中国台风降水分离客观方法的改进研究

针对中国台风降水的分离问题，对原客观分离方法进行改进研究。首先提出判别指标，然后对主、客观方法分离台风降水结果进行对比分析，在此基础上确定了将原客观方法中两个重要的参数由固定参数调整为可变参数的方案思路，并最终确定了最佳改进方案。结果显示，客观分离方法的改进效果十分明显。此外，对客观方法进行个例检验，并引入了美国卫星综合降水（CMORPH）资料，结果表明改进后客观方法在双台风降水和台风与中纬度系统相互作用产生的降水识别上均表现出较强的能力。     

晋东南沁水盆地石炭纪和二叠纪岩相古地理及聚煤作用研究

晋东南沁水盆地是目前我国进行煤层气勘探开发的主要地区之一，煤层气储层主要分布在石炭系和二叠系，其厚度明显受沉积古地理控制。本文通过对露头及钻井剖面的岩石学和沉积相研究,对该区主要含煤岩系-山西组和太原组进行了岩相古地理和煤储层聚集控制因素分析。太原组以石灰岩、铝土质泥岩、粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩及砂岩为主，厚度44.90～193.48 m，含多层可采煤层，总厚度0～16.89 m，平均7.19 m。在太原组沉积期，研究区北部发育下三角洲平原相，煤层相对较厚，中部和南部为泻湖相，煤层相对较薄，东南角主要为滨外碳酸盐陆棚相，在晋城一带障壁砂坝相分布区，煤层亦较厚；山西组以砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩为主，石灰岩仅在局部地区见到，该组厚18.60～213.25 m，含可采煤层1～2层，总厚度0～10.0 m，平均4.20 m，在山西组沉积期，北部以下三角洲平原分流河道相为主，中部和南部以分流间湾相为主，东南部则以河口砂坝相为主，厚煤带都位于中部和南部的三角洲分流间湾地区。总之，太原组富煤地带多与砂岩富集带相吻合，位于北部下三角洲平原和南部障壁砂坝地区，而山西组厚煤带大都位于南部三角洲分流间湾地区。     

柴达木盆地东北部3500年树轮定年年表的初步建立*

利用柴达木盆地东北部山地上生长的活树,尚未倒伏的死树和山前洪积扇上古墓中保存的椁木、棺木和封土柏木,在树轮年代学交叉定年技术的支持下,建立了该区长达3500年的树轮定年年表。最长的活树样本可追溯到公元404年,古木样本覆盖的时段是公元前1580年~公元793年,而死树样本覆盖了公元130~1794年。3种样本在时间上具有很长的重叠时段,为建立长定年年表提供了可行。样本间能够很好地交叉定年。此外,古木和死树在重叠时段轮宽变化的相关系数是0.51,死树和活树的是0.41,并且古木和活树的是0.61。这种极显著的相关关系说明建立长定年年表是可能的。将程序COFECHA为每个活树样点保存的定年序列、古木的定年序列和死树的定年序列放在一起,再运行程序COFECHA,就建立了一个基于621棵树的样本量组成的总定年年表。该年表的取材完全独立于已发表的都兰年表,在时间上比都兰年表向前延伸了近1000年,使其能够达到商、周朝代。与调整后的都兰年表对比,发现两者在公元前328年~公元2000年之间完全能够交叉定年。文章所建的树轮定年年表是国内目前最长的连续年表,它可为我国西北干旱-半干旱区树轮长序列的定年提供标尺。     

Explanation of land use in mountainous area,China: from field to village level

Few studies of land use change were particularly considered the hierarchical data structure originating from different scales and levels. Using interviewing data collected from 107 villages, 1,050 households and 4,780 fields between November 2003 and August 2005, the objective of this paper is to predict the occurrence of land use from field to village level in mountainous area, China, and to improve our understanding of the causes of land use. Household’s behavior in the choice of land use type is guided by multiple, often confiding, household objectives, subject to the available resources, possible productive activities, and external economic and biophysical constraints. For rice model, the household level variables cannot be substituted by village level aggregates. Aggregated variables at village level do not capture any of the variability at the household level. Village level variables can virtually be explained in virtue of the variables of field and household level. The households and the villages show significant clustering of the occurrence of rice, and they explain the 11.3 and 4.5% variance, respectively. For corn model, corn as dependent variable does not show any significant variance component. The variables of household and village level have lower effects on the occurrence of corn. There is a significant relation between slope of a field and the choice to cultivate corn and a significant random effect at the village level. However, cropland size, input–output, transportation cost, even family income in household level and road density and food market development in village level, at some extent, are controlled by slope. These variables do not influence corn cultivation significantly and that those are predominantly determined by slope. In a word, the household level can be crucial in explaining land use at the field level. Multilevel analysis can be applied to statistically model the occurrence of land use, and to explore a number of cross-scale propositions. An erratum to this article can be found at     

新疆塔里木板块西北缘早二叠世深水遗迹化石的发现及意义

在新疆塔里木板块西北缘下二叠统比尤勒提群中部首次发现了大量深水遗迹化石,主要包括Glockeria Ksiazkiewicz1968,Helminthoida sp.,Megagrapton sp.,Paleodictyon sp.,Paleodictyon(Glenodictyum)Croaticum Ulchman1995,Planolites sp.,Protopaleodictyon sp.,Scalaritubamissouriensis Weller1899,Spirophycus sp.等,代表典型深海环境的Nereites遗迹相。根据对温古尔剖面的研究,比尤勒提群下部为浅海陆棚相砂泥质灰岩、粉砂质泥岩、粉砂岩、泥晶灰岩等;而含丰富遗迹化石的比尤勒提群中部为一套深海海底扇沉积的浊积岩系夹少量硅质岩,并且在浊积扇的不同位置所产遗迹组合类型也明显不同,扇根以觅食迹为主,含大量穿相分子,扇中开始出现牧食迹,扇梢则出现特征的耕作迹;比尤勒提群上部为浅海陆棚-滨海相沉积的硅质灰岩、泥晶灰岩和砂质灰岩及粉砂质泥岩、钙质砂岩等。该套遗迹化石组合与深海浊积事件密切相关,同时表明塔里木板块西北缘早二叠世时期存在一个陆棚浅海-深海盆地沉积环境,晚二叠世时期海水向西退去形成陆相沉积。     

