地震计远程监控功能接口的实现

提出了一种适用于地震计远程监控功能接口的实现方式,扩充了地震数据采集器的应用。     

考虑土-结构相互作用双层柱面网壳在多点输入下的地震反应分析

目前对于网壳结构的地震反应研究大部分仍然采用一致输入,特别是没有考虑土-结构相互作用对网壳结构的影响。本文通过对大型有限元分析软件MSC.Nastran的二次开发,用等效线性化方法考虑土体的非线性,对土体采用三维实体单元建模,并对土体在基岩面上采用地震动的多点输入,计算分析了大跨度双层柱面网壳的动力反应,并且与一致地震动输入下网壳结构的地震反应进行了对比,考察了两者之间的差异,深入分析了考虑土-结构相互作用下,双层柱面网壳结构在多点输入和一致输入下的地震反应规律,并得出了一些重要结论。     

土-桩-钢结构相互作用体系的振动台模型试验

本项试验是研究土-结构相互作用对结构TLD减震控制影响的系列振动台模型试验的组成部分,主要目的是提供相应的对比试验数据。在这组试验中,突出的问题是TLD、上部被控结构和土层三个子系统模型基频间的协调。为了尽可能降低土层模型基频,文中采用了一种具有低剪切波速特性的土层模拟介质。最后,通过土-桩-钢结构系统的振动台模型试验,研究了土-结构相互作用对钢结构动力特性和地震反应的影响。     

土-桩-钢结构-TLD系统振动台模型试验研究

通过系列振动台模型试验,研究土-结构相互作用对结构TLD减震控制影响。文中首先提出试验模型设计中应考虑的几个主要问题及解决方法,然后介绍土-桩基础-钢结构-TLD相互作用体系的试验成果,分析TLD的减震效果,最后与刚性地基上钢结构TLD减震试验结果相比较,揭示土-结构相互作用对TLD减震效率的影响特点。试验结果表明:土-结构相互作用使得TLD减震效率降低,这一削减作用受到输入地震动的频谱特性和强度的影响。因此,对于建在土层场地上的结构进行TLD减震设计时,应充分重视工程场地条件和地震动特性等实际情况。     

On long-wave breaking I. Consideringnth power bottom friction

Longwave breaking is the agent for many important upper ocean layer processes including the transfer of horizontal momentum. In a previous study on the process of longwave breaking, only linear bottom friction was considered. In this paper, we discuss the longwave breaking phenomena in the more general case ofnth power bottom friction. Using the theory of blowup of solution, the criterion for the time and location of the longwave breaking can be obtained. Contribution No. 2559 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This project was supported by NSFC (No. 49376254).     

塔河油田奥陶系油藏地层水赋存分布

根据地层水赋存状态,在塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系油藏地层水中区分出3种不同的类型:洞穴底部油气驱替残留水、洞穴周缘小缝洞系统驱替残留水和储层下部层间水,并分析了不同类型水体的化学—动力学特征。塔河油田奥陶系油藏储层非均质性强,油水分布规律十分复杂。背景储层缝洞发育程度不同,油气驱替程度不同,储集空间大小不同,其相应的油水分布规律、油藏开发动态及含水动态都不尽相同。本文总结了这些不同点并探讨了其油气勘探意义。     

