阴山-燕山地区晚侏罗世-早白垩世土城子组地层、沉积特征及盆地构造属性分析

阴山-燕山地区广泛分布晚侏罗世-早白垩世土城子组,保存了土城子组形成时期的古气候、古地理及大地构造演化的重要信息.然而,对于土城子组的沉积特征、盆地属性和大地构造背景仍存很大争议.文中对前人关于土城子组的相关研究成果进行了总结,在依据实测资料的基础上,以盆地分析方法为手段,从地层、沉积相、物源和古水流入手,研究和分析了...     

Accumulation and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils around oil sludge in Zhongyuan oil field, China

In this paper, the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil samples around three different oily sludge plants in winter were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the pollution degree with PAHs in soil samples was determined. Soil samples were collected from the agricultural soil around three different oily sludge plants (the Third Wenming Plant, the Third Mazhai Plant, and the Fourth Wener Plant) along with the leeway in Zhongyuan oil field. The distances from collected sample sites to oily sludge plants are 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 m, respectively. The results show that the contents of PAHs in soil samples decrease dramatically with the increase of the distance from the oily sludge, and that the PAHs with 2–4 rings are major pollutants in the oily sludge and soil samples. The main factors, which influenced the distribution of PAHs are discussed. Based on Nemero Index P, the classification evaluation shows that the soils around the oily sludge are heavily polluted in winter. The health risk assessment and ecological risk assessment of the soils around the oily sludge in Zhongyuan oil field in winter are analyzed.     

Impacts of High-Frequency Atmospheric Forcing on Southern Ocean Circulation and Antarctic Sea Ice

The relative contributions of atmospheric fluctuations on 6 h?2 d,2?8 d,and 8 d?1 month time scales to the changes in the air?sea fluxes,the SO circulation,and Antarctic sea ice are investigated.It was found that the imposed forcing variability on the three time scales creates a significant increase in wind power input,and hence an increase of about 50%,97%,and 5%of eddy kinetic energy relative to the simulation driven by monthly forcing,respectively.Also,SO circulation and the strength of the upper cell of meridional overturning circulation become strengthened.These results indicate more dominant effects of atmospheric variability on the 2?8 d time scale on the SO circulation.Meanwhile,the 6 h?2 d(2?8 d)atmospheric variability causes an increase in the total sea-ice extent,area,and volume,by about 33%,30%,and 19%(17%,20%,and 25%),respectively,relative to those in the experiment forced by monthly atmospheric variables.Such significant sea-ice increases are caused by a cooler ocean surface and stronger sea-ice transports owing to the enhanced heat losses and air-ice stresses induced by the atmospheric variability at 6 h?2 d and 2?8 d,while the effects of the variability at 8 d?1 month are rather weak.The influences of atmospheric variability found here mainly result from wind fluctuations.Our findings in this study indicate the importance of properly resolving high-frequency atmospheric variability in modeling studies.     

小兴安岭平顶山一带早侏罗世花岗岩类年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

小兴安岭平顶山大地构造位于兴蒙造山带东段,隶属松嫩地块。本文对小兴安岭平顶山一带碱长花岗岩和正长花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,以确定其形成时代、岩石成因及大地构造背景。结果显示：碱长花岗岩形成于（189±3） Ma,正长花岗岩形成于（191±3） Ma,同为早侏罗世岩浆事件演化的产物;岩石具有高硅（w（SiO₂）为75.00%~77.60%）、富碱（w（K₂O+Na₂O）为7.13%~9.00%）、贫镁（w（MgO）为0.05%~0.45%）、贫钙（w（CaO）为0.17%~1.10%）、低磷钛（w（P₂O₅）为0.01%~0.07%,w（TiO₂）为0.09%~0.23%）的特点,A/CNK值为0.94~1.17,属于准铝质-弱过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列岩石;亏损高场强元素Nb、P、Ti、Ta和大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr,Rb、K、Th、Hf等元素具有明显的正异常;稀土元素总量（w（ΣREE））为（38.76~297.13）×10^-6,稀土配分曲线显示为轻稀土略微富集、重稀土较为平坦缓向倾斜的右倾型,具明显的负Eu异常。锆石饱和温度值及地球化学特征等多种证据显示,岩石为高分异的I型花岗岩。结合小兴安岭区域构造演化特征分析,研究区早侏罗世花岗岩类为松嫩地块与佳木斯地块沿嘉荫—牡丹江缝合带碰撞拼合后伸展环境下的产物,岩浆起源于下地壳火成岩物质的部分熔融。     

