西秦岭东段侵入岩的构造成因类型

造山带复杂的地壳组成决定了侵入岩的地球化学特征，侵入岩的分布规律、就位机制受造山过程制约。在综合分析西秦岭东段侵入岩的岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素、稳定同位素地球化学等特征的基础上，提出一个新的侵入岩构造成因分类方案，即造山带侵入岩可分为俯冲碰撞型、陆陆碰撞型、造山期后型、板内裂谷型、板内浅熔型和板内深熔型６类     

Information diffusion theory-based approach for the risk assessment of meteorological disasters in the Yangtze River Basin

Natural Hazards - Hazard mitigation plans (HMP) inform residents and policymakers of the risks a community is vulnerable to, as well as prioritize measures implemented to minimize hazard damage....     

Discovery of lacustrine shale deposits in the Yanshan Orogenic Belt,China:Implications for hydrocarbon exploration

The mechanism of formation of lacustrine deposits within stable orogenic belts and their potential for shale oil and gas exploration are frontier themes of challenge in the fields of sedimentology and petro-leum exploration.Orogenic belts witness strong tectonic activities and normally cannot host stable lacus-trine basins and deep shale formations.Therefore,basins in orogenic belts are considered to have no potential to form shale hydrocarbon reservoirs.Here we investigate the Luanping Basin located in the Yanshan orogenic belt where previous studies regarded rivers and fan deltas as the major main Mesozoic deposits.Based on detailed field exploration and scientific drilling,we report the finding of a large number of lacustrine shale continental deep-water deposits in the Mesozoic strata.Our finding of the occurrence of active shale oil and gas also in this basin also subvert the previous perceptions.We report SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age that define the bottom boundary of the target interval as 127.6±1.7 Ma belonging to the early Cretaceous strata.Tectonics and climate are considered to be the main factors that controlled the deep-water sedimentation during this period.The drill cores revealed evidence of shale gas and the TOC of shale is 0.33％-3.60％,with an average value of 1.39％and Ro is 0.84％-1.21％,with an average value of 1.002％.The brittleness index of shale is between 52.7％and 100％.After vertical well fracturing,the daily gas production is more than 1000 m3.Our findings show that the basin has consid-erable potential for shale oil and gas.The geological resources of the shale gas in the Xiguayuan Fm.are estimated as 1110.12 × 108 m3,with shale oil geological resources of 3340.152×104t.Our findings indi-cate that the Yanshan orogenic belt has potential exploration prospect.This work not only redefines the Luanping Basin as a rift deep-water Mesozoic Lake Basin,but also rules out the previous notion that the basin is dominated by shallow water sediments.The discovery of shale oil and gas also provides an important reference for subsequent petroleum exploration and development in this basin.Our study shows that shale oil and gas reservoirs can be found in the lacustrine basins of orogenic belts which were strongly influenced by volcanism.These results have significant implications for the sedimentology and oil exploration in the Qinling and Xingmeng Orogenic Belts of China,as well as those in other terranes of the world including the New England Orogenic Belt in Australia.     

Equilibrium Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Flow: Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation with Balanced Forces

Forcing relationships in steady, neutrally stratified atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) flow are thoroughly analyzed. The ABL flow can be viewed as balanced between a forcing and a drag term. The drag term results from turbulent stress divergence, and above the ABL, both the drag and the forcing terms vanish. In computational wind engineering applications, the ABL flow is simulated not by directly specifying a forcing term in the ABL but by specifying boundary conditions for the simulation domain. Usually, these include the inflow boundary and the top boundary conditions. This ‘boundary-driven’ ABL flow is dynamically different from its real counterpart, and this is the major reason that the simulated boundary-driven ABL flow does not maintain horizontal homogeneity. Here, first a dynamical approach is proposed to develop a neutrally stratified equilibrium ABL flow. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software (Fluent 6.3) with the standard \(k\) – \(\varepsilon \) turbulence model is employed, and by applying a driving force profile, steady equilibrium ABL flows are simulated by the model. Profiles of wind speed and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) derived using this approach are reasonable in comparison with the conventional logarithmic law and with observational data respectively. Secondly, the equilibrium ABL profiles apply as inflow conditions to simulate the boundary-driven ABL flow. Simulated properties between the inlet and the outlet sections across a fetch of 10 km are compared. Although profiles of wind speed, TKE, and its dissipation rate are consistently satisfactory under higher wind conditions, a deviation of TKE and its dissipation rate between the inlet and outlet are apparent (7–8 %) under lower wind-speed conditions (2 m s \(^{-1}\) at 10 m). Furthermore, the simulated surface stress systematically decreases in the downwind direction. A redistribution of the pressure field is also found in the simulation domain, which provides a different driving pattern from the realistic case in the ABL.     

