Multi-scale Characteristics and Comprehensive Evaluation of Precipitation Heterogeneity in Guangxi

Aiming at the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and frequent occurrence of drought and waterlogging disasters in Guangxi, the multi-scale characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of precipitation heterogeneity can provide scientific support for regional response to drought and waterlogging disasters and intelligent management of water resources. Based on the daily precipitation data of 87 grid points from 1961 to 2017 in Guangxi, the Precipitation Concentration Degree (PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Period (PCP) index were used to build day, pentad, ten days, month, season precipitation heterogeneity of multiple time scale level evaluation system. By using R/S analysis and geographical spatial analysis methods, the space-time evolution characteristics and climate division in Guangxi were discussed. The study showed that the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of PCD and PCP at the diurnal, synoptic and monthly scales were relatively consistent, and the heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi could be better expressed than that at the monthly and seasonal scales. The diachronic change of PCD in precipitation in Guangxi shows an increasing trend in northeast China and a decreasing trend in southwest China, and the trend of its future period is the same as the diachronic evolution. The spatial distribution of PCD in Guangxi has significant spatial autocorrelation and stratification heterogeneity, which are mainly reflected in the mean value, coefficient of variation and frequency of PCD. The comprehensive heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi is highly dispersed in the northeast, highly concentrated in the south, and slightly concentrated or dispersed in the northwest and central regions. The time-scale within a month is the best scale to express the non-uniformity of precipitation in Guangxi. If the advantages of more stable climatic and ten-day scales and more fine daily scales are taken into account, the use of climatic scale for daily sliding calculation and analysis will be the best way.     

基于MICAPS系统的气象图形Web显示

利用MICAPS系统后台运行程序,通过修改相关参数和编写程序,将天气实况、城市预报和数值预报产品等气象数据,在Web服务器上实时自动生成预报员熟悉的MICAPS图形,并在叠加底图后保存为标准图像文件.再通过Web语言设计,实现在Web网络上提供实时的、全面的、专业的气象图形,从而提高了气象网站的专业性和服务功能.     

利用滚动圆变换的多波束测深数据滤波算法

针对现有多波束测深数据自动滤波算法通常存在因过分追求人工滤波平滑效果,而有可能造成海底微地貌或小型障碍物被不合理删除的问题,以Ping为多波束测深数据处理单元,利用滚动圆变换具有在给定精度条件下可对线要素一定尺度的凹(凸)部进行定量识别和分析的特性,提出了基于滚动圆变换的多波束测深数据滤波算法。在VC++环境下对此算法的正确性和有效性进行了实验验证,结果表明,该算法能在保持海底地形完整性的基础上较好地滤除多波束测深数据中的粗差数据,有利于提高粗差检测的效率。     

高频浅地层剖面技术在海底管道探测中的应用

在海底管道的探测中,为获知海管在海底的真实赋存状态,确定其埋藏深度或悬跨高度,多使用高频浅地层剖面仪等传统声学设备。但在海底斜坡、凹坑、凸起等不平整地层处,由于设备自身原理造成的地层探测界面偏移、图像失真及资料多解性问题仍困扰着工程人员。通过正演模拟的方法探究高频浅地层剖面仪在海底特殊地层处海管检测的波场传播特征,探讨资料的解释陷阱,并提出了解决方案。研究结果表明,利用浅地层剖面仪探测管道在海底的赋存状态,应将探测图像与海底地形、地貌、沉积物运移等因素结合起来综合考虑,把探测图像回归到真实海底环境中,以准确评价海底管道的安全状态。     

