Eddy energy dissipation rate and puff diffusion during calms

The paper considers a puff diffusion in its inertial stage when particle separation obeys the laws of the inertial subrange and depends only on eddy energy dissipation rate . The can be determined in the surface layer by the turbulent kinetic energy equation. Similarity equations connect with diffusion measure .A simple analytical model has been deduced to estimate pollutants diffusion during calms.     

Behaviour of quartz gravity meters under high frequency vertical motion

Summary Tests on the vertical vibrating table in the frequency range of70–110 Hz indicate that quartz gravity meters are10–100 times more sensitive at some frequencies than under low-frequency excitation. At high frequencies, the reading beam is at rest and deflected from the correct position. Slow fluctuations of amplitude and frequency near resonance could cause slow irregular motion of the beam with absence of low-frequency ground motion of sufficient intensity.

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unmauaum a mua um¶rt; ¶rt;uana amm 70–110u mam, m a m ammaaum 10–100 a mum nu uamm au. u amm au u a¶rt;um n m mu m nu. ¶rt; auauu anum¶rt; u amm au uu aa m am uamm u ua ¶rt;a mmmm uamm au n ¶rt;mam umumu.

     

Analysis of beam nulling of a sharpe gravity meter

Summary The routine nulling procedure is modified on the basis of the theoretical decay of transient motion of the gravity meter beam and the time needed for its stabilizing.     

Holes in the Hα Eruptive Prominence Structure

The eruptive prominence observed on 27 May 1999 in H at Ondejov Observatory is analyzed using image-processing techniques. To understand the physical processes behind the prominence eruption, heated structures inside the cold H prominence material are sought. Two local minima of intensity (holes), the first above and the second below the erupting H prominence, have been found in the processed H images. A comparison of H images with the SOHO/EIT and Yohkoh/SXT images showed: (a) the cold H prominence is visible as a dark feature in the EIT images, (b) the upper local minimum of intensity in the H image corresponds to a hot structure seen in EIT, (c) the lower minimum corresponds to a hot loop observed by SXT. The physical significance of the H intensity minima and their relation to the hot structures observed by EIT and SXT is discussed. The time sequence of observed processes is in favor of the prominence eruption model with the destabilization of the loop spanning the prominence. For comparison with other events the velocities of selected parts of the eruptive prominence are determined.     

Sustainable landscape management in Slovenia: Environmental improvements for the Velenje coal mining community 1991–2000

The Velenje area (almost 200 km² with over 31,000 inhabitants) is based on the Šalek Valley, which became a leading area of industrialisation and urbanisation after the Second World War, with consequent pollution problems. Various industrial plants polluted the river Paka while more serious hazards arose through the coal mine which is a still causing landscape subsidence and the thermal power station in the neighbourhood of Šoštanj which is a major source of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide pollution. In 1987 there was an ecological protest which marked the beginning of a sustainable development strategy for the community. During the past decade programmes have dealt with the degradation of air, soil and water to achieve cleaner air, a transformation in landuse and enhancement the river's formerly weak self-purifying capabilities. This article examines the changes in the valley since the attention of the authorities was drawn to the deterioration of living conditions. Despite the pressures of transition which have seen unemployment rising to over ten percent, significant environmental improvements have been made and the area stands as a model for the rest of the country. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The iron-tungsten-sulphur system and its geological application

The subsolidus region of the Fe-W-S system was studied by experiments performed in evacuated silica tubes. Ternary phases were not encountered. Tungsten disulphide WS₂ is stable with the iron sulphides but not with metallic iron. The major tie-line pyrrhotite-tungsten differentiates this system from the analogous Fe-Mo-S system. Experiments on the Fe-W-O-S system demonstrate that WS₂ (tungstenite) is not stable in the presence of iron oxides. Molybdenum and tungsten show different affinities to sulphur which is manifested in nature in abundant molybdenite as contrasted with rare tungstenite. Sulphur fugacity data in the literature differ on WS₂. There data are compared with the present experimental results.

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Zusammenfassung Das ternäre System Fe-W-S wird durch Abschreckungsexperimente in evakuierten Quarzglasampullen sowie durch Differential-Thermoanalyse untersucht, die Phasengleichgewichtsbeziehungen sind in einem isothermen Digramm T<743 °C veranschaulicht. Unterhalb 743±2 °C liegt der Stabilitätsbereich des Pyrits, FeS₂, welcher mit Tungstenit, WS₂, koexistiert. Konodenscharen erstrecken sich ferner von WS₂ zu Pyrrhotin und zwar über einen weiten Bereich der Fe_1-xS-Mischkristallreihe. Von FeS, oder annähernd stöchiometrischem FeS verlaufen Konoden zum metallischen Wolfram und zu den intermetallischen Phasen Fe₂W und Fe₃W₂. Eine ternäre Phase wurde nicht gefunden. Experimente im ternären sowie im quaternären System Fe-W-O-S demonstrieren, daß WS₂ weder mit metallischem Eisen noch mit Eisenoxiden stabil ist. Molybdän und Wolfram zeichnen sich durch unterschiedliche Affinität zu Schwefel aus, und daraus resultierende Schlußfolgerungen werden in bezug auf natürliche Mineralvergesellschaftungen diskutiert. Die in der einschlägigen Literatur gemachten Angaben über die Schwefelfugazität von Fe, Mo und W werden kritisch untersucht. Dominierende Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Phasengleichgewichtsbeziehungen des Fe-W-S-Diagrammes zu anderen Fe-beinhaltenden Sulfidsystemen, wie Fe-Mo-S, Fe-Sn-S und Fe-Bi-S, werden aufgezeigt.

     

Comment on some relations between the shape of streamlines and frontal interface in the proximity of a cyclonic vortex

Zusammenfassung Es wird ein einfaches Modell des zykolnalen Wirbels vorgeschlagen und die Beziehung zwischen seiner Intensität, der Form der Stromlinien und der Deformation der frontalen Grenzoberfläche in seiner Nähe diskutiert. Die Arbeit verfolgt das Ziel, die Kriterien der sogenannten dynamischen Klassifikation der aus den meteorologischen Satelliten photographierten Bewölkung zu finden.     

On the problem of frequency calibration of induction variometers with large air-core loops

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode für experimentelle Untersuchung der Frequenzkennlinien von Induktionsvariometern mit Aufnahmeschleifen nichttraditioneller Ausmasse beschrieben. Die Grundlage des beschriebenen Verfahrens bildet eine genaue Bestimmung jenes Teils des magnetischen Kraftflusses, der durch die Aufnahmeschleife durchgeht.