湖北宜昌地区奥陶系五峰组-志留系龙马溪组获页岩气高产工业气流

正1研究目的(Objective)湖北宜昌王家湾是全球上奥陶统赫南特阶底界全球界线层型剖面所在地,也是世界上开展奥陶系和志留系界线对比研究的典型地区,具有很高的地层学研究水平。该地奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组下部以碳硅泥质页岩发育为特点,沉积连续,化石丰富,具有与中国已经建成的重庆涪陵焦石坝和长宁威远国家级页岩气勘探示范区页岩气勘探主力层系相似的地层和古生物发育特点。区域构造稳定,地层产状平缓,页岩气富集地质条件优越,但志留系页岩气的     

西藏“一江三河”地区地下水环境背景值初步研究

在分析对比国内外研究方法的基础上,选择数理统计方法,通过最广泛的数理统计法的应用原则、数据检验、背景值取值等问题的论述,对西藏"一江三河"地区地下水水质指标TDS,Ca²+,Mg²⁺,Na⁺环境背景值进行研究,并初步探讨了它们的空间分布规律及控制因素.结果表明,地形地貌、区域水动力条件等因素对研究区地下水指标的空间分布起主要控制作用.该结果为评价西藏"一江三河"地区地下水污染状况提供科学的依据.     

内蒙古赤峰地区早二叠世花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

以赤峰地区铭山复式岩体、尖山子岩体为研究对象,通过锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学研究,确定了其形成时代,探讨了岩石成因和岩浆源区性质及其形成的构造背景。LA-ICP-MS锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U测年结果表明,铭山复式岩体中灰白色斑状黑云二长花岗岩、尖山子岩体中浅肉红色细粒正长花岗岩分别形成于284.4±7.9Ma、294.7±8.5Ma,为早二叠世。根据地质体间接触关系可知,铭山复式岩体中的二长花岗岩岩体和尖山子岩体均为复式岩体,有待进一步解体。斑状黑云二长花岗岩SiO_2含量较高,K_2O+Na_2O含量较高,A/CNK1,属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。细粒正长花岗岩Al_2O_3含量为14.32%~15.14%,Na_2O/K_2O=0.71~0.99,A/CNK=1.17~1.20,在标准矿物中出现刚玉分子。二者微量元素特征相似,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,具Sr、P、Ti的负异常,表现出岛弧岩浆岩类特征。结合岩石地球化学、区域地质特征,认为赤峰地区早二叠世岩体形成于岛弧/活动大陆边缘构造背景,其形成与古亚洲洋向南俯冲有关。     

辽西北票(金-羊)盆地北票组层序地层及沉积体系特征

为揭示北票(金-羊)盆地内北票组层序地层特征及沉积体系分布规律,应用层序地层学及沉积学理论和方法,综合利用野外露头、剖面等资料,建立了北票(金-羊)盆地北票组的层序地层格架,确定研究区的沉积相类型及分布规律。研究结果表明,北票(金-羊)盆地北票组可划分为2个三级层序,其内部可进一步划分为7个准层序组。在层序内识别出冲积扇、辫状河三角洲、湖泊3个沉积相。明确了沉积相的分布规律,向上形成由冲积扇到辫状河三角洲,再到湖相,最后是辫状河三角洲的沉积体系;平面上呈近北西—南东向展布的沉积体系,整体构成2个水进、水退的沉积体系。古地貌影响了底部冲积扇相沉积物的沉积特征。气候不仅影响了沉积物类型,且和湖平面变化共同控制了沉积物的演化规律。     

Dynamical evolution properties of debris flows controlled by different mesh-sized flexible net barriers

Because the flexible net barrier is a gradually developed open-type debris-flow counter-measure, there are still uncertainties in its design criterion. By using several small-scale experimental flume model tests, the dynamical evolution properties of debris flows controlled by large and small mesh-sized (equal to D₉₀ and D₅₀, respectively) flexible net barriers are studied, including the debris flow behaviors, segregation, and permeability of sediments, as well as the energy absorption rates and potential overtopping occurring when debris flows impact the small mesh-sized one. Experimental results reveal that (a) two sediment deposition patterns are observed depending on variations in debris flow textures and mesh sizes; (b) the aggregation against flexible net barriers is dominated by flow dynamics; (c) the segregation and permeable functions of the barrier are determined by the mesh size, concentration, and flow dynamics; and (d) the smaller mesh-sized flexible net barrier tends to be more efficient in restraining more turbulent debris flows and can absorb greater rate of kinematic energy, and finally, the great kinematic energy dissipation that occurs when secondary debris flows interact with the post-deposits in front of the small mesh-sized flexible net barrier is believed to cause the failure of overtopping phenomenon. The mesh size is concluded to be the decisive parameter that should be associated with debris flow textures to design the control functions of flexible net barriers.     

Ion chemistry of groundwater and the possible controls within Lhasa River Basin,SW Tibetan Plateau

In order to study the major ion chemistry and controls of groundwater, 65 groundwater samples were collected and their major ions measured from wells within Lhasa River Basin. Groundwater has the characteristics of slightly alkaline and moderate total dissolved solid (TDS). TDS concentration ranged from 122.0 to 489.9 mg/L with a median value of 271.2 mg/L. Almost all the groundwater samples suited for drinking and irrigation. The major cations of groundwater are Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, accounting for 59.6 and 31.3% of the cations, respectively. Meanwhile, HCO₃^? and SO₄^2? constituted about 56.7 and 36.9% of the anions, respectively, in Lhasa River Basin. The hydrochemical type of groundwater is HCO₃-SO₄-Ca-Mg. The chemical composition of groundwater samples located in the middle of Gibbs model, which indicates that the major chemical process of groundwater is controlled by rock weathering. Carbonate weathering was the dominant hydro-geochemical process controlling the concentration of major ions in groundwater within Lhasa River Basin, but silicate weathering also plays an important role.     

