一次西南低涡形成过程的数值试验和诊断(一)——地形动力作用和潜热作用对西南低涡影响的数值试验对比分析

本文用中尺度有限区域模式对1981年7月11—14日的一次西南低涡暴雨过程进行数值试验,并讨论了地形动力作用和潜热加热对西南低涡形成的影响。 在基本试验中,较好地模拟了西南低涡的形成,其位置以及引起的降水量与实际情况比较一致。地形试验表明,地形动力作用对高原南侧的西南气流具有明显的阻挡作用,并决定着西南低涡的形成。潜热试验表明,潜热通过加强西南低涡上空高层辐散和低层辐合,使该低涡发展。     

Effect of coal mine waters of variable pH on springwater quality: A case study

Disruption of coal strata during mining accelerates pyrite oxidation by exposing greater surface areas of the reactive mineral to weathering. Acidic water in a coal mine in the Niangziguan spring watershed is related to this process and is characterized by low pH (min. 2.52) and high sulfate (max. 4100 mg/I), iron (max. 257 mg/I), and hardness (max. 2274.45 mg/I). However, it is possible that the kind of acidic coal mine water is subsequently neutralized because of the dissolution of calcite present in the coal strata. The hydrochemical characters of the alkaline coal mine water produced are high pH (max. 8.18), sulfate (max. 542 mg/I), and hardness (max. 1183.56 mg/I) and lower iron (min. 0.12 mg/I). Experiments were conducted to further understand the mechanism of the formation of both acidic and alkaline waters in the spring watershed coal mines by modeling natural conditions with simplification, and the results of the experiments have shown that they are basically successful. The high sulfate (max. 223.82 mg/I) and hardness (max. 435.53 mg/I) of the Niangziguan springs are related to the influence of the neutralized acid coal mine water as demonstrated by analysis of water temperature, total dissolved solid, Q-mode cluster analysis, and sulfur isotopes. The influence of the neutralized acid coal mine water on the pH and iron in the springs is not obvious because of the neutralization effect of calcite in aquifer, the buffer effect of groundwater, and the precipitation of iron. Some measures to prevent the formation of acid and alkaline coal mine water are presented.     

贵州及邻区中奥陶世十字铺期岩相及古环境重塑

一、区域地质背景研究区位於上扬子地台康滇古陆的西面。从震旦纪到早奥陶世,研究区逐渐从陆棚发展成一个碳酸盐台地,其西面为滨、浅海,东面为盆地。中奥陶世十字铺期由于受太康运动的影响,其沉积特征和古地理格架明显不同于以前。十字铺期系指Clypt.austrodentatus/Clypt.sinodentatus带的结束到头足类Sinoceras chinense(Foord)的大量出现或Sinoceras chinense(Foord)和牙形刺Hamarodus europaeus同时出现的一段时间。这一时期由于古陆已历经剥蚀,地势平缓,起伏不大,陆源物质供应量逐渐减少,陆表海以内源沉积物为主,广泛发育了碳酸盐岩沉积。黔中地区虽有上升,但仍为平缓的水下隆起,其对台地上南北方向上的岩相变化起到了一定影响。     

胶东两大成因系列金矿石英包裹体氢氧同位素及成矿流体组分地球化学研究

胶东金的成矿作用是在以前寒武纪绿岩带为初始矿源层背景上演化的。与各时代地质热事件相匹配的成矿作用形成了区域两大内生成因系列热液金矿——元古宙变生热液金矿及中生代大气降水热液金矿。成矿流体与围岩相互作用过程中的δD、δ~(18)O演化规律及成矿流体化学组分一方面揭示了这两种矿床成因的差异,另一方面又反映了它们存在着某些内在的成因联系。     

广西芒场锡-多金属矿田叠加褶皱构造及趋势面分析研究

 本文利用传统构造地质学中小构造要素统计方法,从空间上恢复并确定了芒场锡-多金属矿田内印支早期北北西向芒场复背斜和燕山晚期北北东向褶皱;利用趋势面分析方法给出了两期褶皱的叠加部位及其控矿模型。根据叠加褶皱具等距性控矿特点,笔者预测了已知矿床外围的两个未知矿点,经野外验证和工程揭露表明,上述矿点均见有锑、银矿化。     

江西东乡—相山中生代火山岩中富铝矿物的发现和成因意义

本文讨论在江西东乡上侏罗统虎岩组凝灰岩和相山鹅湖岭组碎斑熔岩中新发现的石榴石、红柱石等富铝硅酸盐矿物。石榴石呈自形的菱形十二面体,常包裹含钛磁铁矿、针状磷灰石等矿物包裹体。电子探针分析表明,东乡产出的石榴石为铁铝榴石,相山为钙质铁铝榴石。根据石榴石—熔体成分计算石榴石形成时温度为1060℃,压力为6×10~8Pa。二长温度计计算长石形成温度为785℃。从而证实石榴石为岩浆成因,厘定了本区火山岩是S型。