一种板内小尺度走滑断层平面分段研究方法——以塔里木盆地顺北5号断层中北段为例

近年来在顺北地区1号和5号走滑断层带上获得了重大的油气突破,证明了在塔里木盆地内发育的小尺度走滑断层对断控油气藏具有控藏、控储的特征。该类走滑断层在剖面上贯穿多套古生代地层,纵向结构复杂,在空间上为深层线性走滑叠加浅层雁列正断层的构造样式,钻井揭示在断层带上不同分段的井产能差异明显,表明走滑断层在奥陶系碳酸盐岩顶界面的分段性对油气成藏具有重要的控制作用。本文选取顺北5号断层中北段作为研究对象,针对深层不同层系线性走滑断层分段特征差异明显这一特征,基于不同尺度下断层的断距与分段长度之间的相关性及多断层演化理论,提出了利用沿着走向等间距统计断层的垂向断距变化的方法对深层线性走滑断层开展分段性研究工作,该方法综合了断层的活动强度、演化程度和剖面构造形态来分析断层的分段特征,适用于不同性质的断层分段性特征研究。研究表明5号断层中北段在奥陶系碳酸盐岩顶界面可划分为14段,在寒武系膏盐岩层顶界面可划分为10段,两个层系的断层分段性在空间上具有继承性与差异演化的特点,其中寒武系膏盐岩滑脱构造中的膏盐逃逸对油气的疏导具有破坏作用,奥陶系碳酸盐岩顶断层活动强度、分段叠接样式、断层分段不同位置对断控缝洞型储层发育规模具有重要的控制作用,揭示了断层在平面上的分段特征及纵向结构对断控缝洞型油气成藏具有重要的控制作用。     

大兴安岭北段伊勒呼里山晚侏罗世二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

对大兴安岭北段伊勒呼里山地区二长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学研究,确定其形成时代、岩石成因,揭露区域大地构造环境。测年数据显示,二长花岗岩于158.1±0.7Ma前形成,为晚侏罗世早期岩浆演化事件的产物。地球化学结果显示,二长花岗岩具有高Si、富Na、K、Al,低Fe、Mg的特点,A/CNK值为0.83~1.09,属高钾钙碱性花岗岩;富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb,贫高场强元素Hf、Th;稀土元素总量较高,稀土元素配分曲线右倾,具弱的负Eu异常,为Ⅰ型花岗岩。岩浆起源于下地壳玄武质成分的岩石部分熔融,为同碰撞期陆壳加厚过程的产物。研究区晚侏罗世早期二长花岗岩的形成与蒙古-鄂霍茨克缝合带闭合过程中的陆-陆碰撞环境有关,其形成时代限定了大兴安岭北段伊勒呼里山地区蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋的闭合时间应为晚侏罗世早期。     

Spatial patterns of phytoplankton communities in an International Seabed Authority licensed area (COMRA,Clarion-Clipperton Zone) in relation to upper ocean biogeochemistry

The Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) hosts one of the largest known oceanic nodule fields worldwide and is regulated by the International Seabed Authority. A baseline assessment of diversity and distribution patterns is essential for reliable predictions of disturbed ecosystem response scenarios for sustained commercial activities in the future. In the present study, the spatial patterns and diversity of phytoplankton communities were analyzed along with upper ocean biogeochemistry, in the licensed China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association (COMRA) contract area and the surrounding western CCZ between August 21 and October 8, 2017. Results indicated this was a typical low-nutrient low-chlorophyll a (Chl a) environment, characterized by low levels of phytoplankton abundance and diversity. In total 112 species belonging to 4 phyla were recorded (>10 μm), with species counts including 82 diatoms, 27 dinoflagellates, 1 cyanobacteria and 2 chrysophyte. Dominant taxa in successive order of descending abundance and occurrence included Nizschia marina, Cyclotella stylorum, Dactyliosolen mediterraneus, Rhizosolenia setigera, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii, Synedra sp., Chaetoceros simplex and Pseudo-nitzschia circumpora. The depth-averaged abundance and Chl a concentrations were (265±233) cells/L and (0.27±0.30) μg/L, respectively. Diatoms accounted for 90.94% of the community with (241±223) cells/L, while dinoflagellates accounted for 5.67% and (15±13) cells/L. The distribution pattern exhibited the same trend as abundance, Chl a and species richness, showing subsurface maximum levels at around 100 m, with stations near 10°N having higher levels than in the north. Cluster analysis was performed in two assemblages, relating to geographic locations to the south and north of 12°N. The subsurface maximum of abundance, Chl a, species richness, dissolved oxygen and nitrite were generally corresponding to the presence of high salinity North Pacific Central Water at depths of 50?120 m. Higher availability of nitrate, phosphate and silicic acid in the subsurface may account for the shift in phytoplankton distribution, as shown by redundancy correspondence and spearman correlation analysis. Diel variation in an anchor station demonstrated prominent species succession without significant differences in oceanographic variables, among which diatoms succession resulted from the light limitation, while dinoflagellate diel variation mainly related to lateral transport of water masses. The observed patchiness in spatial phytoplankton distributional patterns was attributed to upper ocean environmental gradients in the CCZ. The baseline generated in this study could be analyzed using current conservation strategy programs associated with deep-sea mining.     

中国城市土地绿色利用效率驱动因素及空间分异

以2009—2018年中国285个地级及以上城市为研究对象,测算各城市的城市土地绿色利用效率,对其驱动因素的空间异质性进行探究与分区。结果表明：① 城市土地绿色利用效率总体呈波动上升趋势,集聚特征显著,省际、省内差异明显;区域上,呈现西部＞东部＞中部的格局;规模等级上,随着城市规模等级降低而递增。② 城市土地绿色利用效率是众多因素交互驱动的结果,且各驱动因素均具有明显的空间异质性特征,呈现出空间带状或片状分布规律。③ 根据城市土地绿色利用效率驱动因素的空间异质性特征,可划分为产业结构高级化、环境规制和科技投入水平主导的东南地区;生态资源禀赋主导的华北地区;经济发展水平、城市空间集聚主导的西南地区;土地市场化主导的西北地区;人口集聚、土地财政、基础设施水平主导的东北地区。未来应因城施策、因地制宜,采取差异化的措施来提升城市土地绿色利用效率。     

钦州对虾养殖灾害性天气分析和气象服务要领

利用钦江农场养虾基地提供的养殖数据,结合钦州的天气气候资料,从气象角度分析得到,影响钦州对虾养殖主要有五个气象要素和三大灾害性天气,并提出防灾措施和进行虾业气象服务所应掌握的要点和要领。     

山东郯城和江苏东海早白垩世晚期恐龙足迹化石新发现及古环境*

首次在山东郯城早白垩世晚期地层中发现恐龙足迹化石,分属蜥脚类和兽脚类恐龙足迹,足迹大小差异较大。通过对山东省郯城县新发现的2处恐龙足迹化石点和江苏省东海县南古寨恐龙足迹化石点的对比研究,探讨了足迹类型、大小、速度与足迹深度的关系,发现同等条件下,蜥脚类恐龙足迹通常较兽脚类足迹深,而蜥脚类恐龙足迹深度随着足迹大小的增加有变深的趋势;波痕、雨痕和泥裂等沉积构造以及足迹回填和叠覆现象对足迹化石保存形态和细节有较大影响,而构造变形对足迹形态和行迹并无明显影响,但高角度的构造变形会加速差异风化,使足迹化石更易暴露而被破坏。对研究区古环境与古生态的研究表明,早白垩世晚期研究区经历了水体逐渐变浅、气候由湿到干并伴随短暂间歇性干旱的过程,沉积环境由河湖演变为三角洲前缘、并逐渐过渡到三角洲平原,生态环境逐渐恶化,动植物由兴而衰、逐渐减少。