中国国内旅游流空间场效应分析

从空间场效应的角度采用因子分析法,利用1999-2003年中国国内旅游抽样调查资料,分析国内旅游流的产生、分配、集聚、扩散的基本特征以及旅游流空间网络的相关性。结果表明:(1)经济是旅游流产生的主要驱动力,旅游资源是旅游流空间分配的主要驱动力; 目前国内已形成4大旅游流产生地和5大旅游流集聚地;(2)旅游集聚场与扩散场的等级结构受市场原则作用,表现为K=3序列的空间模式;(3)旅游集聚场地域结构呈"U"型特征,而旅游扩散场呈"三级阶梯"状格局;(4)β、γ指数揭示旅游流空间网络相关性较差。今后加快长江、黄河流域旅游带以及南部沿海、北部沿海和东北旅游区等"二带三区"的旅游网络化建设,是我国推进区域旅游合作的主要方向和重点区域,是实现旅游流空间流向合理调整与流量结构优化的关键。     

黑潮OLR距平指数与华南西部主汛期降水的关系

OLR距平场与华南西部主汛期降水的相关分析场显示,在黑潮区域有强烈的高相关信号反映。黑潮区OLR距平指数与华南主汛期降水的遥相关分析显示,前期黑潮区OLR距平指数的异常,可以成为预测主汛期降水有一定指示意义的前兆信号。并在此基础上建立主成分降维分析方法,对1989~2000年主汛期降水作预测及回代检验,检验结果准确率达75%,说明用黑潮区OLR距平指数作为预报因子可以取得良好的预报成绩。     

基于GeoDatabase的中国岩石圈三维结构数据库设计

数据对于GIS是非常重要的,但目前在各领域的GIS应用中,普遍对数据的重视程度不够。“中国岩石圈三维结构数据库”是基于GIS（地理信息系统）平台下建立起标准、规范的空间数据库,是整个数据库系统稳定运行的基础。CASE工具是建立复杂地理数据库的最佳方法之．,本文依据面向对象的地理数据模型——GeoDatabase,讨论用CASE工具来建立基于GeoDatabase的中国岩石圈三维结构数据库的具体过程。     

Effect of desiccation of marine environment on beam structure

This paper presents the study on the effect of desiccation for different part of offshore structure corresponding to the water level.A coupled elastoplastic damage model is proposed to describe the mechanical behavior of cement-based materials under external loading and desiccation,in which both the plastic and damage behaviors under multi-axial stress are considered in composition with the desiccation effect.The comparison between numerical simulation and experimental data indicates that the proposed model can well predict the mechanical characteristics of cement-based materials with different saturations.In addition,a series of small beams subjected to desiccation are further analyzed to reveal the response of structure in the drying process.     

Severe winter weather as a response to the lowest Arctic sea-ice anomalies

Possible impact of reduced Arctic sea-ice on winter severe weather in China is investigated regarding the snowstorm over southern China in January 2008. The sea-ice conditions in the summer （July-September） and fall （September-November） of 2007 show that the sea-ice is the lowest that year. During the summer and fall of 2007, sea ice displayed a significant decrease in the East Siberian, the northern Chukchi Sea, the western Beaufort Sea, the Barents Sea, and the Kara Sea. A ECHAM5.4 atmospheric general circula- tion model is forced with realistic sea-ice conditions and strong thermal responses with warmer surface air temperature and higher-than-normal heat flux associated with the sea-ice anomalies are found. The model shows remote atmospheric responses over East Asia in January 2008, which result in severe snowstorm over southern China. Strong water-vapor transported from the Bay of Bengal and from the Pacific Ocean related to Arctic sea-ice anomalies in the fall （instead of summer） of 2007 is considered as one of the main causes of the snowstorm formation.     

