High-resolution frequency-domain Radon transform and variable-depth streamer data deghosting

Receiver ghost reflections adversely affect variable-depth streamer (VDS) data acquisition. In addition, the frequency notches caused by the interference between receiver ghosts and primary waves strongly affect seismic data processing and imaging. We developed a high-resolution Radon transform algorithm and used it to predict receiver ghosts from VDS data. The receiver ghost reflections are subtracted and removed from the raw data. We propose a forward Radon transform operator of VDS data in the frequency domain and, based on the ray paths of the receiver ghosts, we propose an inverse Radon transform operator. We apply the proposed methodology to model and field data with good results. We use matching and subtracting modules of commercially available seismic data processing software to remove the receiver ghosts. The frequency notches are compensated and the effective frequency bandwidth of the seismic data broadens.     

城市地铁爆破开挖对浅埋地下大直径管道的安全影响研究

在城市浅埋地铁爆破开挖中,经常遇到地下管网、涵洞等构筑物,而爆破地震效应对其影响范围和程度的正确评价就显得尤为重要。本文以长沙地铁爆破开挖为例,以现场实测数据为基础,采用有限单元法,对爆破振动下大直径混凝土污水管道的动力响应、变形和动应力等进行了计算,评价了爆破地震对管道的安全影响。研究表明:管道在控制爆破作用下是偏于安全的;爆心距是影响管道受到爆炸作用力影响大小的最主要因素;对于以实测数据为基础,采用加速度激励的时程分析方法以爆破振动对埋地管道的影响进行评价,是一种可行且较为精确的方法。     

The structural characteristics,age of origin,and tectonic attribute of the Erguna Fault,NE China

The Erguna Fault runs along the east bank of the Erguna River in NE China and is a large-scale ductile shear zone comprising granitic mylonites. This paper reports on the geometry, kinematic indicators, and 40Ar/39 Ar biotite ages of the granitic mylonites, to constrain the structural characteristics, forming age, and tectonic attribute of the Erguna ductile shear zone. The zone strikes NE and records a top-to-the-NW sense of shear. A mylonitic foliation and stretching lineation are well developed in the mylonites, which are classified as S-L tectonites. Logarithmic flinn parameters(1.18–2.35) indicate elongate strain which approximates to plane strain. Kinematic vorticity numbers are 0.42–0.92 and 0.48–0.94, based on the polar Mohr diagram and the oblique foliation in quartz ribbons, respectively, suggesting that the ductile shear zone formed under general shear, or a combination of simple and pure shear. According to finite strain and kinematic vorticity analyses, the Erguna Fault is a lengthening-thinning ductile shear zone that formed by extension. The deformation behavior of minerals in the mylonites indicates that the fault was the site of three stages of deformation: an initial stage of middle- to deep-level, high-temperature shear, a post-stress recovery phase of high-temperature static recrystallization, and a final phase of low-temperature uplift and cooling. The 40Ar/39 Ar plateau ages of biotite from the granitic mylonites are 106.16 ± 0.79 and 111.55 ± 0.67 Ma, which constrain the timing of low-temperature uplift and cooling but are younger than the ages of metamorphic core complexes(MCCs) in the Transbaikalia-northeast Mongolia region. Using measured geological sections, microtectonics, estimates of finite strain and kinematic vorticity, and regional correlations and geochronology, we conclude that the Erguna Fault is an Early Cretaceous, NNE-trending, large-scale, sub-horizontal, and extensional ductile shear zone. It shares a similar tectonic background with the MCCs, volcanic fault basins, and large and super-large volcanic-hydrothermal deposits in Transbaikalia-northeast Mongolia and the western Great Khingan Mountains, all of which are the result of overthickened crust that gravitationally collapsed and extended in the Early Cretaceous after plate collision along the present-day Sino-Russia-Mongolia border tract.     

铜同位素地球化学及研究新进展

多接收杯电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICPMS)的应用极大地提高了铜(Cu)同位素的分析精度和效率,推进了铜同位素地球化学的发展和应用。文中对Cu同位素地球化学进行了全面的综述,并更新了铜同位素研究的最新进展及其在地质与环境过程中的应用。自然界中铜同位素(δ65Cu)的变化范围可达20‰以上,高温下铜同位素分馏较小,而在低温条件下,铜同位素能产生巨大的同位素分馏,其主要取决于低温下铜的氧化还原反应。作为最重要的金属成矿元素之一、重要的重金属元素和重要的挥发性元素,铜同位素在矿床地球化学、环境地球化学和天体化学领域均显示了巨大的应用潜力。     

麦哲伦戈沃罗夫盖特平顶海山钴结壳资源评价

为能科学、快速量化地圈定出大洋海山钴结壳优质矿区,笔者基于国际海底管理局提出的矿区选取模型,利用我国西太平洋海山钴结壳资源调查的公开的拖网采样资料,综合钴结壳的分布规律和证据权法所得海山钴结壳资源预测后验概率图,将西太平洋麦哲伦海山区戈沃罗夫盖特平顶海山圈定为钴结壳资源前景较好的远景区,并采用人机交互式的矿区圈定方法圈定出符合国际海底管理局规章要求的7个群组共100个钴结壳矿块。据此估算出戈沃罗夫盖特平顶海山湿结壳资源量为69 487.6×10⁴ t;圈定的100个矿块主要分布在2 000~3 000 m斜坡上,湿结壳资源量为14 092×10⁴ t,干结壳资源量为9 789.35×10⁴ t;锰金属量为1 961.3×10⁴ t,铜金属量为10.17×10⁴ t,钴金属量为54.06×10⁴ t,镍金属量为34.87×10⁴ t。这些数据表明,戈沃罗夫盖特平顶海山规模较大,钴结壳资源前景潜力大,可作为钴结壳深入调查和矿区申请备选海山。     

