流沙湾的底栖大型海藻调查

2008年3月～2009年1月调查了流沙湾潮间带及湾内(109°55'～109°59'E,20?22'～20°28'N)底栖大型海藻资源,定性、定量分析该海湾底栖大型海藻种类、生态分布、区系性质、群落结构及生物量的季节变化规律。共采集底栖大型海藻3门10目17科19属32种,其中红藻门4目9科9属15种,绿藻门4目6科7属14种,褐藻门2目2科3属3种,以亚热带藻种占绝对优势,达59.4%,温带成分21.9%,热带成分18.7%。采样海藻具印度-西太平洋海洋植物区系中国-日本亚热带海洋植物亚区特点。调查区域内底栖大型海藻群落组成的季节变化明显。     

The investigation on particulate organic carbon fluxes with disequilibria between thorium-234 and uranium-238 in the Prydz Bay, the Southern Ocean

Dissolved and particulate thorium-234, particulate organic carbon in the upper 150 m of water columns from five stations in the Prydz Bay, the Southern Ocean were determined during the 22nd Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （from November 2005 to March 2006 ）. The disequilibria between thorium-234 and its parent uranium-238 in upper layer was used to derive the averaged residence time of thorium-234, which decreased along with the latitude to the south and a minimum value, 1 - 8 d for particulate thorium-234 and 29 - 48 d for dissolved thorium-234, appeared at the medium latitude station, and the export fluxes of thorium-234 were calculated too and ＇a maximum value, 0. 35 -0. 63 Bq/（m^3 · d） for the particulate thorium-234 and 0. 44 -0. 65 Bq/ （m^3 ·d） for the dissolved thorium-234, appeared at the same station. The export fluxes of particulate organic carbon at different water columns were derived by two methods with irreversible scavenging model, and the averaged values were 104. 7 mmol/ （ m2 · d ） （ E method） and 120. 6 mmol/（ m2·d ） （ B method ）, respectively, indicating that a relatively high new production would exist in summer in the Prydz Bay where it will play a potential significant role in sequestering the absorption CO2 to deeper ocean.     

Accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in clams （Ruditapes philippinarum） in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon and PAHs ranged from 570 to 2 574 ng/gdw (gram dry weight) and from 276 to 939 ng/gdw, in the most and least polluted sites, respectively. The bio-accumulation of hydrocarbons and PAHs in the clams appeared to be selective. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominantly represented by short chain (<nC₂₃) n-alkanes, suggesting that petroleum hydrocarbons were likely the major contamination source. The selective uptake of 3 and 4 ring PAHs, such as naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, by the clams was probably related to the physiological and bio-kinetic processes that were energetically favorable for uptake of compounds with fewer rings. Accumulation of the metals Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam tissues also showed high variability, ranging from 0.043 to 87 μg/gdw. Among the 7 detected metals, Zn, Cd, Cu, and As had a particularly high potential of accumulation in R. philippinarum. In general, a positive correlation was found between the tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations of hydrocarbons and of some metals. Our study suggests that moderate contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and low to moderate contamination with metals, currently exists for clam R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay, in comparison with other regional studies. A long-term monitoring program is certainly needed for assessment of the potential ecological influence and toxicity of these contaminants of R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay.     

"珍珠"台风强度及路径异常的分析

利用常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°格点资料,从能量场、湿度场、辐散场以及西南季风和越赤道气流等多方面对"珍珠"的强度及路径进行分析,发现副高前期在南海的维持以及副高后期环流形势的调整是"珍珠"强度维持和路径突变的关键;南海海域维持高能区、弱水平风垂直切变、对流层上层强大的辐散场、以及充沛的水汽供应、风场动力非对称结构等是"珍珠"强度能维持的重要原因;西南季风、越赤道气流和副高南落而引发的东南风急流形成的季风汇合线是"珍珠"北翘的直接原因.台风风场结构中不对称强风速区的转移对台风路径改变有预示作用.     

七带石斑鱼(Epinephelus septemfasciaius)两个野生群体形态差异分析

对2种不同地理种群七带石斑鱼进行14项形态性状的测定,采用2种多元统计分析方法和t-检验方法,比较了2个群体的外部形态特征.t-检验结果表明,2群体在14个性状中有12个性状表现出极其显著差异(P＜0.01),1个性状表现出差异显著(P＜0.05).主成分分析构建了3个反映形态特征信息的综合性指标--主成分1、主成分2和主成分3,三者的贡献率分别为29.873%、25.091%和16.875%.三个主成分的累积贡献率为71.804%,2群体之间存在明显的偏离态势,形成两个不同的类群,2群体在主成分l轴上的差异较在主成分2轴上的差异更为明显,主成分1主要由经t-检验差异指标数量多和差异程度大的性状组成.判别分析表明,2个七带石斑鱼群体的形态差异显著(P＜0.0001),建立了2个群体的判别函数,其判别准确率及综合判别率均为100%,可以认为逐步判别法对七带石斑鱼不同群体的初步鉴定是可行的.差异系数(CD)计算的结果表明,尽管2群体在形态上存在一定的差异,但尚未达到亚种水平.主成分分析、t-检验和判别分析的结论基本上是类似的,它们从不同的角度反映了群体间的形态学差异.     

