Calibration method affects the measured δ2H and δ18O in soil water by direct H2Oliquid–H2Ovapour equilibration with laser spectroscopy

The direct H₂O_liquid–H₂O_vapour equilibration method utilizing laser spectroscopy (DVE-LS) is a way to measure soil pore water stable isotopes. Various equilibration times and calibration methods have been used in DVE-LS. Yet little is known about their effects on the accuracy of the obtained isotope values. The objective of this study was to evaluate how equilibration time and calibration methods affect the accuracy of DVE-LS. We did both spiking and field soil experiments. For the spiking experiment, we applied DVE-LS to four soils of different textures, each of which was subjected to five water contents and six equilibration times. For the field soil experiment, we applied three calibration methods for DVE-LS to two field soil profiles, and the results were compared with cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD)-LS. Results showed that DVE-LS demonstrated higher δ²H and δ¹⁸O as equilibration time increased, but 12 to 24 hr could be used as optimal equilibration time. For field soil samples, DVE-LS with liquid waters as standards led to significantly higher δ²H and δ¹⁸O than CVD-LS, with root mean square error (RMSE) of 8.06‰ for δ²H and 0.98‰ for δ¹⁸O. Calibration with soil texture reduced RMSE to 3.53‰ and 0.72‰ for δ²H and δ¹⁸O, respectively. Further, calibration with both soil texture and water content decreased RMSE to 3.10‰ for δ²H and 0.73‰ for δ¹⁸O. Our findings conclude that the calibration method applied may affect the measured soil water isotope values from DVE-LS.     

How changes of groundwater level affect the desert riparian forest ecosystem in the Ejina Oasis,Northwest China

Groundwater is a key factor controlling the growth of vegetation in desert riparian systems. It is important to recognise how groundwater changes affect the riparian forest ecosystem. This information will not only help us to understand the ecological and hydrological process of the riparian forest but also provide support for ecological recovery of riparian forests and water-resources management of arid inland river basins. This study aims to estimate the suitability of the Water Vegetation Energy and Solute Modelling(WAVES) model to simulate the Ejina Desert riparian forest ecosystem changes,China, to assess effects of groundwater-depth change on the canopy leaf area index(LAI) and water budgets, and to ascertain the suitable groundwater depth for preserving the stability and structure of desert riparian forest. Results demonstrated that the WAVES model can simulate changes to ecological and hydrological processes. The annual mean water consumption of a Tamarix chinensis riparian forest was less than that of a Populus euphratica riparian forest, and the canopy LAI of the desert riparian forest should increase as groundwater depth decreases. Groundwater changes could significantly influence water budgets for T. chinensis and P. euphratica riparian forests and show the positive and negative effects on vegetation growth and water budgets of riparian forests. Maintaining the annual mean groundwater depth at around 1.7-2.7 m is critical for healthy riparian forest growth. This study highlights the importance of considering groundwater-change impacts on desert riparian vegetation and water-balance applications in ecological restoration and efficient water-resource management in the Heihe River Basin.     

A study of coral reef resilience and implications of adaptive management and rehabilitation in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam

The Province of Khanh Hoa, Vietnam, is located in the western South China Sea and boasts a shoreline of 385 km and many islands. Previous studies have indicated the extreme diversity and abundance of coral reefs in its waters as compared with other coastal provinces of Vietnam. A study on the resilience of coral reefs against increased surface water temperature and anthropogenic impact is conducted at 19 reef sites in 2015. At each site, a series of parameters (e.g., coral covers, genus diversity, and coral recruitment, substratum heterogeneity, depth, water exchange level, and sediment deposit and water temperature) are measured quantitatively or semi-quantitatively. The measured data are rated based on the relationship between the parameter values and coral susceptibility; the consideration that reef health reflects the biological capability to adapt to environmental changes and the recruitment potential if bleached; and positive or negative influences of physical factors in the mitigation of thermal stress and protecting corals from bleaching. A cumulative analysis enables researchers to divide the studied reefs into four categories based on varying levels of reef health to support resilience, recovery, and vulnerability in the case of increased water temperature. Relevant management interventions for each category and other supporting activities are suggested to enhance management effectiveness and to plan the rehabilitation of coral reefs for biodiversity conservation and touristic development, taking into account the involvement of related stakeholders.     

Tile‐based polygon overlay of vector data in a virtual globe

The demand for analysis of large‐scale data has increased with increased access to spatial vector data. Polygon overlay of vector data in a virtual globe requires proprietary data structures and proprietary analysis algorithms. A vector data structure is designed for rapid polygon overlay in a virtual globe by recording the metadata of the triangles (TriMeta) that constitute polygons. A polygon overlay algorithm is proposed based on this data structure. The overlay of two complex GIS polygons is transformed into the intersection computation of their 3D triangular presentations. The intersection computation of two sets of triangles is reduced considerably by utilizing TriMeta to filter out the disjoint triangle pairs and rapidly identify the contained triangle. The new method improves the overlay efficiency in a virtual globe because the amount of computation required to calculate the intersections of two large polygons and drape the intersections onto a terrain surface is reduced.     