川西新场气田上三叠统须二、须四段相对优质储层成因差异性分析

川西新场地区须家河组储层埋藏深度大、成岩作用复杂、致密化程度高,但在整体超致密背景下,局部仍发育较多的相对优质储层.相对优质储层在埋深较大的须二段,往往发育较多的原生孔隙,和相对次要的次生孔隙;而埋深较小的须四段储层,次生孔隙占绝对优势,原生孔隙发育较少.造成这一现象的主要原因是须二、须四段原生孔隙保存和次生孔隙发育机制上的差异.须二段储层中较多刚性颗粒的存在和较为发育的包膜绿泥石是原生孔隙得到较好保存的主要原因;而其较大的单砂层厚度和较少的泥岩发育则导致了有机酸性流体的注入量较少,长石溶蚀有限.须四段塑性岩屑含量明显较高,储层原生孔隙在压实作用下几乎消失殆尽,但较薄的单砂层厚度和较多泥岩的叠置发育使长石在有机酸性流体作用下得到了充分溶蚀;这是须四段储层次生孔隙相对发育、长石含量很低、同时还有自生高岭石沉淀的主要原因.     

新疆于田MS7.3地震主震精定位研究

新疆、青海、西藏数字地震台网和新疆和田台阵都十分清晰、完整地记录到2014年2月12日新疆于田MS7.3地震的波形,故采用区域地震台网和地震台阵联合定位的方法来精确测定该地震的震源位置。具体定位时采用了以下技术：①根据MS7.3地震震中的位置,360o等方位均匀选取台站,平均每隔约15o取1个台站参与初始定位;②将于田台的记录波形旋转至径向和切向上精确测定S波的到时,并以此控制震中距;③测定震中位置时采用的速度模型,是以震源为中心、半径约为1.0o范围内发生的历史地震资料为基础,重新拟合后获得的速度模型;④利用和田地震台阵记录的主震波形资料,经波形聚束方法处理后进行方位角测定,并以此方位角修正震中位置;⑤采用确定性方法测定震源深度。最终得到新疆于田MS7.3地震主震的震中位置为36.197oN、82.467oE,震源深度为12km,发震时刻为2014年2月12日17:19:48.2。     

西藏多龙矿集区地堡铜(金)矿床年代学、流体包裹体、地球化学特征及其成因类型研究

多龙矿集区位于班公湖-怒江成矿带西段北侧、羌塘地块南缘,是我国近年来发现的最大斑岩-浅成低温热液型Cu(Au)矿集区。地堡是多龙矿集区最西南边缘的矿床,资源潜力巨大,有望达到超大型规模,但研究程度薄弱。本次工作对地堡Cu(Au)矿开展了锆石U-Pb测年、流体包裹体、地球化学等方面的研究,为推动资源勘查和矿集区成矿规律的总结提供理论依据。含矿斑岩锆石206 Pb/238 U平均加权年龄为111.2±0.4Ma(MSWD=0.67),与矿集区成矿岩浆活动时限一致,是矿集区重要组成部分。石英脉流体包裹体显示矿床主成矿期成矿流体温度集中于140~382℃,主要集中在240~280℃。成岩阶段石英斑晶中Ⅰ型包裹体盐度范围为0.2%~20.7%NaCleqv.,含盐子晶包裹体盐度为33.6%NaCleqv.和43.9%NaCleqv.;成矿阶段不含石膏石英脉Ⅰ型包裹体盐度范围为0.2%~20.8%NaCleqv.,黄铁矿石英脉Ⅰ型包裹体盐度范围为1.1%~11.1%NaCleqv.,石膏中Ⅰ型包裹体盐度范围为0.5%~9.3%NaCleqv.。对钻孔DNZK6428样品进行主微量元素测试并进行因子分析计算,结果表明F1、F2、F3代表成岩阶段,因子主成分为Y-Ho-Er-Tm-Yb-Dy-Lu-Tb-Eu-Gd-Sm-La-Ce-Pr-Nd-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO等,F4和F5代表铜金矿化阶段,因子主成分为Sn-Sb-Ba-Fe_2O_3-Sr-|SiO_2|-Ni-Cu-U-In-Cd-Au-Zn。黄铁矿δ34SV-CDT值总体较为集中,呈"双峰塔式"分布,变化范围为-7.8‰~4.1‰,均值为-4.23‰,为深源岩浆硫,硫的来源接近地幔硫。矿床粒状黄铁矿Co/Ni比值为0.207~10.775,平均值4.39,脉状黄铁矿Co/Ni比值为0.353~23.155,平均值3.802,均为热液成因。矿相学与岩相学研究结果显示矿床具明矾石和硫砷铜矿典型高硫化浅成低温热液矿床的矿物组合,地堡Cu(Au)矿为高硫型浅成低温热液矿床。