A Chirp Transform Algorithm for Processing Squint Mode FMCW SAR Data

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a lightweight cost-effective high-resolution airborne imaging radar. In squint case, the frequency scaling algorithm, which is suitable for processing nonchirped raw data, cannot be used directly in FMCW SAR data processing because of low system sampling frequency. On the other hand, the continuous antenna motion of FMCW SAR can cause serious distortions in the reconstructed images. In this letter, an improved algorithm called the chirp transform algorithm is proposed. When the effects of the residual video phase are negligible, the algorithm uses a chirp transform to perform the time scaling operation to alleviate the sampling frequency problem. It requires only fast Fourier transforms and multiplications. The range cell migration introduced by the continuous motion is also compensated completely in range-Doppler domain. The algorithm performances are analyzed and are supported by point target simulation experiments.     

基于自动站观测资料的深圳城市热岛研究

利用103个自动站气温观测资料,对深圳的城市热岛现象进行了研究.分析表明:1)高速的城市化进程造成自动站周边下垫面属性的变化,对气温造成了显著影响,这种影响即使是在仅仅10年内也表现得较为明显.2)由于深圳地处海滨,深圳的近地层气温分布是海陆作用叠加城市热岛效应形成的结果.按照传统定义的深圳城市热岛,其空间分布在不同季...     

Projection of Future Precipitation Extremes Change (2001-2050) in the Yangtze River Basin

 Daily maximum rainfall (R1D) was higher in the Jialing River basin, the Taihu Lake area and the mid-lower main stream section of the Yangtze River basin in the 1990s, and there was a good relationship between ECHAM5/MPI-OM model simulation and the observed data about extreme precipitation (R1D). Under the IPCC SRES A2, A1B, and B1 scenarios, R1Ds are all projected to be in increasing trends in the upper Yangtze River basin during 2001-2050, and R1D shows a more significant increasing tendency under the A2 scenario when compared with the A1B scenario before 2020. With respect to the middle and lower Yangtze River basin, an increasing tendency is projected before 2025, and since then the increasing tendency will become insignificant. There might be more floods to the south of the Yangtze River and more droughts to the north in the next decades.     

徐州——宿州弧形双冲——叠瓦扇逆冲断层系统

郯庐断裂西徐州－－宿州地区存在丰一个向西突出的弧形构造,其东侧后缘为倾向腹地的双冲构造,前缘为背驭式的叠瓦扇。东西向的不老河断层和宿北断层将其分为具有不同发育特征的三段。这是华北板块与扬子板块斜冲对接过程中,由于双沟推覆体向ＮＷ的反向推力,由东向西间歇式跳跃发展而形成的。该构造后期还被前缘的反向断层,前渊的重力滑动构造和腹地的指状断陷盆地所复杂经。这是不同于Ｂｏｙｅｒ和Ｅｌｌｉｏｔｔ简单模式的一种     

洁净煤技术应用现状综述

我国是煤炭生产和消费大国 ,大力开发应用适合我国国情的煤炭地下气化技术、工业型煤技术、水煤浆气化技术、煤液化技术、洁净煤联合循环发电技术、煤系废弃物的综合利用技术等洁净煤技术 ,对提高煤炭利用率 ,改善环境状况 ,实现能源工业 (也包括化工及其它相关行业 )的可持续发展 ,有重要意义并具有广阔的发展前景。     

Paleoclimate Modelling at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Paleoclimate modelling is one of the core topics in the Past Global Changes project under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme and has received much attention worldwide in recent decades. Here we summarize the research on the Paleoclimate modeling, including the Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum, and pre-Quaternary climate intervals or events performed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP/CAS) for over one decade. As an attempt to review these academic activities, we emphasize that vegetation and ocean feedbacks can amplify East Asian climate response to the Earth’s orbital parameters and atmospheric CO2 concentration at the mid-Holocene. At the Last Glacial Maximum, additional cooling in interior China is caused by the feedback effects of East Asian vegetation and the ice sheet over the Tibetan Plateau, and the regional climate model RegCM2 generally reduces data-model discrepancies in East Asia. The simulated mid-Pliocene climate is characterized by warmer and drier conditions as well as significantly weakened summer and winter monsoon systems in interior China. On a tectonic timescale, both the Tibetan Plateau uplift and the Paratethys Sea retreat play important roles in the formation of East Asian monsoon-dominant environmental pattern during the Cenozoic.     

