物质点强度折减法边坡失稳判据选择方法

用物质点强度折减法求解边坡安全系数时,需要选择一定的失稳判据,而采用不同的失稳判据获得的安全系数通常存在一定差异.为此,采用物质点强度折减法对两个边坡算例进行了稳定性分析,对比研究了文献中常用的4种边坡失稳判据(计算不收敛、特征点位移突变、塑性应变贯通及界限值判据)在计算边坡安全系数时的合理性及适用性.同时,将Spen...     

湘黔地区震旦纪菌藻硅质岩特征及形成机理探讨

湘黔地区震旦纪菌藻硅质岩化学成分纯净,硅质矿物含量95%以上,几乎都为泥晶—微晶石英,石英结晶度平均为6.35。岩石具菌藻生物结构,以纹层状构造为主。其中丰富的菌藻生物化石,按形态可划分为三种类型。岩石属原生沉积成因,二氧化硅的聚沉一方面通过菌藻有机体的硅化作用,另一方面是菌藻生物化学作用引起微环境变化而导致二氧化硅的聚沉。     

基于k阶Voronoi多边形划分的k阶数据场拟合

讨论了k阶Voronoi图的离散点集的生成算法,挖掘了k阶Voronoi图的性质并加以证明;参照k阶Voronoi图的定义提出了k阶空间数据场的定义,并结合参考点利用其影响因子给出了低阶空间数据场的拟合函数通式;利用k阶Voronoi图对平面空间的平面区域最近邻近划分实现了对空间数据场的分割,从而将大量参考点集数据场化解为多个单元数据场的低阶拟合,有效地降低了数据场拟合的难度;提出了合并拟合和叠加拟合策略,实现了将单元数据场综合为完整的空间数据场。     

渤海湾牡蛎礁的研究现状与保护建议

通过对渤海湾西北岸全新世牡蛎礁调查研究现状及成果的梳理,阐述了牡蛎礁的结构特征、时空分布和古环境要素:(1)牡蛎礁和上覆泥质沉积层具有"二元结构"特征;(2)在距今8270年以来,沿北西-南东方向包括现代活体牡蛎礁在内共分为10~14道礁群(其中有4道可视作亚礁群);(3)"礁泥转换"和礁体内部直立的正常建礁层与水平夹层所记录的缓变型和突变型的环境变化信息;(4)确定了牡蛎礁顶板可以作为海面标志点,以礁顶的实测高度、再增加"±0.7 m"的礁顶起伏误差范围,重建当时的海平面;(5)牡蛎壳体的同位素研究揭示了牡蛎生长的年度和季节性变化规律;(6)牡蛎礁体及岭地共同记录了海岸线变迁历史.以此为基础,介绍了牡蛎礁博物馆选址和现代活牡蛎的调查结果.最后,提出了牡蛎礁的保护和利用牡蛎礁进行生态海岸修复的建议.     

GPS掩星技术低轨卫星计划的现状及进展

主要介绍了几个国际上已经实施的GPS掩星计划（GPS／MET，Φrsted,Sunsat,SAC-C,CHAMP)和在研的（COSMIC，ACE）低轨卫星计划的现状及取得的进展。通过总结可知，下一代GPS掩星接收器应具有体积小、质量轻（几百克）、低功耗的特点；能提供实时的卫星物理状态参数；飞行器上的自主计算和控制；星上数据通信和命令解释；所有跟踪数据应符合厘米级精密定轨的要求；能提供掩星和海洋反射实验的测量。     

Correlations among color,morphology, and luminosity for the luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample of the SDSS data release 5

We have investigated the correlations among color, morphology and luminosity for all LRGs, cut I LRGs, cut II LRGs, and Main galaxies that are also classified as LRGs. It is found that the morphology of LRGs is tightly correlated with luminosity. The rest-frame u-g color of cut I LRGs and cut II LRGs is nearly independent of luminosity, but the color of Main galaxies is correlated with luminosity. For cut I LRGs and Main galaxies, the early type proportion apparently changes with color: at the rest-frame u-g < 1.3 it increases strongly with increasing color, while at the rest-frame u-g > 1.3 it decreases with increasing color. We also notice that the morphology of cut II LRGs is only a weak function of color. Published in Astrofizika, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 335–345 (August 2007).     

