良渚遗址物质的Sr-Nd同位素特征、物源及其对古文化消亡的指示意义

良渚文化作为新石器时代晚期的重要文化之一,与中华文明的起源有着重要联系。位于杭州瓶窑镇的良渚古城遗址,则代表了良渚文化发展的巅峰。我们采集了良渚遗址剖面的文化层、上覆黄粉土的土壤样品以及遗址周边地区的河流和钱塘江的沉积物样品,测试分析了它们的Sr-Nd同位素组成。通过对比黄粉土和文化层的同位素组成变化,结合遗址周边环境和前人对长江沉积物、东海沉积物的研究,我们推测,良渚黄粉土物质来源可能是东海、长江沉积物和钱塘江沉积物的混合,良渚文化可能并非消亡于来自周边山体的山洪,而是与海侵或者长江下游洪水泛滥有关。     

Microanalysis and preliminary pharmacokinetic studies of a sulfated polysaccharide from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Laminaria japonica</Emphasis>

A rapid, sensitive and reproducible high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with post-column fluorescence derivatization has been developed to determine the amount of low-molecular-weight sulfated polysaccharide (GFS) in vivo. The metabolism of GFS has been shown to fit a two component model following its administration by intravenous injection, and its pharmacokinetic parameters were determined to be as follows: half-time of distribution phase (t _1/2α)=11.24±2.93 min, half-time of elimination phase (t _1/2β)=98.20±25.78 min, maximum concentration (C _max)=110.53 μg/mL and peak time (T _max)=5 min. The pharmacokinetic behavior of GFS was also investigated following intragastric administration. However, the concentration of GFS found in serum was too low for detection, and GFS could only be detected for up to 2 h after intragastric administration (200 mg/kg body weight). Thus, the bioavailability of GFS was low following intragastric administration because of the metabolism of GFS. In conclusion, HPLC with postcolumn derivatization could be used for quantitative microanalysis and pharmacokinetic studies to determine the presence of polysaccharides in the serum following intravenous injection.     

Strength,fragmentation and fractal properties of mixed flaws

Experiments on Portland cement samples containing mixed flaws are conducted to investigate the strength, fragmentation and fractal properties. Flaw geometry is a new combination of two edge-notched flaws and an imbedded flaw, which is different from those in the previous studies, where parallel or coplanar flaws are used. The physical implications of the shear-box test applied to result to rock slopes are studied. The physical and analytical fragmentation characteristics of preflawed samples are analyzed through the sieve test and fractal theory, respectively. Three different patterns of tensile cracks and shear cracks are observed. A sliding crack model is presented to elucidate the brittle failure flaws. In all of the cases of the shear-box tests, the coalescence is produced by the linkage of shear cracks, and two types of coalescence (Type C1 and Type C2) have been classified, which tend to confirm the observations from the numerical model and field of jointed rock slopes. The shear strength is a function of the flaw geometry and the shear–normal stress ratio. The result of sieve tests indicates that the fragment size distribution of fragments has the fractal property, providing a physical understanding of the fragmentation mechanism. The fragments under the shear-box test have fractal dimensions between 2.2 and 2.6, which are larger than those under the compression test but similar to those in the fault cores. The fragmentation in the case of Type C2 has a smaller fractal dimension, corresponding to a larger shear strength.     

Optimizing hotspot areas for ecological planning and management based on biodiversity and ecosystem services

The significance of biodiversity and ecosystem services are gradually recognized by human as an approach towards sustainability, so it is important to understand relationships and congruence between them to support conservation planning, especially in the hotspot areas with a prominent role in conservation. However, the management of most conservation hotspots mainly focused on biodiversity, and rarely concerned with ecosystem services. With the aim of proposing criteria for conservation strategies that contribute to the optimization of biodiversity and ecosystem services, in this study, a Geographic Information System(GIS)-based approach was designed to estimate and map the biodiversity and ecosystem services in Chongqing Municipality of China. Furthermore, the distributions of hotspot areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services were mapped based on the relationship between cumulative ecosystem services and areas. Finally the statistical analysis was processed focused on specific conservation objectives. The results showed that hotspot areas can conserve the most biodiversity but with the least ecosystem services under the conservation plans target to biodiversity conservation. In contrast, depending on the ecosystem services of interest, hotspot areas can conserve the largest ecosystem services but with the least biodiversity. By integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services into conservation plan, we found that the conservation and regeneration of these small areas, would contribute to a conservation of 44% of the biodiversity hotspot and 14%–42% of the ecosystem services hotspot. Moreover, the current nature reserve selection was not maximize the biodiversity and ecosystem services compared to integration strategy, indicating that hotspot areas conservation and selection is vital for optimization protection of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and has practical significance for natural resources and ecosystem management.     

