南黄海中部的低能沉积环境

利用沉析法和筛板法及显生微镜等方法，对１９８８年以来采自南黄海表层和浅孔样品进行粒度，矿物及生物组合等多种分析，应用沉积物的粒度参数来判别沉积环境。研究结果表明，南黄海陆架的沉积环境十分复杂。在其中部，有一个低能量的沉积动力活动区，它的各种属性都与南黄海冷水团密切相关。     

西沙群岛鱼类复殖吸虫 Ⅱ

作者继续整理1977年在西沙群岛采集的鱼类复殖吸虫标本,共得4科19种,其中有7新种。分别描述于后(新种的鉴定见表1)。其它为地区或宿主新纪录(种名见表2)。测量一律用毫米,卵子为微米。模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所。     

Nonlinear Analysis of Nearshore Wave Height Variation Due to Shoaling

Wave formulae derived from the dispersion relation for cnoidal waves are used to find an analytical solution to the problem of nearshore wave height variation on a simple topography, i. e., with an incrementally constant slope. The solution accounts for shoaling, frictional dissipation and will be sufficiently accurate for practical purposes considering the simplified assumptions which are necessary for the treatment of this problem by any method.     

饥饿对日本囊对虾幼体发育、摄食及存活的影响

本实验研究了饥饿对日本囊对虾蚤状幼体Ⅰ期发育、摄食及存活的影响。结果表明．饥饿对对虾幼体的变态存活有显著影响，饥饿时间与变态率及变态时间呈线性关系．饥饿对日本囊对虾幼体首次摄食影响显著。本实验中，日本囊对虾的蚤Ⅰ幼体的PNR100应为40h。     

Laboratory Studies on Property Changes in Surrounding Clays Due to Installation of Deep Mixing Columns

This paper has identified six major factors causing property changes in surrounding soils during and after installation of deep mixing columns: soil thixotropy, soil fracturing, cement penetration and diffusion, cementation, consolidation, and heating. Laboratory tests were performed to investigate the effects of soil thixotropy, soil fracturing, and cementation in a soft marine clay, Ariake clay. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate property changes in surrounding clays due to installation of deep mixing columns. Test results showed that an influential zone of property changes existed in surrounding clay ranging from the edge of the columns to the distance of about twice the radius of the columns. Within this influential zone, water content decreased as samples neared the columns, while pH values and electric conductivity increased. Test results also showed that undrained shear strengths of the surrounding clays decreased during mixing but regained after a 7-day curing period and continued increasing during 28 days in this study.     

浙东沿岸多港口台风增水预报方法的探讨

浙东海岸为东海沿岸遭受台风袭击严重的地段之一.而台风增水所导致的暴潮水位往往又是造成灾害的主要原因.因此,研制或改进出一种适应该地区台风增水的预报技术,并使之投入具体的预报业务,仍是当前一个迫切的研究课题.为此,我们在研究了“Pore模式”的基础上,结合我国具体情况,设计了东海海平面气压网格用于热带风暴(台风)增水的预报,建立一种多港口且具一定时效的预报模式.本文以浙东沿岸两个港口为例,作了初步检验,结果较好.     

Abundant seamounts of the Rano Rahi seamount field near the Southern East Pacific Rise, 15° S to 19° S

A widespread seamount province, the Rano Rahi Field, is located near the superfast spreading Southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR) between 15°–19° S. Particularly abundant volcanic edifices are found on Pacific Plate aged 0 to 6.5 Ma between 17°–19° S, an area greater than 100,000 km². The numbers of seamounts and their volume are several times greater than those of a comparablysurveyed area near the Northern East Pacific Rise (NEPR), 8°–17° N. Most of the Rano Rahi seamounts belong to chains, which vary in length from 25 km to >240 km and which are very nearly collinear with the Pacific absolute and relative plate motion directions. Bends of 10°–15° occur along a few of the chains, and some adjacent chains converge or diverge slightly. Many seamount chains have fluctuations in volume along their length, and statistical tests suggest that some adjacent chains trade-off in volume. Several seamount chains split into two lines of volcanoes approaching the axis. In general, seamount chains composed of individual circular volcanoes are found near the axis; the chains consist of variably-overlapping edifices in the central part of the survey; to the west, volcanic ridges predominate. Near the SEPR, the volume of nearaxis seamount edifices is generally reduced near areas of deflated cross-sectional area of the axial ridge. Fresh lava flows, as imaged by sidescan sonar and sampled by dredging, exist around some seamounts throughout the entire survey area, in sharp contrast to the absence of fresh flows beyond 30 km from the NEPR. Also, the increases in seamount abundance and volume extend to much greater crustal ages than near the NEPR. Seamount magnetization analysis is also consistent with this wider zone of seamount growth, and it demonstrates the asynchronous formation of most of the seamount chains and volcanic ridges. The variety of observations of the SEPR seamounts suggests that a number of factors and mechanisms might bring about their formation, including the mantle upwelling associated with superfast spreading, off-axis mantle heterogeneities, miniplumes and local upwelling, and the vulnerability of the lithosphere to penetration by volumes of magma. In particular, we note the association of extensive, recent volcanism with intermediate wavelength gravity lineaments lows on crust aged 6 Ma. This suggests that the lineaments and some of the seamounts share a common cause which may be related to ridge-perpendicular asthenospheric convection and/or some manner of extension in the lithosphere.     

长江口区营养盐的分布特征及三峡工程对其影响

在长江口海区,长江冲淡水、台湾暖流、黄海冷水等多种水系混合、交汇,错综复杂。对河口营养盐分布变化规律的研究,将为河口环境和生态变化提供可靠的依据,营养盐作为长江口这一世界著名渔场的化学物质基础具有重要意义。本文通过对长江口及其附近海域的周年观察,讨论了各种营养盐(包括磷、硅和氮)的时空变化规律和它们在河口的转移过程,估算了营养盐的年输出量,并提出了长江流量和营养盐输出量之间的关系,初步预报了三峡工程对长江口营养盐可能产生的影响。     

模拟36.5米氮氧饱和潜水26昼夜和60、70及75米空气巡潜对人体脑电图的影响

饱和潜水技术能提高水下作业效率,还可藉巡回潜水来增加水下作业深度,因此从六十年代以来在世界潜水技术先进国家中得到迅速发展,目前已成为进行潜水作业的一种重要手段.在空气潜水中,脑功能的变化早就引起人们的注意,高压氮会引起人体象酒精中毒样的麻醉症状,因此,一些水下生理和医学家们不但把脑电图作为潜水员选拔的体检指标,而且还用作潜水时健康检查和监护的重要手段.关于长期暴露于高气压环境下人体脑电图变化的研究尚属少见.本工作系统地记录了模拟36.5米氮氧饱和和潜水26昼夜各时期及进行不同深度空气巡潜时的脑电图,以探索长期暴露于高压氮氧环境对人体脑电图的影响以及适应过程中的变化规律.     

青海柴达木盆地第四纪下限

根据青海柴达木盆地9个钻孔岩心的岩石地层学,磁性地层学、气候地层学、微体古生物学、地球化学、岩相学、新构造运动等学科的综合研究,本文认为,青海柴达木盆地大约在2.48Ma B.P.前后,曾发生一系列的环境变化,可以用2.48Ma B.P.为第四纪下限。这一见解与中国其它地区工作结果是一致的。这一环境剧变的原因,应当归于青藏高原的隆升。以往文献中所谓3.00Ma B.P.的第四纪下限,当是更早的构造运动的表现。