Disk Thicknesses and Some Parameters of 108 Non-Edge-On Spiral Galaxies

We present disk thicknesses, some other parameters and their statistics of 108 non-edge-on spiral galaxies. The method for determining the disk thickness is based on solving Poisson's equation for a disturbance of matter density in three-dimensional spiral galaxies. From the spiral arms found we could obtain the pitch angles, the inclination of the galactic disk, and the position of the innermost point (the forbidden region with radius r 0 to the galactic center) of the spiral arm, and finally the thickness.     

重质碳酸钙表面改性及充填丁苯橡胶试验研究

重质碳酸钙是一种重要的无机矿物填料，经过表面改性，可以将其由普通填料变成性能优越的功能填料。本次研究选用鄂西优质重质碳酸钙为试验样品，采用干法表面化学改性方法对重质碳酸钙实施了改性，通过测定改性重质碳酸钙的活化率、湿润接触角、固液悬浮体的粘度、白度及表面化学成分对其性能进行考察，并对改性效果进行评价。在丁苯橡胶中的应用试验显示，改性重质碳酸钙充填丁苯橡胶的性能良好，其应用前景广阔。     

河北高阳低凸起深部热储层回灌注水诱发断层失稳危险性探讨

近年来, 注水诱发断层活化引发地震已成为深部地热资源安全开采面临的突出地质安全问题。河北高阳低凸起深部岩溶热储丰富, 区内分布多条隐伏断层, 研究旨在探明未来大规模开发高阳低凸起深部地热资源是否会诱发区内隐伏断层失稳破坏。研究基于华北地区综合地应力场, 利用莫尔-库伦准则计算热储区及邻区主要隐伏断层的初始稳定状态; 选用Hsieh and Bredehoeft水文模型计算代表性地热井回灌注水10~40年产生的超孔隙水压力值; 在初始稳定状态的基础上叠加该孔隙水压扰动, 采用断层滑动失稳概率评价方法, 分析长期回灌注水对断层稳定性的影响; 讨论断层走向与最大水平主应力夹角变化对断层滑动失稳风险的作用规律。结果表明: 高阳低凸起及邻区代表性地热井在170 m3/h注水速率条件下, 持续注水40年产生的超孔隙水压力值最大不超过11 MPa, 该扰动以注水井为中心向四周呈幂函数规律递减, 其影响范围不超过8 km; 持续回灌注水对高阳低凸起代表性地热井附近2 km范围内隐伏断层的稳定性影响显著, 部分断层滑动失稳概率超过85%, 具有极高的活化风险; 距离注水井2 km范围内不同走向的断层, 在单井回灌注水50年的作用下, 滑动失稳概率随断层走向与最大水平主应力夹角的减小而迅速增加。文章研究方法及相关成果可为国内外深部地热资源安全开发利用提供地质科学支撑。     

Modelling hydrological processes influenced by soil,rock and vegetation in a small karst basin of southwest China

Hydrological processes in karst basins are controlled by permeable multimedia, consisting of soil pores, epikarst fractures, and underground conduits. Distributed modelling of hydrological dynamics in such heterogeneous hydrogeological conditions is a challenging task. Basing on the multilayer structure of the distributed hydrology‐soil‐vegetation model (DHSVM), a distributed hydrological model for a karst basin was developed by integrating mathematical routings of porous Darcy flow, fissure flow and underground channel flow. Specifically, infiltration and saturated flow movement within epikarst fractures are expressed by the ‘cubic law’ equation which is associated with fractural width, direction, and spacing. A small karst basin located in Guizhou province of southwest China was selected for this hydrological simulation. The model parameters were determined on the basis of field measurement and calibrated against the observed soil moisture contents, vegetation interception, surface runoff, and underground flow discharges from the basin outlet. The results show that due to high permeability of the epikarst zone, a significant amount of surface runoff is only generated after heavy rainfall events during the wet season. Rock exposure and the epikarst zone significantly increase flood discharge and decrease evapotranspiration (ET) loss; the peak flood discharge is directly proportional to the size of the aperture. Distribution of soil moisture content (SMC) primarily depends on topographic variations just after a heavy rainfall, while SMC and actual ET are dominated by land cover after a period of consecutive non‐rainfall days. The new model was able to capture the sharp increase and decrease of the underground streamflow hydrograph, and as such can be used to investigate hydrological effects in such rock features and land covers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.