0606号台风"派比安"风暴潮特征分析与总结

2006年第6号台风"派比安"在广东境内的阳西到电白之间沿海登陆,此次台风引起的大风、巨浪以及强降雨给粤、桂、琼三省的沿海地区构成极大的威胁.本文以闸坡站和硇洲站的实测资料为依据,运用水文统计学和气象学等相关知识,对粤西沿海的潮位和风暴增水等特性进行初步分析,得出台风的登陆位置、台风风力、大风持续时间以及浪高等对风暴潮的产生有重要的指示作用,并且还探讨了台风路径和特殊的地形特征等因素致使最大增水出现时间与台风登陆时间存在时间上的前后偏差.本文通过分析此次台风的风暴增水特征,可以帮助总结预报经验,为今后提高风暴潮预报的准确度提供参考.     

农村土地制度改革与乡村振兴

乡村发展现实困境与乡村振兴战略目标之间存在巨大鸿沟。论文总结了1949年以来农村土地制度改革与乡村发展的演进态势与时代特征,基于农村土地制度改革的功能体系,剖析了二者的互动机制,探讨了农村土地制度改革助推乡村振兴的发展路径与典型模式,并进行了研究展望。结论如下：① 农村土地制度改革是破解当前乡村发展困境、推进乡村振兴的突破口,本质是新时期为适应城乡生产力发展的生产关系再调整,二者均具迫切性、交融性与攻坚性的时代特征。1949年以来农村土地制度与乡村发展总体耦合联动、互促互馈。② 新时期,农村土地制度改革具有多功能价值,通过补短板促进乡村重构与乡村多功能发展,发挥制度联动、城乡融合与经济转型的乘数效应,助推乡村振兴,并带动城乡地域系统功能优化。③ 农村土地制度改革沿整合要素、重组结构、优化功能的路径,因地制宜、分类推进乡村地域功能演变与乡村振兴。④ 未来需发挥农村土地制度改革的制度联动作用,同时重视改革的政策性摩擦,深化乡村振兴对农村土地制度改革的正反馈,并权衡农村土地制度改革举措与乡村发展的适应性问题。     

Positively Drifting Structures During the 18 March 2003 Solar Flare

We analyze the high-frequency drift radio structures observed by the spectrometer at Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) over the frequency range of 4.5 – 7.5 GHz during the 18 March 2003 solar flare. The drifting structures take place before the soft X-ray maximum, almost at the maximum of hard X-ray flux at 25 – 50 keV. For the first time, the positive drift in this kind of radio structures is detected in such a high frequency range. Their global drifting rate is roughly estimated as 3.6 GHz s⁻¹. They appear in four groups, lasting in total for less than 6 s, and have a broad bandwidth of more than 2 GHz but a smaller ratio of the bandwidth of the drifting structures to mean frequency than that of the lower frequency range. The lifetime of each individual burst in this event can be derived by using the high temporal resolution of the spectrometer at PMO and has an average value of 36.3 ms. Since the negative drifting structures observed in the 0.6 – 4.5 GHz frequency range were interpreted to be a radio signature of a plasmoid ejected upward (moving out of the Sun), the present observation may imply that it is possible for a plasmoid to move downward during a solar flare. However, for a confirmation of this suggestion direct radio imaging observation would be needed.     

月面形貌的3维可视化算法

基于大范围地形可视化算法研究的基础上,对平面geometry clipmaps算法进行改进,利用GPU的顶点着色器实现平面地形向球面地形的投影变换,并综合利用球面视域裁剪、球面视点控制等技术,使geometry clipmaps算法适用于球面海量地形数据的3维可视化;收集处理月球全球影像和形貌高程数据,对算法进行验证,实现月球表面形貌的实时动态3维可视化.试验表明:绘制算法可不受数据量大小的限制、绘制效率高、效果逼真,但存在两极变形较大的缺点.

Abstract：

Based on the study of visualization arithmetic of large area terrain, plane geometry clipmaps algorithm is improved. Projection transformation from plane landform to sphere landform was realized by using GPU vertex shader. In that improved algorithm, methods such as sphere vision field culling and sphere viewpoint control are used.That makes geometry clipmops algorithm more effective in 3D visualization of massive sphere terrain data. The whole moon image and DEM data are collected and disposed, which are used to verify the capability of that algorithm, realizing dynamic and real time 3D visualization of moon surface. The experiments show that the graphic algorithm isn't limited by data quantity, which is of high efficiency and reality simulation, but the two-pole distortion is serious.     

基于乡村多功能评价的城市边缘区“三生”空间划分研究

城市边缘区乡村多元价值凸显,迫切需以乡村多功能理论为指导划分“三生”空间,以空间重构促进转型发展。论文首先从生产、生活与生态功能方面评价城市边缘区多功能时空变化;其次进行图斑尺度“三生”空间适宜性评价,两者共同得到基于乡村多功能的“三生”空间适宜性;最后据此设计算法划分“三生”空间。研究发现：① 城市边缘区乡村休闲娱乐、观光农业等功能显现,需要重构多功能空间促进转型发展;② 江苏徐州市铜山区乡村非农生产与生活功能主要分布在与中心城区较近地区,农业空间主要分布在中心城区远郊外围,生态功能则表现出高度空间异质性,农业、非农生产与生活功能在提升,而生态功能则普遍下降;③ 县域“三生”空间划定需多尺度联合,既要考虑乡镇尺度多功能差异,还要体现图斑尺度适宜性,才能为空间规划提供有意义的借鉴。论文提出的基于乡村多功能评价的“三生”空间划分可为即将开展的国土空间规划提供科学依据。