松花江、嫩江流域水资源形势分析

黑龙江省位于我国东北边疆地区,全省总面积 45.5万 km^2,属寒温带大陆季风区,年平均降水量 523.8mm,全省地表水资源量 655.83亿 m^3.人均占有水量 2074m^3,低于全国人均 2460m^3,居全国第 13位.亩均占有量 564m^3,低于全国亩均 1980m^3,居全国第 19位,可见水资源并不丰富.随着人口的增长,工农业不断发展,需水量逐年增加. 20世纪 80年代以来黑龙江气候变暖明显,蒸发量加大,连续干旱导致黑龙江水资源匮乏,松花江自 1998年以来连续 4、 5年枯水位,降到建国以来水位最低值,生活用水困难,航运中断,供需之间矛盾突出,水资源形势不容乐观.今后随着经济发展,工农业用水、河道内外用水与水资源之间矛盾会越来越突出.要求依法管好水、用好水,制定长运供需计划,提出水资源开发利用具体对策,以便供各级政府发展经济,规划蓝图作重要参考.文中水资源资料由文献和黑龙江省水文水资源勘测局提供.     

珠江流域1961-2007年气候变化及2011-2060年预估分析

 根据珠江流域1961-2007年气温、降水量观测资料和ECHAM5/MPI-OM模式2011-2060年预估结果,分析了流域过去47 a的气温和降水量变化,并预估未来50 a变化趋势。结果表明,在全球变暖的背景下,过去47 a温度呈上升趋势,约升高1.8℃。冬季增温最明显,夏季最弱。未来50 a流域温度仍呈上升趋势,A1B情景下升幅约1.9℃,并且年际变化增强。A2和B1两种排放情景下秋季升温最显著,冬季最弱,A1B排放情景与此相反。过去47 a秋季降水量呈减少趋势;春、夏、冬季和年降水量均呈增加趋势。未来50 a降水总体呈增加趋势,A1B排放情景降水增加最多,约为230 mm。A2、A1B和B1情景下降水季节分配未发生显著变化。年降水和冬季降水的年际变率增强,秋季减弱。     

2008年1月一次强雨雪过程的诊断分析

采用NCEP1°×1°客观再分析资料和常规观测资料,对2008年1月25—29日发生在长江中下游地区的强雨雪过程进行诊断分析,结果表明,低空急流与强雨雪有着密切关系,强雨雪的发生需具备一定的温度条件以及水汽场与动力场的耦合机制。对强雨雪过程的湿Q矢量诊断分析表明,700hPa湿Q矢量辐合区以及850hPa锋生函数正值区与强雨雪区对应较好,对雨雪天气的发生有着很好的指示意义。湿位涡特征分析表明,此次强雨雪过程发生在层结稳定的大气中且垂直涡度发展较强。     

高精度温度采集系统设计

针对高精度温度采集的需求,设计了一个以低功耗单片机MSP430F149作为核心处理器,以PT100铂电阻为传感器的温度采集系统。为了提高系统的复用性,采用精密电阻法,从硬件设计上消除了恒流源电流漂移以及A/D转换电路参考电压精度对温度测量数据的影响。重点描述了系统设计方案,详细说明了恒流源选择的原则、电流偏差的消除以及AD7792转换器的操作步骤。实验结果表明,温度测量精度优于0.1 ℃。对比试验表明,系统稳定性良好,已应用于业务产品中。