云南恩洪向斜煤层重烃异常成因探讨

恩洪向斜煤层重烃气浓度极端异常,但重烃气来源至今不甚清楚。为此,本文通过对恩洪向斜煤样自然解吸阶段的 密集取样和分析测试,对重烃气成因进行了探讨。结果显示,恩洪煤样自然解吸气组分分馏规律明显,重烃气浓度随解吸 时间延长而显著增高;在自然解吸过程中,甲烷碳同位素组成略有变重,重烃气碳同位素组成没有明显变化,烷烃气碳同 位素始终呈现为正碳同位素系列;自然解吸气组分浓度与碳同位素组成之间具有良好的相关关系,但甲烷与重烃气的相关 趋势截然相反。因此,恩洪向斜煤层气主要起源于煤中有机质的热成因,但不排除部分甲烷具有次生生物成因的可能性。     

岩石爆破损伤模型的比选与改进

归纳了目前应用较为广泛的爆破损伤模型关于损伤变量的定义方法,基于FORTRAN与LS-DYNA自定义接口,将5种典型的爆破损伤模型成功导入LS-DYNA。根据具体的工程实例,对5种爆破损伤模型计算的精确性进行了对比计算和验证。结果表明,KUS模型与RFPA模型对应的结果与实测值更接近。选取计算结果较为准确的KUS模型进行改进,考虑压缩损伤,并修正了宏观弹性常数的确定方法,建立了拉压损伤模型,并对该模型的计算精确性进行验证,结果表明,该拉压损伤模型可以更好地定量描述岩体爆破损伤范围。     

岩溶塌陷光纤传感试验装置的标定试验

根据岩溶土洞(塌陷)变形演化特点,分析土体与传感光纤之间的力学关系,简化塌陷力学模型,加工塌陷模拟试验装置并进行试验。首先通过对光纤加载和卸载来模拟土洞形成过程顶板荷载的变化及分析传感光纤相应的变形和轴向应变特点,然后研究了土洞规模变化对光纤传感监测的影响。研究表明:在土洞形成过程中,因土洞规模和上覆土层荷载不一而导致的应力场的分布变化,以及不同光缆对应力场变化响应灵敏性的差异,是影响分布式光纤传感技术在岩溶土洞中应用的关键因子。文中所标定的光纤传感试验装置能较好地显示岩溶土洞形成演化过程中的应变变化特征,说明分布式光纤传感技术可应用于岩溶土洞的监测预警。      

CMP与CFG组合型桩复合地基载荷作用特性研究

针对深厚软土层工程特性较差的特点,使用刚度、长度各异的水泥搅拌桩(CMP)与CFG组合型桩进行地基处理是一种新的尝试。以哈大客运专线某工点地基处理为依托,采用Hardening-Soil本构模型对地层参数进行了反演分析和计算,结合现场试验和数值模拟等手段对这种新型组合型桩复合地基荷载传递特性进行了研究。研究表明,CFG桩是承受上部荷载的主体,CMP起到改善流塑状土体特性、保证基础完整性的作用;通过CMP的设置,CFG桩桩侧的负摩阻力弱化,从而提高了复合地基的整体承载能力。     

Using 4C OBS to reveal the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates at the northern continental slope of South China Sea

To investigate the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates in the northern continental slope of South China Sea, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey conducted four-component (4C) ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) surveys. A case study is presented to show the results of acquiring and processing OBS data for detecting gas hydrates. Key processing steps such as repositioning, reorientation, PZ summation, and mirror imaging are discussed. Repositioning and reorientation find the correct location and direction of nodes. PZ summation matches P- and Z-components and sums them to separate upgoing and downgoing waves. Upgoing waves are used in conventional imaging, whereas downgoing waves are used in mirror imaging. Mirror imaging uses the energy of the receiver ghost reflection to improve the illumination of shallow structures, where gas hydrates and the associated bottom-simulating reflections (BSRs) are located. We developed a new method of velocity analysis using mirror imaging. The proposed method is based on velocity scanning and iterative prestack time migration. The final imaging results are promising. When combined with the derived velocity field, we can characterize the BSR and shallow structures; hence, we conclude that using 4C OBS can reveal the distribution and velocity attributes of gas hydrates.     

基于一种脆性指标确定岩石残余强度

岩石的残余强度是岩石力学的重要指标,准确地评价岩石残余强度对于评价地下工程的稳定性以及优化岩体支护设计具有重要意义。基于岩石的三轴力学特性提出一种表征岩石峰后强度衰减行为的力学指标--岩石强度衰减系数,该指标可反映岩石的脆性程度,并提出岩石强度衰减系数与围压关系的幂函数模型。对22组不同成因的岩石常规三轴压缩试验数据进行幂函数模型参数拟合,发现不同岩石拟合所得参数离散性较大,分析其原因主要与岩石矿物组成和岩石结构特征等因素相关。在此基础上提出基于强度衰减方法确定岩石残余强度的方法,分析表明,该方法能够很好地拟合岩石残余强度试验数据,并能反映岩石结构性质对残余强度的影响。     

利用InSAR技术研究滇西南镇康—永德地区现今地壳形变特征

基于12景ALOS PALSAR卫星影像,利用InSAR的前沿技术,提取了2007~2010年滇西南镇康—永德一带的平均地壳形变速率和形变时间序列,并结合不同时段的水准和GPS监测结果,从三维角度研究了该区域现今的地壳运动特征。研究结果表明,水准资料显示的镇康—永德一带异常隆起区位于南汀河断裂带附近,范围沿北东—南西方向呈近椭圆形展布。这一地壳形变异常区在数十年尺度上表现为隆升(速率约2~3 mm/a),表明区域具备中强地震孕育的地壳形变背景。而在2007~2013的数年尺度上表现为大幅垂向形变波动,可能反映区域近年来地壳垂直运动比较活跃,应加强跟踪与监视。     

Geochronology of the Duguer range metamorphic rocks,Central Tibet: implications for the changing tectonic setting of the South Qiangtang subterrane

The Duguer area represents one of the few occurrences of high-grade metamorphic rocks in the ‘Central Uplift’ zone of the Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet. The metamorphic rocks consist mainly of orthogneiss, paragneiss, and schist. To better understand the formation of these rocks, seven samples of gneiss and schist from the Duguer area were selected for in situ zircon U–Pb analysis and Ar–Ar dating of metamorphic minerals. The results suggest two distinct metamorphic stages, during the Late Triassic (229–227 Ma) and Late Jurassic (150–149 Ma). These stages correspond to the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean and northward subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang Neo-Tethys oceanic crust, respectively. We suggest that the Late Triassic metamorphic rocks of the Duguer area in the central South Qiangtang subterrane provide evidence of continental collision between the North and South Qiangtang subterranes, following the subduction of oceanic crust. It is likely that deep subduction of oceanic crust occurred along the Longmu Co–Shuanghu–Lancangjiang suture zone (LSLSZ), which would have hindered exhumation owing to the high density of oceanic crust. Subsequent break-off and delamination of the subducted oceanic slab at ~220 Ma may have resulted in exhumation of high-pressure and high-grade metamorphic rocks in the South Qiangtang subterrane. The Late Jurassic ages of metamorphism and deformation obtained in this study indicate the occurrence of an Andean-type orogenic event within the South Qiangtang subterrane. This hypothesis is further supported by an apparent age gap in magmatic activity (150–130 Ma) along the magmatic arc, and the absence of Late Jurassic sediments.