中国海陆系列图地质图海域地质内容编图方法与特点

在执行海洋地质保障工程"1:500万中国海陆系列图-地质图"编图项目的过程中,研究并采用了较为新颖的海域地质内容编图方法,其中关键的技术是如何用叠置方法和透视方法表示海区被掩盖的地质体。叠置法无疑是按正常沉积序列表示地层的叠置关系;透视法的关键步骤就是将叠置在新近系之下的地质体透视到图面上。此方法可归纳为块、线、面三层透视,即被掩盖的中生界、浅层侵入岩或前古生代地壳以"块"的形式透视,其上叠置的古近系则以"线"的形式透视,线叠置在块之上,最上层的新近系以"面"表示。当然,有透视内容的区域此新近系"面"视为透明。对照20世纪80年代以来前人编制海域地质图的一些做法及其优缺点,此编制方法明显优于其他方法。有望今后在国内外海洋地质调查和研究部门进一步推广使用。     

联合GNSS和SLR观测对地球自转参数的解算与分析

目的 选取不同数量的IGS站,分别利用GPS和GPS+GLONASS观测数据计算ERP参数,并将结果和IGS公布值进行比较,分析测站数量增加和加入GLONASS观测数据对解算ERP参数的影响。此外,还利用GLO-NASS卫星的全部卫星激光测距(SLR)数据进行ERP参数解算,并将SLR结果和GNSS解算结果联合计算ERP,结果表明,联合SLR可改善GNSS数据解算ERP参数及高频ERP参数的系统性误差影响和稳定性。     

Fluid—Structure Interaction of Two-Phase Flow Passing Through 90° Pipe Bend Under Slug Pattern Conditions

China Ocean Engineering - Numerical simulations of evolution characteristics of slug flow across a 90° pipe bend have been carried out to study the fluid—structure interaction response...     

松辽盆地北部泉三、四段储层物性影响因素分析

发育于泉头组三、四段的扶余油层和杨大城子油层是松辽盆地的主力油层之一,该油层低孔特低渗的物性特征制约了扶杨油层的勘探开发。为了研究松辽盆地北部泉三、四段储层物性的影响因素和低渗透储层的成因,本文以12 062组实测孔隙度和渗透率数据为基础,讨论了泉三、四段的物性影响因素。结果表明,总体上影响泉三、四段储层物性的主要因素是成岩作用,其次是沉积作用。泉三、四段储层成分成熟度低、粒度细、泥质含量高、成岩作用强是渗透率低的根本原因。但在不同成岩阶段,沉积相和成岩作用对储层物性的影响不同,在早成岩阶段储层物性主要受沉积相的影响,在中成岩阶段A2亚期以后储层物性主要受成岩作用影响,在中成岩阶段A1亚期储层物性受二者的影响程度相近。处于不同成岩阶段、发育于不同沉积相的砂体,可形成各种类型的储层。     

Diatom‐based reconstruction of summer sea‐surface salinity in the South China Sea over the last 15 000 years

We present a new reconstruction of summer sea‐surface salinity (SSS) over the past 15 000 years based on a diatom record from piston core 17940, located on the northern slope of the South China Sea (SCS). The reconstructed diatom‐based summer SSS values for the modern period are in accord with instrumental observations of summer SSS in the area. Here, the modern summer SSS is primarily controlled by river runoff, in particular from the Pearl River. The reconstruction presented in this study shows that the summer SSS varied between 33.3 and 34.2 psu over the past 15 000 years. The long‐term summer SSS trend closely followed the trend of the orbitally controlled solar insolation at 20°N, suggesting that orbital forcing was the dominant driver of changes in summer SSS in this area. Comparisons to speleothem δ¹⁸O data and studies of surface hydrography in the region suggest that changes in solar insolation affected the summer SSS through changes in the East Asian Monsoon and sea‐level changes associated with the last deglaciation. Univariate spectral analyses indicate that centennial‐scale oscillatory variations in summer SSS were superimposed on the long‐term trend. During the deglacial period (c. 12 000–9000 cal. a BP), the dominant periodicity was centred around 230–250 years, whereas a ～350‐year oscillation dominated in the period 2200–4500 cal. a BP. The balance of evidence suggests that these centennial‐scale changes in summer SSS may have been driven by solar‐induced changes in the East Asian Monsoon, but further evidence is needed to firmly establish this relationship.