长江中下游成矿带岩浆-成矿系统深部背景和过程的电性结构约束

长江中下游成矿带是我国重要的铁铜金属"仓库",然而,关于矿体密集分布成因的深部背景研究仍存较多争议,前人相继提出了碰撞变形、俯冲变形、构造机制转换等多种解释模型.本文基于成矿系统概念和前人对成矿系统各组成要素的研究成果,分析长江中下游成矿带内宁芜、庐枞、南陵-宣城和安庆-贵池矿集区的深部电性结构,并发现成矿带地壳深部普...     

基于元胞自动机的海洋溢油模型

本文采用三维元胞自动机模型,对海洋溢油过程进行了模拟,对风流、水流等水平方向的影响系数进行了改进。考虑了蒸发、垂直扩散、岸边附着、溶解、乳化等因子的影响,并且引入乳化含水率将乳化因子进行实际量化,构建了海洋溢油模型。并以"Deep Spill"的溢油实验为基础进行了模拟,实验结果 Kappa系数达到0.902,与实际相比具有较好的一致性。本文对海洋溢油事故进行预测模拟,为提出合理有效的应急预案提供科学依据。     

基于投入产出模型的大型活动对举办地的经济影响——以广交会为例

事件活动的经济影响评估是国外近20 年来的研究热点,然而近年来遭到很多质疑和争论,国内在该领域的理论和实证研究仍处于起步阶段。一年两届的广交会对举办城市具有持续的深远影响,是城市大型活动的典范。本研究以104 与105 届广交会为案例,采用问卷调查及深度访谈法收集广交会所有参与者的消费支出与结构,并运用投入产出模型评估广交会对广州市间接经济影响。结论表明城市定期举办的大型商务活动对举办地的许多产业部门具有很强的拉动效应,对当地经济产生明显的持续性的经济效应;一届广交会对广州市的直接与间接效应合计163.24 亿元,其中直接经济效应55.26 亿元,间接经济效应为107.98 亿元,直接与间接效应之比为1:1.95;2008 年104 届广交会的直接与间接效应总和占广州市全年GDP的1.98%;参与者对广州的经济拉动作用依次为采购商、参展企业、参展个人、承办方、交易团。此外,本文还特别就研究结论存有高估或低估倾向进行了探究。     

大岩淌滑坡滑带土蠕变性质研究

通过对大岩淌滑坡滑带土在固结压力为300,500,625,800,1 000 kPa下进行蠕变试验,得到了各级压力和剪切力的蠕变曲线。采用Burger模型来模拟流变过程,介绍了该模型参数的求取方法,并得到了模型的所有参数。通过等时曲线簇确定该滑带土的长期强度。在上述结果基础上,对该滑带土的流变特性进行了分析,讨论了Burger参数同剪切力与固结压力关系,并得出长期强度约为慢剪结果的0.76～0.77倍的结论。     

Recent satellite-derived sea ice volume flux through the Fram Strait: 2011–2015

The Fram Strait(FS) is the primary region of sea ice export from the Arctic Ocean and thus plays an important role in regulating the amount of sea ice and fresh water entering the North Atlantic seas. A 5 a(2011–2015) sea ice thickness record retrieved from Cryo Sat-2 observations is used to derive a sea ice volume flux via the FS. Over this period, a mean winter accumulative volume flux(WAVF) based on sea ice drift data derived from passivemicrowave measurements, which are provided by the National Snow and Ice Data Center(NSIDC) and the Institut Francais de Recherche pour d'Exploitation de la Mer(IFREMER), amounts to 1 029 km~3(NSIDC) and1 463 km~3(IFREMER), respectively. For this period, a mean monthly volume flux(area flux) difference between the estimates derived from the NSIDC and IFREMER drift data is –62 km~3 per month(–18×10~6 km~2 per month).Analysis reveals that this negative bias is mainly attributable to faster IFREMER drift speeds in comparison with slower NSIDC drift data. NSIDC-based sea ice volume flux estimates are compared with the results from the University of Bremen(UB), and the two products agree relatively well with a mean monthly bias of(5.7±45.9) km~3 per month for the period from January 2011 to August 2013. IFREMER-based volume flux is also in good agreement with previous results of the 1990 s. Compared with P1(1990/1991–1993/1994) and P2(2003/2004–2007/2008), the WAVF estimates indicate a decline of more than 600 km~3 in P3(2011/2012–2014/2015). Over the three periods, the variability and the decline in the sea ice volume flux are mainly attributable to sea ice motion changes, and second to sea ice thickness changes, and the least to sea ice concentration variations.     