关于巴罗式变质带的最新研究及其对研究秦岭杂岩的意义

本文对苏格兰高地Grampian造山运动中产生的经典巴罗变质带进行了讨论,重点介绍了近年来关于其变质作用的特征及发生机制认识方面的重大变化。强调巴罗变质作用仅发生在整个造山运动过程中的部分时段,纪录了短暂的加热过程,时空上与区域内大规模的双峰式岩浆活动有关。经典的巴罗变质系列并非形成于地壳增厚及其热弛豫,而是代表了中地壳内大规模的接触变质作用。参考经典地区的变质特征,对发育巴罗式变质作用的秦岭杂岩进行了初步对比分析,指出其中与夕线石有关的变质P-T-t轨迹可能是等压冷却过程,而不是等温降压的顺时针演化模式。秦岭杂岩的变质作用时间仍需要进一步准确厘定。结合其它相关地质特征的分析和对比,得出如下推论:巴罗式变质带发育地区的变质作用、混合岩与花岗岩均属于同一动力系统作用的结果,花岗质岩体不是变质作用的原因;基性岩浆可能提供了巴罗式变质作用发生所需要的热能,但不是必要条件;巴罗式变质作用可以发生在正常地壳厚度情况下,不是碰撞构造的标志;伴随热异常的变形过程中产生了变质带的梯度分布(巴罗式变质带)和一些花岗岩,形成类似于底辟的冲起构造。     

湘东地区锡田印支期花岗岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

华南印支期花岗岩分布较为分散,其构造背景长期存在争议。湘东地区的锡田印支期花岗岩位于扬子板块和华夏板块的结合带中部,主要由黑云母花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗岩组成,二者均含有较高的SiO_2(67.6%~76.8%)和全碱含量(ALK=K_2O+Na_2O,6.8%~10.7%),呈过铝质的特征(A/CNK值范围为1.0~1.2),分异指数D.I值为84~93;微量元素显示出Rb、Th、U富集和Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti亏损的特征,稀土元素配分图呈右倾海鸥状,轻重稀土分馏明显,指示岩体经历了高度的分异演化;P_2O_5和微量元素比值随着分异程度变化的特征,表明岩石过铝质的特征是由高度的分离结晶作用造成。锡田印支期花岗岩的ε_(Hf)(t)值为-11.3~-4.34,δ~(18)O值分布范围为6.9‰~10.8‰,O同位素分布较为分散,主要是记录了源岩与流体的不同特征。Hf同位素的二阶段模式年龄为1.6～2.2Ga,反映其源区主要为中元古-古元古代的华夏基底;Hf-O同位素呈现出良好的线性关系,同时未蚀变的花岗岩明显偏离源岩为沉积岩的大容山花岗岩,表明锡田花岗岩的形成受到了幔源岩浆的底侵作用。结合邻区邓阜仙岩体和王仙岭岩体的研究成果,显示研究区在印支期就处于伸展的构造背景,可能与古太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关。     

剪切带型金矿中金沉淀的力化学过程与成矿机理探讨

剪切带型金矿是一种重要的金矿床类型,有关该类型金矿的成因问题已开展了大量研究,但对于剪切带中金的沉淀析出机制和成矿过程仍存在较大争议,对于赋矿部位的构造属性与矿床关系的研究尚显薄弱。对此笔者整理分析了近年来国内外有关剪切带型金矿的研究进展,并结合我国胶东金矿的研究实例,运用断层阀和力化学理论分析发现,无论是脆性还是韧性剪切带,无论是脉型还是蚀变岩型金矿,其成矿的关键部位均与构造应力集中而导致的脆性破裂(特别是R、T、R’破裂的产生)和碎裂作用以及(多期)岩体侵位密切相关,并且脆性破裂所导致的压力骤降从而引发流体闪蒸的力化学过程可能是造成金沉淀析出成矿的有效机制,其中多期岩体侵位所提供的流体是成矿的物质基础。此外,从国内外实例可以看出,剪切带中的脆性破裂不仅发生于脆性或脆韧性构造域,也可以发生在较深层次的韧性构造域中,尽管韧性域中产生脆性破裂的原因还不十分清楚,但这可能是韧性剪切带成矿的关键机制之一。最后,综合岩体、流体、剪切带三者对成矿的耦合作用,文中提出剪切带型金矿的成矿机理为:(多期)岩体侵位-热液活动-构造剪切-应力集中-脆性破裂(碎裂)产生-压力骤降-流体闪蒸-元素(金)析出,如此循环往复方可形成大型剪切带型金矿。     

Paleogene Deformation and its Control Mechanism in the Central Part of Raoyang SagEI北大核心CSCD

Various Palaeogenic deformations have been recognized in the central part of the Raoyang Sag. Based on seismic interpretation, the sedimentary sequences, structure features and activity of main faults have been studied. The results show that the Xianxian detachment fault, which is located in the eastern boundary of the Raoyang Sag, was still active during the Cenozoic and controlled the basinal deformation. The detachment depth and deformation of the Xianxian detachment fault are discussed based on the area-balance theory. The results reveal that patterns of the Paleogene structures vary considerably from the north to the south. Activity of the main faults in the hanging wall of the Xianxian detachment led to a westward migration of the deposition center. On the other hand, the uplifting of the dome related to the detachment resulted in fast denudation of the overlying sediments in locals. The deformation of detachment fault and activities of the major faults controlled the Paleogene deformation in the central part of the Raoyang Sag. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.