行多余和重复观测,因而不能精确测定各种误差,同时也几乎没有测量成果质量的控制指标,这正是多波束测深数据质量评估所面临的现实且急需解决的难题。基于国际海道测量规范S-44(5th)的要求,研究了不确定度在多波束数测深数据质量评估中的应用。通过实例分析可知,测量结果的可用性在很大程度上取决于其不确定度的大小,不确定度越小,说明测量结果质量越高,越具有可靠性。因此,将不确定度充分合理地应用于多波束测深数据处理和评估是一种最为理想的途径。     

乳山湾邻近海域波浪特征要素规律研究

基于高分辨率MASNUM第三代海浪模式并根据Yuan等(2009)提出的波浪破碎统计物理模型,对乳山湾外海2008年各个季节波浪特征要素(有效波高和跨零周期等)与波浪破碎参数(白冠覆盖率、卷入深度和破碎能量损耗率)进行了数值模拟。利用Janson-1卫星高度计观测资料对有效波高模拟结果进行了检验,平均误差在0.17m左右。模拟结果显示,该海域波浪参数具有明显的季节变化特征,在2008-08乳山湾邻近海域受大风天气过程影响期间,有效波高在1.0~1.8m,破碎参数变化显著,白冠覆盖率最大达4.5%,卷入深度在1.5m以上,相应的破碎能量损耗率量值在6~11kg/s3。结果表明,波浪破碎过程对该区域海洋动力环境有着重要影响,是造成乳山湾口表层高溶解氧的可能机制之一。     

四川盆地东部垫江盐盆早三叠世嘉陵江组四段杂卤石成因及对成钾的指示

四川盆地三叠纪是主要的成钾期,目前发现的主要含钾矿物为杂卤石,有关早三叠世嘉陵江组四段石盐岩中杂卤石成因一直存在争议.采用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、稀土元素和锶同位素等手段,分析了四川盆地东部垫江盐盆长寿地区嘉陵江组四段石盐岩中杂卤石矿物形态特征,初步探讨了该杂卤石成因及对寻找海相钾盐的指示意义.扫描电镜下与石盐岩共生的杂卤...     

一种统计技术结合动力释用的沿海海雾预报方法

提出了一种利用历史相似个例查询技术,结合WRF模式输出释用的Gultepe沿海大雾业务预报方法。该方法可以较好的计算近地面大气中的液态水含量(LWC)和云滴粒子数密度(Nd)参数。利用该方法对2011—2013年的3—6月的历史沿海海雾个例进行试报,结果表明,恰当的结合统计方法和动力模式可以一定程度上克服目前数值模式不成熟的缺陷,从而提高WRF模式在大雾业务预报方面的释用水平。     

一种I3S标准的倾斜摄影服务精度动态控制方法

针对倾斜摄影数据服务共享保密要求高、倾斜摄影数据包SLPK不同精度数据制作复杂的问题,本文基于开源I3S标准规范与解析倾斜摄影在线服务结构特征,研究实现了一种I3S标准的倾斜摄影服务精度动态控制方法。该方法可根据服务需求,通过控制索引树节点级别,基于一套数据实现多种精度的在线服务;作为实景三维建设的重要技术支撑,具有良好的实用价值。     

地基SAR在滑坡形变监测中的应用

地基InSAR是近年发展起来的基于地基SAR (GB-SAR)获取地表形变的一种新的技术手段,分辨率高、可实时监测,实现毫米级形变监测精度,为近距离滑坡实时监测与预警提供了先进的技术手段。本文首先以澜沧江某滑坡体为研究对象,在滑坡体对岸设立固定站点,按固定频率进行GB-SAR数据采集;然后通过先后两景影像形成干涉对,利用相干阈值方法提取相干点目标;最后利用形变模型提取滑坡体形变结果。研究表明,地基SAR可获得整个滑体形变边界、形变大小空间分布及时间变化历程,对滑坡体灾害实时监测非常有效,可为滑坡灾害监测及预警提供参考。     