发泡剂对氯氧镁水泥材料的适易性研究

本文主要介绍了不同类型水泥发泡剂在氯氧镁水泥(MOC)泡沫混凝土体系中的影响因素。对比不同发泡方式获得MOC泡沫混凝土的结构特征、力学性能、离子溶蚀速率以及微观结构等,研究了发泡方式和不同类发泡剂对MOC泡沫混凝土的适宜性。结果表明,对于MOC胶凝材料物理发泡方式相比化学发泡方式更能获得优良的泡沫混凝土,物理发泡剂中动植物蛋白类发泡剂是获得优良MOC泡沫混凝土的最佳选择。     

Spatial-temporal Patterns of Land Surface Temperature and Influencing Factors Contribution in Fuzhou City

With the intensification of urbanization and global warming, the problems of urban thermal environment are increasingly prominent. On the basis of the remote sensing, geographic information system, geostatistics and multiscale spatial pattern, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of land surface temperature in urban thermal environment were quantitatively analyzed. The results are as follows: \mathrm{①} Dramatic changes in land use/land cover had occurred from 1993 to 2016 in the study area. The net increase area of construction land was 1 231.04 km², with a change rate of 295.33%. Cultivated land was occupied by construction land. \mathrm{②} The area of middle, sub-high and high temperature zones spread to the surrounding areas gradually with the Minjiang River. The area of sub-low and low temperature zones decreased markedly. \mathrm{③} From 1993 to 2016, the contribution of land surface temperature in different urban districts had the characteristics of uneven spatial and temporal distribution. Meanwhile, there was a positive contribution in the process of land surface temperature rise in Fuzhou while there was a negative contribution in Minqing and Yongtai. Forest/grassland, cultivated land, water body and wetland had a negative contribution during land surface temperature rise while construction land contributed positively. \mathrm{④} According to the multi-distance spatial cluster analysis (Ripley's K function), there was a certain scale in the aggregation and dispersion of land surface temperature, in which the aggregation range and degree of aggregation increased in the study area in 24 years.     

改进的SCS模型在黑龙江省中小流域径流模拟中的应用

针对黑龙江省中小流域特征,以烟筒山、铁力、岔林河桥、中和4个流域为研究区,引入初损比例m和系统偏差系数k两个参数对SCS模型进行改进,探讨改进的SCS模型在模拟黑龙江中小流域降雨-径流的可行性。结果表明:改进的SCS模型模拟的效率系数均为0.80以上,可以有效的模拟黑龙江省中小流域的降雨-径流。     

1700—1978年云南山地掌鸠河流域耕地时空演变的网格化重建

基于多源数据资料重建小尺度区域历史时期土地利用/覆盖变化,对深入理解土地利用变化的驱动力机制及其环境和气候效应具有重要意义。本文利用从流域尺度聚落格局演变重建到聚落尺度耕地数量和空间分布重建,再到流域尺度耕地格局重建的思路,以云南山地典型的中小流域为研究区,以历史文献资料、田野考察资料、历史地理学研究成果、档案资料、现代统计资料、地理基础数据为支撑,综合考虑区域自然因素（坡度、海拔高度）、人文因素（人口、政策、农业技术、耕地与居民点距离）,设计了历史时期山地小尺度区域耕地网格化重建模型,重建了1700—1978年具有明确时间和空间属性的网格化耕地格局。结果表明：① 掌鸠河流域的耕地面积近300 a增长6.3倍,垦殖率从1700年的2.1%上升到1978年的15.6%。② 不同地形区的耕地面积差异较为显著,其中山区和半山区的耕地面积最大,且增长速度最快;平坝区和中下游河谷区的耕地面积增长相对平缓,是自然环境、人口、政策和农业技术等因素综合作用的结果。③ 通过总耕地面积和人均耕地面积等对结果进行验证,证明了重建结果的合理性。本文设计的网格化重建模型可以为模拟具有明确时间和空间属性的小尺度区域历史耕地网格化数据集提供参考。     

樟子松在甘肃干旱区的适应性及发展潜力研究

通过对樟子松在甘肃干旱区的适应性进行研究分析得出:樟子松的耐旱性强于当地主要防护林树种二白杨和沙枣;也较常绿乡土树种侧柏、油松、刺柏、青海云杉适应性强,并表现出明显的生长优势。对樟子松的生长量、移栽造林技术、光合速率、蒸腾强度、水分利用效率、耐盐性、物候期等进行研究的结果表明:樟子松能适应甘肃干旱区气候、自然生态环境条件;同时长势也优于原产地,是优良的防风固沙造林树种,能抗病虫害、可作为用材林树种,改造当地"小老头树"防护林等,其发展潜力大,应大力发展。