Rapid PPP ambiguity resolution using GPS+GLONASS observations

Integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) in precise point positioning (PPP) using GPS observations has been well studied. The main challenge remaining is that the first ambiguity fixing takes about 30 min. This paper presents improvements made using GPS+GLONASS observations, especially improvements in the initial fixing time and correct fixing rate compared with GPS-only solutions. As a result of the frequency division multiple access strategy of GLONASS, there are two obstacles to GLONASS PPP-IAR: first and most importantly, there is distinct code inter-frequency bias (IFB) between satellites, and second, simultaneously observed satellites have different wavelengths. To overcome the problem resulting from GLONASS code IFB, we used a network of homogeneous receivers for GLONASS wide-lane fractional cycle bias (FCB) estimation and wide-lane ambiguity resolution. The integer satellite clock of the GPS and GLONASS was then estimated with the wide-lane FCB products. The effect of the different wavelengths on FCB estimation and PPP-IAR is discussed in detail. We used a 21-day data set of 67 stations, where data from 26 stations were processed to generate satellite wide-lane FCBs and integer clocks and the other 41 stations were selected as users to perform PPP-IAR. We found that GLONASS FCB estimates are qualitatively similar to GPS FCB estimates. Generally, 98.8% of a posteriori residuals of wide-lane ambiguities are within \(\pm 0.25\) cycles for GPS, and 96.6% for GLONASS. Meanwhile, 94.5 and 94.4% of narrow-lane residuals are within 0.1 cycles for GPS and GLONASS, respectively. For a critical value of 2.0, the correct fixing rate for kinematic PPP is only 75.2% for GPS alone and as large as 98.8% for GPS+GLONASS. The fixing percentage for GPS alone is only 11.70 and 46.80% within 5 and 10 min, respectively, and improves to 73.71 and 95.83% when adding GLONASS. Adding GLONASS thus improves the fixing percentage significantly for a short time span. We also used global ionosphere maps (GIMs) to assist the wide-lane carrier-phase combination to directly fix the wide-lane ambiguity. Employing this method, the effect of the code IFB is eliminated and numerical results show that GLONASS FCB estimation can be performed across heterogeneous receivers. However, because of the relatively low accuracy of GIMs, the fixing percentage of GIM-aided GPS+GLONASS PPP ambiguity resolution is very low. We expect better GIM accuracy to enable rapid GPS+GLONASS PPP-IAR with heterogeneous receivers.     

Undifferenced Cycle Slip Estimation of Triple-Frequency BeiDou Signals with Ionosphere Prediction

With the rapid development of BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS), high-quality service has been provided in the Asia-Pacific region currently, which will be extended to the whole world very soon. BDS is the first Global Navigation Satellite System that all satellites broadcast the triple-frequency signals. The triple-frequency signals in theory can improve the cycle slip detection that is one of the preconditions in precise positioning by making use of carrier phase. This paper discusses the development of a cycle slip detection method for undifferenced BDS triple-frequency observations in kinematic scenario. In this method, two geometry-free extra-wide-lane combinations and one geometry-free narrow-lane (NL) combinations are employed. The key is to mitigate the between-epoch ionospheric biases in the geometry-free NL combinations. We propose to predict the ionospheric biases of current epoch by using those from its consecutive foregoing epochs. The method is tested with extensive experiments in varying observation scenarios. The results show that in case of sampling interval as small as 5 s, the between-epoch ionospheric biases can be ignored and the correct cycle slips can be determined. Meanwhile in case of lower sampling frequency, one needs to compensate the ionospheric biases of current epoch by using the predicted ionospheric biases. The presented method can correctly detect all cycle slips even if they are as small as 1 cycle.     

温度对小黄鱼体内抗氧化酶及消化酶活性的影响

为了深入了解不同温度条件下小黄鱼的应激反应,为小黄鱼的人工养殖提供参考。本次研究以人工繁殖的4.5月龄小黄鱼为研究对象,采用不同水温（27℃、29℃、31℃、32℃、33℃）进行养殖,以此确定小黄鱼的高温致死温度,并检测不同养殖水温条件下小黄鱼肝脏和肠道中抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT）和消化酶（脂肪酶LPS、淀粉酶AMS）的活性,比较小黄鱼不同组织中4种酶活性的变化情况。结果显示,32℃的养殖水温为小黄鱼的初始致死温度;养殖温度对小黄鱼肝脏和肠道中几种酶的活性均存在显著影响（P<0.05）:抗氧化酶和消化酶活性均随着养殖水温的升高呈现先升高后下降的趋势（除了肠道中的CAT）。另外,肝脏中抗氧化酶活性强于消化酶,而肠道中则相反,表明肝脏侧重于机体免疫反应,而肠道更侧重于食物消化。通过二次项回归方程拟合了温度与酶活性的回归方程,只有肝脏和肠道中的LPS活性与温度的回归方程有意义,决定系数r2分别为0.89和0.93（在0.85以上）。此外,肝脏中LPS活性与实验鱼体质量呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）,研究结果为小黄鱼专用配合饲料的研发提供了重要参考。研究还得出,养殖水温29℃和31℃时,进行小黄鱼养殖可取得较好效果,研究结果可为小黄鱼快速养成提供指导。