梅县嵩溪银（锑）矿流体包裹体轻烃组成及其矿床成因意义

嵩溪是一个新发现的大型银（锑）矿,位于永梅拗陷南段寨岗上火山沉积盆地的边缘。前人多认为其形成与火山活动有关,主要有海底基性火山喷流和中低温火山热液充填等成因观点。但矿物流体包裹体超高真空四极气相质谱系统测定表明其中存在多种轻烃气体,它们主要由C1~4饱和烷烃组成,仅含微量C2~4不饱和烯烃和芳烃,说明成矿过程基本未受到岩浆作用的影响。这些轻烃气为微生物作用成因和沉积岩围岩中Ⅱ类干酪根热解成因的混合气体。从有机气体组成看,嵩溪矿床的成矿背景属裂谷环境。本文的研究从一个侧面支持了作者等提出的嵩溪银(锑)矿可能属沉积热卤水改造型矿床的看法。     

Satellite-based damage mapping following the 2006 Indonesia earthquake—How accurate was it?

The Yogyakarta area in Indonesia suffered a devastating earthquake on 27 May 2006. There was an immediate international response, and the International Charter “Space and Major Disasters” was activated, leading to a rapid production of image-based damage maps and other assistance. Most of the acquired images were processed by UNOSAT and DLR-ZKI, while substantial damage mapping also occurred on the ground. This paper assesses the accuracy and completeness of the damage maps produced based on Charter data, using ground damage information collected during an extensive survey by Yogyakarta's Gadjah Mada University in the weeks following the earthquake and that has recently become available. More than 54,000 buildings or their remains were surveyed, resulting in an exceptional validation database. The UNOSAT damage maps outlining clusters of severe damage are very accurate, while earlier, more detailed results underestimated damage and missed larger areas. Damage maps produced by DLR-ZKI, using a damage-grid approach, were found to underestimate the extent and severity of the devastation. Both mapping results also suffer from limited image coverage and extensive cloud contamination. The ground mapping gives a more accurate picture of the extent of the damage, but also illustrates the challenge of mapping a vast area. The paper concludes with a discussion on ways to improve Charter-based damage maps by integration of local knowledge, and to create a wider impact through generation of customised mapping products using web map services.