内蒙古喀喇沁早中生代闪长岩的岩石学,地球化学及其成因

本文研究了内蒙古喀喇漏沁地区含镁铁质－超镁铁质堆晶岩和基性麻粒岩捕虏体的闪长岩的同位素年代学、岩石学及地球化学,得到以下几点认识：（１）闪长岩全岩和单矿物Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄为２１９～２２３Ｍａ。（２）闪长岩与其中的堆晶岩和基性麻粒岩捕虏无成因联系;（３）各类闪长岩可能是太古宙斜长角闪岩高度部分熔融的产物;（４）闪长岩的形成与研究区早中生代的底侵作用有关,反映了伸展构造背景。     

Phosphatized Punctatus with mouthparts and its embryo fossils from the Lower Cambrian of Ningqiang, south Shaanxi, China

The appearance of coelenterates marks the real beginning of metazoan evolution. It therefore has a prominent position in the origin and evolutionary history of organisms, and is also a pivotal question of evolutionary biology. Punctatus is an extinct, ancient marine animal from the early stage of the Cambrian explosion, occurring at the lowermost Cambrian of both Kuanchuanpu (Ningqiang, Shaanxi) and Maidiping (Emei, Sichuan) areas. Punctatus has been studied for many years since the discovery of its fragments. Systematic and phylogenetic analysis has long been limited because of the rarity of complete specimens. In order to improve research into Punctatus, more than ten thousand globular fossils were recovered by means of “Chemistry Retting”. On the basis of the study of these globular fossils, a series of Punctatus fossils with cone parts and finely preserved soft-tissue mouthparts and fossilized metazoan embryo were recovered. Through research on characteristics such as shape, modality and structure of these fossils symbiotic with Punctatus emeiensis, the author found many possible embryo fossils including the evidence of gastrula-stage animal fossils. The sequence of fetation might have appeared on the corolliform oral region of Punctatus emeiensis. A study of the soft tissues, functional morphology and the sequence of embryo fossils shows evidence that Punctatus resembles coelenterate polyps in systematic classification. Perhaps it also represents an ancestor of the coelenterate with an original tentacle. A comparison with the real “tentacle animal” found in the Chengjiang Fauna, shows that the original tentacle is very tiny and its function range is limited. This reveals the primitive nature of the animal. Although the original tentacle is so small, it does exist, representing the first big step towards the real flexible tentacle with a strong function from the early evolving tentacle. Translated from Journal of Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2006, 45(2): 182–194 [译自: 古生物学报]     

2006年4月11—12日寒潮天气成因

利用天气图和数值预报产品，对2006年4月11—12日河南省寒潮天气过程的环流形势、单站气象要素变化及成因等进行了分析，结果表明：500hPa横槽转竖是寒潮天气产生的重要影响系统；850hPa冷平流是强降温的主要原因。     

Variations in Holocene fire activity and its controls in the Ningshao Plain,eastern China

Extensive fires pose catastrophic threats to both human and natural ecosystems. Understanding the history of fire, particularly Holocene palaeofire activity in densely populated areas, is essential for predicting future fire risks and developing effective fire management policies. The complexity of fire activity is influenced by various factors, including climate and anthropogenic activities. In this study, we analysed microcharcoal from the top 35.36 m of a well-dated sediment core HMD1401 in Ningshao Plain, eastern China. We combined our findings with phytolith and diatom evidence to obtain a comprehensive understanding of variations in Holocene fire activity and its controls. The results showed that there was higher fire activity during the early and late Holocene and less fire activity during the mid-Holocene. More frequent fire occurred from c. 10 000–7000 cal. a BP and was primarily caused by abundant biomass and high seasonal flammability due to increased annual temperature and precipitation and warm but dry winter climate. Fire occurrences between c. 7000–2000 cal. a BP remained at a low level, except for the periods c. 5900–5600 cal. a BP and c. 5300 cal. a BP, which may have been caused by extreme climate events. The impact of fire caused by human activity was significantly enhanced during the last two millennia.     

广域电磁法在郑州地区深部地热资源勘查中的应用

应用广域电磁法对郑州地区深部寒武-奥陶系岩溶型热储进行探测研究,共布设了4条NNE向广域电磁测深剖面,获得了415个测深点。通过对广域电磁测深数据的处理、分析和反演,获得了研究区内4000 m以浅的二维电性结构模型。综合区域地质资料,地层由新到老依次划分为第四系-新近系、三叠系、二叠系-石炭系、奥陶系-寒武系、元古界。推断了新郑-太康断裂、大隗镇断裂、张庄断裂、推断断裂F4和李粮店断裂的位置、产状等信息。其中,新郑-太康断裂为新郑凸起与薛店-尉氏南次凹带的分界断裂,控制了三叠系沉积。基于地层和断裂分布特征,推断了7个深部寒武-奥陶系岩溶型热储的有利部位,认为位于新郑-太康断裂的DR1热储部位成热条件最好。