中国大陆省际旅游效率时空演化及其俱乐部趋同研究

旅游产业的提质增效是新常态下旅游学科研究的重要问题之一。利用中国大陆1997-2015年省际旅游发展相关数据,综合修正的DEA模型、空间马尔科夫链、脉冲响应模型,以及俱乐部趋同理论,在对省际旅游效率进行定量测算的基础上,分析其时空演化趋势及机理。主要结论为：1997-2015年中国大陆省际旅游效率演化具有显著的地带特征：东部地区旅游经济增长的集约化程度较高,西部地区旅游经济增长的粗放型程度较高;各项旅游效率水平转移在地理空间上往往受到邻域地区旅游效率的影响。考虑空间因素后,各项旅游效率的空间转移更加活跃,但基本格局没有发生变化：各项效率均具有较高的稳定性,尤其是规模效率;空间马尔科夫链分析结果表明：旅游效率的时空演化一定程度上导致了俱乐部趋同效应,中国大陆省际旅游发展效率存在着“近朱者赤、近墨者黑”现象。省际旅游效率的俱乐部趋同客观上使得旅游发展维持着一种“稳定”状态,不利于旅游效率的提升,未来的旅游合作必须进一步突破地理区位的限制。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠南部地下水化学演化模拟

对昆仑山前平原到塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的地下水观测断面进行取样分析,利用Piper三线图及NETPATH水质演化模型,阐明了区域地下水化学特征,揭示了地下水化学演化机理,旨在为研究区地下水的可持续开发、水质保护与改善提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)研究区地下水化学类型为Na-Mg-Cl-SO₄型和Na-Cl-SO₄型;(2)强烈的蒸发浓缩作用,芒硝、岩盐、辉石的溶解作用,较为显著的Ca²⁺/Na⁺离子交换作用是研究区地下水化学组成的主要演化过程。     

海岸地貌建模方法研究--以长江口九段沙、芦潮港附近边滩为例

河口、海岸是陆海相互作用及人类活动最频繁的地区之一,了解和把握海岸地貌的变迁及发育模式对于海岸资源的开发和保护至关重要。模型是对客观事物的概括和抽象,本文对海岸滩地和水下三角洲地形演变的研究总结了4种方法,重点讨论了模型的构建,并根据作者的研究实例给出了模型的具体应用。在剖面模型的应用中通过不同年代剖面的对比分析可了解海岸地貌的动态变化,平面模型则通过等深线的退缩、扩张及形态变化来研究岸滩的动态冲淤及海岸地形的宏观变化,而冲淤速率分布平面图是分析大范围海域冲淤趋势和局部变化的有效手段。测点统计模型是一种静态分析方法,用来建立测量点的高程和坡度与岸滩冲淤的关系。     

吉林省西林河矿区岩浆岩与金矿化的关系

西林河金矿是１９９１年新发现的金矿，本文阐述了西林河矿区含矿岩石，岩浆活动与金矿化的关系，对含矿热液中金的迁移，富集机理进行探讨。     

长江口横沙东滩近30年来自然演变及工程影响的GIS分析

利用长江口深水航道治理一、二期工程实施前后的地形资料,在GIS软件及相关的统计分析软件的支持下,分析了治理工程对横沙东滩冲淤演变的影响。结果表明:横沙东滩在长期的自然演变过程中滩地面积相对稳定,但20世纪90年代中期以来,由于长江来沙量减少,滩地面积出现减小的趋势;深水航道北导堤工程(1998—2000年5月)使横沙东滩的冲淤形势发生了较大的变化:横沙东滩窜沟扭曲、萎缩,白条子沙及其以东浅水区域淤积加剧;促淤工程实施后,形成了一个有利泥沙沉积的环境,过境泥沙的大量淤积及人工吹泥上滩使得横沙东滩淤长速度显著加快。     

Experimental study on slender reinforced concrete columns wrapped with CFRP

By axial compression tests on 6 reinforced concrete slender columns wrapped with carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP), with slenderness ratio(SR) from 4.5 to 17.5, the results show that when SR increases the retrofitting effect declines. In the case of same SR, the stability coefficient (SC) for the reinforced concrete(RC) columns with CFRP is much less than that without CFRP. There is 20% increase of stable bearing capacity to the former as compared with the latter when the SR in less than 17.5. The study summarized the simplified formula for SC, which provides a reference for engineering designers.     