秦岭南北降水小时尺度特征对比分析

利用秦岭地区1961—2015年暖季(4—10月)国家级地面气象站观测的逐时降水资料,从降水逐候变化与降水日变化的角度,比较了秦岭南北两侧暖季降水的演变特征,研究表明:在逐候演变上,秦岭南北两侧均为夏秋双峰型降水,但北侧降水主峰值出现在秋季,秦岭南侧降水主峰值出现在夏季.在降水日变化上,夏秋两季中南侧降水量、降水频次和降水强度均以清晨峰值为主,仅在降水频次上夏季出现了午后的次峰值;而北侧降水量日变化夏秋变化较大,且主要由降水强度贡献,夏季降水强度在午后较强,而秋季清晨降水强度更大.对于不同持续时间的降水事件,南北两个区域在夏秋均表现为持续9h以上(3h以下)的降水为清晨(午后)降水峰值,其差别主要存在于持续时间为4～8h的降水事件中.     

Estimation of the compound hazard severity of tropical cyclones over coastal China during 1949–2011 with copula function

The site effect plays very important role for planning design of structures and estimating seismic damage of existing structures, especially in seismicity active regions. Alia?a, located in the northern region of the ?zmir City, is high seismically active region in western Turkey. We identified the dynamic properties of shallow soil for Alia?a district (western Turkey) in terms of the average shear-wave velocity for the top 30 m of soil (Vs₃₀), predominant period (T ₀) and vulnerability index (Kg). We created the microzonation map that classes the shallow soil according to National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). Shear-wave velocity (Vs) was evaluated using the 1-D multichannel analysis of surface waves at 34 sites. The microtremor measurements were taken at 58 stations with a grid spacing of 1000 m in Alia?a district. The acquired HVSR results show that the T ₀ values change from 0.1 to 1.9 s, while the amplification factor (A ₀) values change between 1.5 and 12. Soil classification results illustrate that northern part of the study area, located in alluvial unit, has lower Vs₃₀ values. These values are observed within the range of 100–300 m/s. This part was classified as the D and E types according to NEHRP. In addition, the weak zones of the study area due to the local site effects were indicated by the Kg values which vary from 5 to 55. The northern part of the study area is high vulnerability index zone (Kg > 20). Last of all, we can mention that the northern part of our study area is the weakest zone according to the results of geophysical and geological data.     

校园地下管线数据采集及处理的研究

地下管线在校园建设中非常重要。随着校园建设的飞速发展,校园地下管线数据与日俱增,传统的数据处理、存储、维护已经不能满足要求。因此,利用数字测量技术采集管线数据,并采用地理信息系统技术,处理、管理数据势在必行。本文以校园地下管线为例,使用AutoCAD、ArcGIS和ArcEngine高效地完成了以Geodatabase模型为基础的管线数据采集、处理、入库等工作,提高了管线数据的质量,实现了地下管线的动态管理与维护。     

四川冕宁县马头金矿成矿特征与找矿潜力分析

冕宁马头金矿床位于上扬子陆块与羌塘—三江造山系的交界部位,金矿成矿与喜马拉雅期马头山—司依诺走滑断裂活动关系密切,矿体产于断裂旁侧的构造蚀变带内。金矿成矿受NNE向次级构造蚀变带、灰岩与辉绿岩脉以及二者的岩性转换界面控制。通过对矿床成矿条件、矿石特征、金的赋存状态等研究认为,马头金矿属于幔源岩浆中低温热液型金矿床。通过与相邻金矿区的对比、土壤异常成果分析、矿体延伸展布趋势分析,认为矿区地表及深部还有较好的找矿潜力。