Attribution of trends in meteorological drought during 1960–2016 over the Loess Plateau,China

This study uses two forms of the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI), namely the PDSI_TH(potential evapotranspiration estimated-by the Thornthwaite equation) and the PDSI_PM(potential evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith equation), to characterize the meteorological drought trends during 1960–2016 in the Loess Plateau(LP) and its four subregions. By designing a series of numerical experiments, we mainly investigated various climatic factors' contributions to the drought trends at annual, summer, and autumn time scales. Overall, the drying trend in the PDSI_TH is much larger than that in the PDSI_PM. The former is more sensitive to air temperature than precipitation, while the latter is the most sensitive to precipitation among all meteorological factors. Increasing temperature results in a decreasing trend(drying) in the PDSI_TH, which is further aggravated by decreasing precipitation, jointly leading to a relatively severe drying trend. For the PDSI_PM that considers more comprehensive climatic factors, the drying trend is partly counteracted by the declining wind speed and solar radiation. Therefore, the PDSI_PM ultimately shows a much smaller drying trend in the past decades.     

基于GIS的成品油智慧物流系统应用

国内成品油资源与市场分布极不均衡,导致成品油物流运输跨度大、运输方式多、成本高.传统物流管理系统主要基于固定流程,通过计量单据、报表进行物流活动的管理.随着GIS技术的普遍应用,以及各种定位手段、数据分析技术的日趋成熟,物流管理越来越趋向自动化、可视化、智能化,步入了成品油智慧物流时代.本文总结了成品油智慧物流的特点,搭建了智慧物流框架体系,介绍了基于GIS技术的成品油智慧物流系统建设方案与实现情况,突显出了GIS在物流运输可视化与物流空间分析方面的重要作用,提高了物流服务效率和物流管理水平.     

干旱区啤酒花农艺性状与品质的关系

明确啤酒花农艺性状与品质的相关性,可以为啤酒花种质资源优选鉴定提供依据。分析了甘肃省河西地区引进的50份啤酒花种质材料单蔓花数、花穗长、花穗粗、单花重、百花重、干鲜比与产量和品质的关系。结果表明：干旱半干旱地区啤酒花种质资源农艺性状和品质指标均存在较大变异,为优异资源的筛选创造了条件。农艺性状和品质指标存在一定相关性,其中,花穗粗和单花重均与干鲜比显著正相关（R²=0.293和R²=0.288）,花穗长和干鲜比与黄腐酚含量呈极显著正相关且干鲜比对黄腐酚含量贡献大于花穗长,而6个主要农艺性状均与α-酸含量无显著相关性。花穗长、花穗粗可以作为干鲜比大、产量和黄腐酚含量高、药用价值好的啤酒花种质资源筛选的农艺性状指标,但高α-酸含量的啤酒花种质资源无法通过农艺性状去筛选。     

华南前汛期持续性暴雨年代际变化特征及成因

应用福建、广东、广西243个气象站1961-2012年逐日降水资料,构建华南前汛期暴雨强度指数,揭示了前汛期持续性暴雨年代际变化特征及其可能机理。研究表明:前汛期持续性暴雨经历了多发（1961-1972年）-少发（1973-1991年）-多发（1992-2012年）3个阶段,目前仍处于多发期,具有持续时间较长且强度增强的特点;由于前汛期降水的低频振荡受热带低频信号北传的调制,因此,导致这种显著年代际变化的可能成因是热带低频信号北传的周期和强度的年代际差异,当热带低频信号北传至华南时低频周期长（短）且强度强（弱）,则前汛期易出现持续时间长（短）且强度强（弱）的持续性暴雨。     

Is the dinoflagellate Takayama xiamenensis a synonym of Takayama acrotrocha (Kareniaceae,Dinophyceae)?

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The naked dinoflagellate Takayama acrotrocha was identified as responsible for a bloom in Shenzhen Bay, Guangdong, China, in early spring 2021. The...     

山东黑旺铁矿裂隙岩溶水供排结合的多种数学模拟研究

黑旺铁矿位于山东省淄博市境内,是年开采能力达几十万吨的露天矿。矿层位于中奥陶统的石灰岩中,为一多年平均日排水量达６．１２万ｍ３／ｄ的大水矿山。矿山所排出的水未受污染,但一直未得到很好的利用。矿山下游约１０ｋｍ处为一特大型的大武水源地,该水源地已超采,并且部分遭受污染。因此,该矿水的供排结合研究,对于缓解淄博市的供水矛盾有重要意义。本文在分析地质、水文地质条件的基础上,用逐步回归分析和多维时间序列分析,找出矿坑充水的主要因素,并预测矿坑涌水量;用有限元法计算允许开采量,预报矿山闭坑前后的水位;评价供水后的环境影响并提出水源保护的建议