Characterisation of nano magnesia–cement-reinforced seashore soft soil by direct-shear test

Abstract

In this study, the mechanical behaviour of nano magnesia–cement-reinforced seashore soft soil (NmC3S) was evaluated and characterised by the direct-shear testing of seashore soft soil (3S), cement reinforced seashore soft soil (C3S) and NmC3S. The comparison among these three types of soils indicates that NmC3S has greater shear strength and deformation modulus than C3S and 3S. The shear stress of both C3S and NmC3S increase significantly prior to a shear displacement of 1.0?mm, followed by a sharp decline before reaching the critical state. The failure displacement increases as the applied normal stress increases. NmC3S demonstrated greater friction angle than both C3S and 3S; however, the magnitude of its cohesion lies between that of C3S and 3S. Moreover, a mathematical model that describes the shear stress–displacement curve was proposed, which can effectively model the strain-hardening and strain-softening curves of these three types of clays. Finally, a generalised formula for capturing the stress–displacement behaviour of these three materials is presented with the explanations for the physical meaning of each parameter.     

黑鳃梅童鱼和棘头梅童鱼的形态学比较研究

采集丹东近海的黑鳃梅童鱼29个个体和海洲湾近海的棘头梅童鱼30个个体,开展2种梅童鱼形态特征比较研究。对2种梅童鱼的顶枕部小棘、臀鳍第一鳍棘、鳔侧枝、鳃腔和耳石等部位进行拍照及形态描述,并进行了2种梅童鱼传统形态学的8个分节特征和14个量度特征的判别分析、主成分分析和单因子方差分析。结果显示:2种梅童鱼的顶枕部小棘、鳔侧枝、鳃腔颜色和耳石形态存在明显差异;除鳔侧枝数有明显差异外,其它可数性状均无显著差异。采用贡献率大的8个参数建立2种梅童鱼的判别公式,判别准确率达100%;黑鳃梅童鱼和棘头梅童鱼在外部形态可量数据上虽存在个别交叉,但仍能形成各自相对集中的组;在P=0.01显著性水平下进行单因子方差分析,结果2种梅童鱼在7个变量上存在显著性差异。     

埋深基础地基极限承载力的数值求解方法

为确定作用在已知埋深、给定基础形状地基土上的极限承载力,对基底下的土体进行网格划分,先假定一均布荷载作用在此地基土上,运用明德林解的积分公式,结合角点法,编制MATLAB语言程序,求出每个网格节点上附加应力,进而求得每个网格节点上主应力,根据破坏准则,结合程序找出破坏点的坐标,利用MATLAB的图形处理功能,把破坏点的坐标在坐标图中显示出来。继续加大矩形荷载,直至这些破坏点在坐标图中刚好能够形成一个连续的破坏面,此时的矩形荷载即为此地基的极限承载力。此方法不仅可以有效地避免了地基承载力经验公式中一些不合理的假设带来的误差,更符合实际情况,而且可以直观地了解到地基土的三维破坏面。     

Application of EDA technology and μClinux operating system in the earthquake precursor instruments

Using Altera's Quartus Ⅱ, Nios Ⅱ IDE and Sopc Builder development tools, the proton precession magnetometer principle host hardware platform is designed in a cyclone Ⅱ series FPGA chip (EP2C35). The proton precession magnetometer principle host core circuit's single-chip system-logic design is achieved by building and configuring the Nios Ⅱ soft-core processor, developing the IO interface and sensor control circuits, programming some hardware units' VHDL code, for example the equal precision cymometer and the DPLL. Through researching the embedded operating system configuration technology and building the NIOS Ⅱ soft-core processor's μClinux cross-compile environment, the μClinux system is transplanted to the NIOS Ⅱ environment. Another important task is writing the device drivers' and user programs' code. Through these work, the design realize the host function and achieve the expected target.

     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷储层物性特征及控制因素

贝尔凹陷铜钵庙组-南屯组的储层类型为中-低孔低渗型,存在两个异常高孔隙发育带：第一异常高孔隙带为1 300~1 800 m,第二异常高孔隙带为2 400~2 700 m。异常高孔隙发育带的控制因素为：①火山碎屑物质对孔隙的保存及其溶解形成的次生孔隙;②碎屑颗粒包壳对原生孔隙的保存;③大气水淋滤形成的次生孔隙;④有机酸溶蚀形成的次生孔隙。其中大气水淋滤形成的次生孔隙对异常高孔隙的贡献较小。由于贝尔凹陷内有机质热解产生的有机酸主要溶蚀对象是火山碎屑岩,且火山碎屑岩溶蚀产生的各种阳离子是绿泥石和伊利石的主要组成元素,所以贝尔凹陷异常高孔隙发育的根本控制因素是储层岩石类型的特殊性。