贵州松桃道坨锰矿含锰岩系地球化学特征 和沉积环境分析

道坨锰矿床是贵州锰矿整装勘查过程中新发现的全隐伏超大型锰矿床,其含锰岩系赋存于南华系大塘坡组第一段底部黑色页岩中,呈层状、似层状、透镜状产出。对含锰岩系主量及微量元素地球化学特征分析:其V/(V+Ni)、V/(V+Cr)、V/Cr、Ce/La值,及U、V、Ni、Mo等氧化还原敏感元素的富集程度显示其形成于缺氧环境。含锰岩系富集As、Mo、Ag、Sb,及Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)、(Fe+Mn)/Ti、Co/Zn值均显示热水沉积物特征,且在(Cu+Ni+Co)×10—Fe—Mn、Co/Zn—(Cu+Ni+Co)关系图解中,岩矿样品投影点均落在热水沉积区内,反映了热水作用对锰的富集和成矿影响甚重。此外,Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)、Al/(Al+Fe)、Al/(A1+Fe+Mn)、(La/Ce)N值及(K2O+NaO2)—SiO2、La/Ce—Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)图解指示含锰岩系形成于被动大陆边缘背景。     

若尔盖沼泽湿地的萎缩机制

1960年以来,若尔盖沼泽湿地的快速萎缩严重影响黄河上游水量补给和当地湿地生态系统,但其机制尚不清晰。基于2010—2013年野外调查、气象水文资料和遥感影像,分析若尔盖沼泽退化的主要原因与机制。尽管气温的缓慢升高,但降水量并未减少,考虑到沼泽的季节性特征,气候变暖对沼泽萎缩影响相当有限,但不是主要原因。经遥感判读和统计,共识别现有920 km的人工渠道,其疏干的沼泽面积约648.3 km2,占总萎缩面积的27%。人工开渠作为强烈的人类活动干扰,是若尔盖沼泽快速萎缩的重要原因。自然水系的溯源侵蚀长期疏干沼泽、降低地下水水位和放射状地向沼泽内部切穿是沼泽萎缩的重要机制。人工开渠连通自然水系强化沼泽内河床下切和排水作用。     

An efficient and adaptive approach for modeling gravity effects in spherical coordinates

The need to obtain more reliable Earth structures has been the impetus for conducting joint inversions of disparate geophysical datasets. For seismic arrival time tomography, joint inversion of arrival time and gravity data has become an important way to investigate velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle. However, the absence of an efficient approach for modeling gravity effects in spherical coordinates limits the joint tomographic analysis to only local scales. In order to extend the joint tomographic inversion into spherical coordinates, and enable it to be feasible for regional studies, we develop an efficient and adaptive approach for modeling gravity effects in spherical coordinates based on the longitudinal/latitudinal grid spacing. The complete gravity effects of spherical prisms, including gravitational potential, gravity vector and tensor gradients, are calculated by numerical integration of the Gauss–Legendre quadrature (GLQ). To ensure the efficiency of the gravity modeling, spherical prisms are recursively subdivided into smaller units according to their distances to the observation point. This approach is compatible with the parameterization of regional arrival time tomography for large areas, in which both the near- and far-field effects of the Earth's curvature cannot be ignored. Therefore, this approach can be implemented into the joint tomographic inversion of arrival time and gravity data conveniently. As practical applications, the complete gravity effects of a single anomalous density body have been calculated, and the gravity anomalies of two tomographic models in the Taiwan region have also been obtained using empirical relationships between P-wave velocity and density.     

Fully Coupled Effects of Hull, Mooring and Risers Model in Time Domain Based on An Innovative Deep Draft Multi-Spar

The coupled hull, mooring and riser analysis techniques in time domain are widely recognized as the unique approach to predict the accurate global motions. However, these complex issues have not been perfectly solved due to a large number of nonlinear factors, e.g. forces nonlinearity, mooring nonlinearity, motion nonlinearity and so on. This paper investigates the coupled effects through the numerical uncoupled model, mooring coupled model and fully coupled model accounting mooring and risers based on a novel deep draft multi-spar which is especially designed for deepwater in 2009. The numerical static-offset, free-decay, wind-action tests are executed, and finally three hours simulations are conducted under 100-year return period of GOM conditions involving wave, wind and current actions. The damping contributions, response characteristics and mooring line tensions are emphatically studied.