制备多孔镍负载TiO2薄膜光催化降解喹啉和化工废水

为了获得具有高光催化活性和稳定性的TiO2薄膜,采用浸渍涂布法不加黏结剂将Deguessa P-25TiO2固定在泡沫镍基片上,制备成泡沫镍基负载TiO2薄膜,并以Ti-10薄膜为光催化组件制备了一种新型连续流内循环光催化反应器。表征结果显示:P-25薄膜呈混晶相,增大负载浓度会增加基片上结晶质(如锐钛矿相(101))数量、团聚颗粒数量、表面微裂痕以及比表面积;高温煅烧下泡沫镍基片上Ni元素以金属Ni和NiO形式扩散到薄膜表面,形成NiO-Ni体系,有助于提高薄膜的光催化活性;当负载P-25质量分数为10%时,薄膜表层Ni原子比为12.29%,此时薄膜具有最佳光催化活性。以Ti-10样品为光催化薄膜组件制备了一种连续流光催化反应装置,该装置降解化工废水的实验结果显示反应装置连续运行一周,出水可达到一级排放标准。     

黑龙江霍吉河钼矿成矿地质特征及花岗闪长岩年代学、地球化学特征

霍吉河钼矿床位于小兴安岭—张广才岭成矿带北段,是近年发现的钼矿床。该钼矿含矿岩体主要为黑云母花岗闪长岩,钼矿体大多数呈细脉浸染状在花岗闪长岩中绕角砾岩筒分布。含矿花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为(184.0±1.5)Ma,形成于燕山早期;其SiO2质量分数为60.06%～69.34%、K2O和Na2O质量分数分别为3.36%～5.78%和2.60%～3.78%,铝指数A/CNK=0.78～0.98,属于偏铝质高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩;轻重稀土分馏强烈(LaN/YbN=10.96～24.99),Eu负异常不明显(Eu/Eu*=0.72～0.86);富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、Pb和Sr等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Y和Yb等元素,这或者暗示其岩浆源区相对富水,或者反映岩浆源区可能遭受过俯冲带流体的交代作用,其形成与太平洋板块俯冲作用有关。结合主成矿温度、成矿地质特征及成矿构造背景,认为霍吉河钼矿成因应属于斑岩型钼矿。     

Case Comparing Study of Downstream Circulation Development during Typhoon Extratropical Transition

The interaction between extratropical transition process and the mid-latitude jet system stimulates the downstream development. In this paper, three typhoon cases were selected to study their downstream development mechanism through the analysis of the eddy kinetic energy budget and the idealized simulations. The results of Chen’s work to the Pacific region were examined. The results were consistent with the results of Chen’s Atlantic hurricane Case. ET downstream at the upper levels generated first eddies, and the disturbances triggered the low level eddy development. Then the upper and the lower coupled and formed a deep cyclone system throughout the whole troposphere. The ageostrophic geopotential flux promoted the formation and development of the downstream ridge from the typhoon. Vertical ageostrophic geopotential flux transferred energy from upper downward that convergence happened in lower, which stimulated the lower-level cyclone development. Simulation results showed that, in the process of ET, TC outflow transported low potential vorticity to mid-latitude jet, which enhanced the PV gradient and the baroclinic. Then, it is inspired the Rossby wave in the jet and propagated downstream. The formation of downstream ridge-trough couple and development of the further wave was the spread to the downstream through the Rossby wave.     

Characteristics of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the surface water of Beijing Olympic Forest Park

The characteristics of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in surface water from Beijing Olympic Forest Park (BOFP) were investigated in this study. Nanofiltration (NF) pretreatment procedure using two NF membranes (NF90 and NF270) was applied to increase the accuracy and precision of DON measurements in surface water samples with high dissolved inorganic nitrogen/total dissolved nitrogen (DIN/TDN) ratios. Compared to NF90, NF270 showed better performance in lowering the DIN/TDN ratio and retaining DOC in both the synthetic water and raw water samples. DON concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.83 mg N L^?1 in water samples collected over four different months and showed a seasonal variation. The DON increased in summer due to the higher activity of decomposers on recent litterfall or because of a higher production of biomass in the surface water body. The molecular weight (MW) fractions of <3 kDa accounted for more than 50 % of the total DOC concentration and the fractions of <3 kDa contributed to more than 48 % of the total DON concentration. It could be concluded that most of the DON present in surface water of BOFP was composed of small molecules, which were mainly composed of monomers such as amino acids and urea, readily available for the uptake by phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria.