中草药防治鱼病研究进展

中草药(traditional Chinese herb medicine)是中药和草药的总称,是中国医药的愧宝。它具有毒副作用小、价格低廉、不易产生抗药性等优点,且其中的某些药物成分不仅有抗菌作用,还具免疫作用,能改善机体的免疫状态,提高机体自身的抗菌防病能力。另外由于近年来,集约化、工厂化水产养殖方式的迅速发展,养殖产量的提高及抗生素等抗菌药物的使用,使养殖用水体日益恶化,水产品药物残留居高不下,这不仅威胁到水产养殖本身,水产养殖动物病害越来越严重,同时还威胁到人们的身心健康,所以进一步开展中草药在水产养殖上的应用研究成为必然趋势。1体外…     

Spatial and temporal variations of mesozooplankton in the Pearl River estuary, China

This paper examines spatial and temporal variations of mesozooplankton abundance, biomass and community structure during three cruises of July 2002 (summer), January 2003 (winter), and April 2003 (spring) in the Pearl River estuary, China. Zooplankton abundance and biomass fluctuated widely and showed distinct heterogeneity in the Pearl River estuary. A total of 154 species were identified during three surveys. The number of zooplankton species richness was strongly linked to salinity. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified three zooplankton groups during this study. Estuarine, neritic and pelagic groups corresponded to the upper, middle and lower reaches in the Pearl River estuary. The difference among groups could be mainly ascribed to changes in the relative contributions of the dominant species. The fluctuations in the zooplankton abundance, biomass and community structure were determined by the interactive effects of freshwater inflow, tidal and coastal currents, chlorophyll a, salinity and temperature. Significant spatial variability in the distribution of zooplankton species, abundance and biomass can be ascribed to the virtual presence of a horizontal gradient in salinity.     

Artificial upwelling induced by ocean currents —Theory and experiment

A submerged apparatus, which consists of a buoy, several horizontal contraction and expansion tubes (Venturi-type tubes) and a long pipe, is expected to be used to pump the subsurface sea-water (200–300 meter depth) containing abundant nutrients to surface layer (50–100 m) by the dynamic of ocean currents. i.e. an artificial upwelling without energy cost. A preliminary experiment and analysis are undertaken and shows that the capacity of pumping the nutrient-rich sea-water is worth to build a pilot prototype model.     

现场海域水平扩散系数的探讨 Ⅱ．黄河三角洲埕北海域的计算

根据Ｔａｙｌｏｒ的湍流扩散理论和Ｈａｙ、Ｐａｓｑｕｉｌｌ提出的拉格朗日流和欧拉流的相关函数的相似性，用黄河三角洲埕北海域的实测资料，按四种不同方案计算出该海域的水平扩散系数和谱密度分布。指出：该海区潮流扩散系数主要受潮流的影响，其分布特征与潮流的分布基本一致，所求的水平扩散系数主要是由周期性的潮运动给予潮流扰动所致。方案４是通过富氏变换滤波消去了周期性潮流扰动，本方案计算的水平扩散系数是由周期为６ｈ以下的小尺度涡提供能量。     

满足给定数字特征和谱的随机信号的产生

本文给出了满足给定数字特征和谱的随机序列的产生方法，即用无记忆非线性变换实现非正态随机信号的模拟．该法与Ｇｕｊａｒ法相比较，放宽了变量概率分布的限制，只要求变量矩的存在。同时考虑无记忆非线性变换对谱的影响，用异于Ｌｉｕ的方法在频域上求解输入正态分布随机序列的谱．     

梭鱼仔鱼耳石日轮形成及自然种群日龄的鉴定

梭鱼实验种群样本,系于1987年5月,从山东大沽河口搜集的亲鱼经人工授精后孵出的仔鱼在实验室培育取得;自然种群样本,于同年同地区采集。对于实验种群耳石生长轮形成的周期性进行了研究。结果表明,实验种群培育天数(D)与耳石生长轮数(N)之间的关系以回归式N=D-1.89表达之;根据实验种群耳石轮纹形成的周期性规律,鉴定了自然种群的日龄,表明二者具相似的周期性规律;协方差分析表明,梭鱼早期阶段的生长,自然种群比实验种群快。     

常压法合成Methomyl的研究

提出一种合成Methomyl的改良法。该方法的特点是反应可在常压下进行。对常压反应的优宜条件作了系统研究,并讨论了反应机理。     

六溴苯的合成研究

对直接溴化法合成六溴苯作了系统的研究,并对文献方法进行了一系列的改进。包括选择适当的摧化剂及其用量,使反应基本上在室温下进行;利用水汽蒸馏法驱除残余溴,可直接得到无色或近乎无色的纯净产物,而勿需进行还原脱溴,且得率较高。提出一种以溴化物形式回收副产物的方法。     

我国海域耳鲍(Haliotis asinisne)精子发生的超微结构研究

应用透射电子显微镜技术研究了我国海域耳鲍精子发生的全过程。结果表明,耳鲍精原细胞呈近椭圆形,染色质分布较均匀,线粒体较少;初级精母细胞较大,染色质凝聚成小块状,线粒体增多;次级精母细胞较初级精母细胞小,线粒体较多,部分线粒体发生融合,呈扁囊状。分化早期精细胞染色质凝聚成团块状,多数贴附于核膜内面,胞质中出现前顶体颗粒。分化中期精细胞染色质继续凝聚成较大的团块,线粒体在核的一端融合,形成数量少、体积大的线粒体,前顶体颗粒形成圆形外膜明显的前顶体。分化后期精核由近圆形变成长桶状,核内染色质凝聚并均质化,前顶体泡化发育成顶体,鞭毛形成,精细胞分化成精子。成熟精子为鞭毛型精子,由头部、中段和尾部(鞭毛)3部分组成。     

An ecological study on the fouling organisms in Yantai Harbour

Yantai Harbour (37°33′15″N , 121°23′42″E) is situated at the north coast of Shandong Peninsula and is a large fishing and commercial port of North China. From June 1983 to May 1984, a yearly panel test on fouling organisms was carried out at the non-fixed jetties in the inner and outer harbour. The test method was according to "the Marine Survey