高光谱热红外数据反演地表温度与比辐射率方法研究

地表温度与地表比辐射率是陆地表层系统的两个重要特征物理量,它们反演的精度将在很大程度上影响间接导出的地表参量的准确性和相关遥感应用的有效性。多光谱热红外反演温度和比辐射率受到陆地表面类型复杂而观测信息不足的限制,很难同时反演出精确的地表温度数值和地表比辐射率数值。高光谱热红外传感器的出现,为更好地解决这一难题带来了机遇。利用高光谱热红外数据的优势和特性,提出了一种基于大气下行辐射残余指标(DRRI)的方法,实现了地表温度与地表比辐射率的准确分离。通过高光谱热红外模拟数据的反演实验表明DRRI方法具有运算速度快、结果精度高、抗噪声干扰能力强等优点。该方法能够应用于野外测量的高光谱热红外数据以及经准确大气校正后的星载高光谱热红外数据。     

一株南极细菌（Pseudoalteromonas sp.）对模拟海水养殖水体的净化作用

试验选用一株高产低温蛋白酶的南极细菌菌株Pseudoalteromonas sp. AN64,从溶解氧、化学需氧量、氨氮、亚硝态氮、pH值5个方面研究了南极细菌对养殖水体的影响。结果显示,随着饲料中蛋白质的散失,水体中蛋白质的含量在第7天达到高峰,溶解氧下降,化学需氧量持续上升,在第11天达最大值9.88 mg/L,并且维持在较高的水平。缺氧条件下,有害物质氨氮和亚硝态氮含量逐渐增加,在第9天和第11天分别达最大值0.65 mg/L和0.352 mg/L,而pH值持续下降,在第9天达最低值5.95。当水体中加入高产蛋白酶的南极菌株AN64后,蛋白质含量在第5天即达高峰,溶解氧无明显变化,化学需氧量在第7天达最高峰,比对照组提前4天,但含量仅约为后者的一半。同时,氨氮和亚硝态氮含量远低于对照组,分别仅为对照的47.7 %和26.5 %,而pH值有小幅下降,维持在6.85到7.52之间。由此可以看出,南极菌株产生的低温蛋白酶可以有效分解海水中的蛋白质,降低水体中的氨氮和亚硝态氮等有害物质,维持pH值的稳定性,为健康养殖提供了有效途径。     

中国东部植被NDVI对气温和降水的时空响应(英文)

Temporal and spatial response characteristics of vegetation NDVI to the variation of temperature and precipitation in the whole year,spring,summer and autumn was analyzed from April 1998 to March 2008 based on the SPOT VGT-NDVI data and daily temperature and precipitation data from 205 meteorological stations in eastern China.The results indicate that as a whole,the response of vegetation NDVI to the variation of temperature is more pronounced than that of precipitation in eastern China.Vegetation NDVI maxi...     

Estimation of Site Effects on Stations in the Capital Circle Region Using the Generalized Inversion Method

Generalized Inversion Method has been used to estimate the spatial variation of site effects,using the digital data of SH-waves recorded by 63 stations in the Capital Circle Region of China from 2001 to 2006.We gained the site effects of all stations participating in the calculation.We found that the site effect of rock was stabile and about 1.0 from 1.0Hz to 10.0Hz,while the site effect of deposit was high in low frequencies,about 3 ～ 7 from 1.0Hz to 8.0Hz,and the site effect was protuberant at about 5.0Hz,then fell as the frequency increased.The result shows the shape and intensity of station site effects are mainly influenced by the lithology below the station,and possibly also by the local geological structure.     

汶川地震强余震与引潮力关系的初步研究

以汶川地震为例,统计分析2008年5月12日—2009年9月30日5级以上强余震与引潮力的关系,发现平行断层方向的线应变引潮力峰(谷)值时间与汶川地震及强余震发震时间的对应关系较好,且其对应程度与断层性质有关。综合分析认为,引潮力可能是地震的诱发因素之一。     

