Comprehensive evaluation of the potential risk from cyanobacteria blooms in Poyang Lake based on nutrient zoning

The potential risk from cyanobacteria blooms is the basis for predicting, preventing, and managing eutrophication. Poyang Lake lies on the southern bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This lake is a large shallow lake connected to the Yangtze River and is affected by monsoon. The comprehensive evaluation index system, evaluation model, and method of the potential risk from cyanobacteria blooms were constructed based on the nutrient zoning in Poyang Lake, and the potential risk from cyanobacteria blooms was evaluated in 2013. (1) The evaluation index system comprises physical, chemical, and biological indicators. The physical indicators consist of blocking degree, lake region location, transparency (Secchi disk depth, SD), and temperature; the chemical indicators consist of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP); and the biological indicators consist of chlorophyll a (Chla) and phytoplankton biomass. Among the indicators, blocking degree and lake region location along with the prevailing wind direction were selected to represent the indicators affected by water retention time and wind direction. (2) We established a comprehensive evaluation method for assessing the potential risk from cyanobacteria blooms by adopting both analytic hierarchy process weighting and a comprehensive evaluation method. (3) Results show that the high-risk periods for cyanobacteria blooms were August, July, and December, and the high-risk regions were in the Northeastern Lake Region, Western Lake Region and Northern Lake Region. The Northeastern Lake Region is particularly in high risk in August and July. These cyanobacteria blooms presented heavy risk or close to heavy risk. Based on the risk evaluation indicators, outbreaks of cyanobacteria blooms are limited by temperature and location. Chla and phytoplankton biomass were the key indices affecting the level of potential risk from cyanobacteria blooms during the high-water-level period (July and August). In contrast, TN and TP are the key indices affecting the level of harm during the low-water-level period. Within a year, Chla, phytoplankton biomass, and TP are key indicators for the prediction of cyanobacteria blooms in Poyang Lake.     

新疆阿尔泰东部区域地球化学特征及成矿地质条件

位于新疆阿尔泰地区的额尔齐斯成矿带,矿产丰富。通过该区东部的区域化探,对区内地层、构造、岩浆岩的地球化学特征进行了全面了解,对某些基础地质问题进行了探索,提出了一些新认识;在此基础上,根据地球化学异常的分布和组合规律,对区内成矿地质条件进行了分析和潜在矿种的成矿前景进行了预测。按照这种分析和预测,在金矿等矿产上取得了突破。     

为对抗世界沙漠化培养人才的继续教育

沙漠化已是世界性的严重生态环境问题。沙漠化土地的整治是一门复杂的生态环境工程学科。中国沙漠化治理的成就和经验受到国际社会的重视, 中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所受国际组织委托为发展中国家举办了七期国际沙漠化治理讲习班, 取得了很好效果。当前发展中国家更需要对抗沙漠化的人才, 因此为对抗世界沙漠化培养人才的继续教育工程是当前一项迫切的任务, 期望得到国际社会的重视和支持。     

西藏尼洋河水生生物群落时空动态及与环境因子关系:3.大型底栖动物

于2008-2009年按照季节调查了西藏地区尼洋河大型底栖动物群落的组成和丰度,并运用多元统计方法定量分析了大型底栖动物的空间和季节变化特征及其与主要环境因子之间的关系.结果显示,石蚕幼虫、萝卜螺以及摇蚊幼虫是尼洋河主要的大型底栖动物,另外,随着海拔的升高,尼洋河大型底栖动物总丰度呈现降低趋势;Duncan检验法显示,物种总丰度在各采样点之间均不存在显著性差异;PCA方法显示,对于采样点,大型底栖动物总丰度最大值和最小值分别出现在采样点Ⅳ和采样点Ⅱ,对于季节,大型底栖动物总丰度最大值和最小值分别出现在秋季和冬季;CCA方法显示,可分别从尼洋河中上游和中下游两个河段来概括尼洋河大型底栖动物与环境因子之间的关系;CART模型显示,从11项环境因子筛选了4项环境因子用以解释它们与大型底栖动物总丰度之间的相互关系,这4项环境因子包括矿化度、总磷、海拔和季节,建议加强对大型底栖动物及这些环境因子的关注,保障尼洋河水域生态环境的可持续发展.     

Fe(Ⅲ)改性土壤用于微囊藻细胞及微囊藻毒素的去除

蓝藻水华及其释放的蓝藻毒素给我国很多地区的饮用水安全带来较大威胁.尽管去除蓝藻和净化藻毒素的技术目前已有较多报道,但能同时对二者起作用的技术方法还较少,发展能够同时去除蓝藻和蓝藻毒素的技术显得十分必要.根据前期Fe(Ⅲ)化合物去除微囊藻毒素的工作基础,选取4种不同的土壤对其进行Fe(Ⅲ)改性,并应用于微囊藻毒素的去除.结果表明,黏土含量高低决定土壤本身对毒素的吸附能力强弱;土壤经过离子改性后,其毒素吸附能力与其阳离子交换量大小直接相关,且毒素去除能力较未改性前有显著提高,其中效率提升最高的一种土壤离子改性后其吸附能力增加了约148倍.离子改性土壤对微囊藻细胞同样具有絮凝沉降功能,沉降能力同样随土壤对Fe(Ⅲ)负载能力的提高而上升,使用剂量提高时微囊藻沉降平衡时间明显缩短.在野外蓝藻水华去除实验中,蓝藻细胞去除可以保持与室内实验相近的高去除率,但蓝藻毒素的去除效率有一定的下降,可能与天然水体中其它杂质的竞争作用有关.     

涉及江苏省的几个重大地质问题

从大陆岩石圈动力学角度 ,提出了江苏基础地质科学研究所面临的主要前沿问题 ,如 :造山带、超高压变质带、花岗岩侵入机制、大面积分布的中生代火山岩的形成等。并对此作了总体上的分析 ,提出了个人见解。认为从中生代开始 ,不能不考虑古太平洋板块的巨大作用和影响。在考虑大陆地壳动力学时 ,必须考虑大洋地壳运动学 ;考虑大陆地壳增生时 ,同时要考虑洋壳的增生及消亡 ;考虑陆壳和洋壳动力时离不开岩石圈下面软流层的动力学     

山东省金桥煤矿塌陷地综合治理研究

通过对金桥煤矿开发利用方案的分析，结合煤层赋存特征，进行了塌陷地预测．并与首采区实际塌陷地对比分析了预测的可靠性。按照边开采边治理的原则，提出了首采区塌陷地综合治理方案，为恢复矿山环境提供了依据。