Biochemical response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus (Mytiloida: Mytilidae) exposed to in vivo sub-lethal copper concentrations

Many aquatic organisms are negatively affected by exposure to high copper concentrations.We investigated the biochemical response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus(Mytiloida:Mytilidae) to copper exposure.In vivo bioassays using M.coruscus and different copper concentrations were conducted.The activity of six biomarkers,namely superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase(AKP),glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) were measured.Survival rates decreased with increased copper concentrations and exposure times.The LC50 values at 48,72,and 96 h exposure were 0.48,0.37,and 0.32 mg/L,respectively.Within digestive glands,CAT activity increased with increasing Cu concentrations.The activity of AKP showed no significant change,while the remaining four enzymes showed decreasing activity with increasing Cu concentrations.Within the gills,AKP activity increased when the Cu concentration was 0.05 mg/L,but showed no significant changes at higher concentrations.Activity of CAT and ACP within gills tended to decrease with increasing Cu concentration.The activity of SOD and GPT decreased at an exposure concentration of 0.2 mg/L.GOT activity within gills decreased at 0.1 mg/L and increased at an exposure concentration of 0.2 mg/L.Within the adductor muscle,AKP activity increased at 0.05 mg/L but did not change at higher exposure concentrations.ACP activity within adductor muscle tissue showed no change,while activities of CAT,GOT and GPT decreased with increasing Cu concentrations.SOD activity within the adductor muscle tissue significantly decreased at the 0.02,0.05 and 0.2 mg/L exposure concentrations.Our results show tissue specific differences for the six biomarkers in for M.coruscus.Our findings provide the basis for the establishment of reference activity levels against which biomarker changes can be estimated,and are essential preliminary steps in development of in vivo bioassays.     

Synoptic-scale disturbances over the northern South China Sea and their responses to El Niño

Using surface and aerological meteorological observations obtained at the Xisha Automatic Weather Station and three moored buoys along the continental slope, characteristics of the synoptic-scale disturbances over the northern South China Sea (NSCS) are extensively studied. The power spectra of surface and aerological observations suggest a synoptic feature with a pronounced energy peak at a period of 5-8 d and a weak peak at 3-4 d. The standard deviation of the synoptic temperature component derived at Xisha Station from 1976 to 2011 indicates that the strongest variability normally exists in August all through the whole troposphere. At the interannual scale, it is found that El Niño plays an important role in regulating the synoptic disturbances of atmosphere. The vertical synoptic disturbances have a double active peak following El Niño condition. The first peak usually occurs during the mature phase of El Niño, and the second one occurs in the summer of decay year. Comparing with the summer of developing years, the summer of the decaying year of El Niño has more active and stronger synoptic disturbances, especially for the 5-8 d period variations.     

阿拉伯海小暖池混合层盐度的年度变化

采用ECMWF的ORAS4盐度资料（1999—2009年）来研究阿拉伯海暖池区（ASMWP）混合层盐度的年际变化.基于ORAS4盐度的季节循环特征与观测资料高度一致,发现了ASMWP混合层盐度变化的异常高（低）盐度时期,即在2003、2005年的7—10月混合层盐度异常偏大,而2002年2—4月则有明显减弱.进一步研究发现,混合层盐度的强度和持续时间与ENSO和IOD有一定的关系,ASMWP混合层盐度异常在IOD负位向和ENSO负位相的时候偏高,反之亦然.最后,通过盐度收支分析发现,水平输运是导致ASMWP混合层盐度异常年际变化的主要因子.