四川青川县乔庄镇城区活动断裂探测与评价

青川县乔庄镇主城区坐落于乔庄河Ⅰ级河流阶地面上,平武-青川断裂分为3支呈隐伏状穿过主城区,地表未见明显的断裂新活动形迹。2008年5月12日发生的汶川MS8.0级地震,对青川县乔庄镇造成了比较严重的破坏,出现了沿平武-青川主干断裂通过位置震害显著加重的条带状异常现象,但未见明显的地表破裂。本文在地面地质调查、浅层地球物理勘探和探槽开挖验证结果的基础上,对平武-青川断裂在乔庄镇主城区的通过位置进行了重新定位,定位结果与前人研究结果存在一定的差异。结合地表调查发现的零星地表破裂和探槽下部砂砾石层出现的小尺度变形及位错现象分析,乔庄镇条带状震害加重异常现象应是平武-青川断裂在汶川地震时发生的近地表错动所致。由此联系到汶川地震的余震条带与平武-青川断裂乔庄以东段基本重合的事实,平武-青川断裂的活动性应是下一步研究工作的方向。     

地形对地震烈度衰减的影响

本文采用阶跃截面固体的一维弹性波传播模型,研究了地形对地震烈度衰减的影响。采用固体入射纵波来模拟无地形影响的地震烈度衰减;采用固体透射波来模拟有地形影响的地震烈度衰减。利用阶跃截面处的放松连续条件,得出了烈度与高度差的近似定量关系。同时,以新疆地区逆冲走滑型地震为例,讨论了烈度与高度差的近似定量关系描述地形对地震烈度衰减影响的有效性。     

Overview on seagrasses and related research in China

Seagrass research in China is still in its infancy. Even though there has been progress recently, there is still a great deal of research needed to gain a better understanding of seagrass. In this article we review and discuss the advances in seagrass research in China from two aspects: (1) seagrass species and their distribution; (2) seagrass research in China, including studies on their taxonomy, ecology, photosynthesis, applications in aquaculture, salt-tolerance mechanisms and other research topics. A total of 18 seagrass species belonging to 8 genera are distributed in nine provinces and regions in China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan), as well as the Xisha and Nansha Archipelagos. They can be divided into two groups: a North China Group and a South China Group. Based on the seagrass distribution, the Chinese mainland coast can be divided into three sections: North China Seagrass Coast, Middle China Seagrass Coast, and South China Seagrass Coast. Ecological studies include research on seagrass communities, nutrient cycling in seagrass ecosystems, genetic diversity, pollution ecology and research in the key regions of Shandong, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan. Seagrass species and their locations, community structure, ecological evaluation, epiphytes, ecological functions and threats in the key regions are also summarized. Other studies have focused on remote sensing of seagrass, threatened seagrass species of China, and pollen morphology of Halophila ovalis.     

Comparison of ciliature microtubule organelles in three hypotrichous ciliate species

We examined the structure and spatial organization of ciliature base-associated microtubules (BAM) in three hypotrichous ciliates (Stylonychia mytilus, Pseudourostyla cristata, Euplotes woodruffi) in fluorescence microscopy. The results revealed that BAM, including the anterior (ALM), posterior longitudinal microtubule (PLM) and the transverse microtubule (TM) bands, are composed of tubulin. The respective microtubular bands have cytoplasmic polarization patterns that are significantly asymmetric. The BAM of the midventral files in P. cristata appear cord-shaped compared with the ALM bands of transverse cirri in both S. mytilus and E. woodruffi, which extend to the left anterior side of the cell before converging. The TM bands of the left marginal cirri (MC) in S. mytilus extend to the right side of the cell, while those of the right MC bands extend to the left. Our observations suggest that BAM traits are common in hypotrichous ciliates even though different species possess different microtubule arrangements related to the conserved cirral morphogenetic patterns in the respective species. The differing development of BAM in the three ciliate suggests that the microtubules may be conserved in different hypotrichs. We have also demonstrated that the BAM, which appear polar and asymmetric, are localized in specific cytoskeletal positions and extend in different orientations within the cortex to connect with other ciliature-associated structures and, thus, strengthen the cortex. These BAM features indicate that they are directly associated with cell motion.     

Response of upper ocean currents to typhoons at two ADCP moorings west of the Luzon Strait

We deployed two ADCP mooring systems west of the Luzon Strait in August 2008, and measured the upper ocean currents at high frequency. Two typhoons passed over the moorings during approximately one-month observation period. Using ADCP observations, satellite wind and heat flux measurements, and high-resolution model assimilation products, we studied the response of the upper ocean to typhoons. The first typhoon, Nuri, passed over one of the moorings, resulting in strong Ekman divergence and significant surface cooling. The cooling of surface water lagged the typhoon wind forcing about one day and lasted about five days. The second typhoon, Sinlaku, moved northward east of the Luzon Strait, and did not directly impact currents near the observation regions. Sinlaku increased anomalous surface water transport exchange across the Luzon Strait, which modulated the surface layer current of the Kuroshio.