山东胶东半岛地区断裂最新活动性研究

山东胶东半岛地区发育有北北东-北东向和北西西向两组断裂,前者分属蓬莱-栖霞断裂系和即墨-牟平断裂带,为半岛的主体断裂构造;后者分布在半岛北缘及其北侧海域,由多条断裂组成。实地调查表明,断层在第四纪期间是活动的,控制着附近山地和盆地的构造演化与地貌发育,最新活动主要发生在第四纪早期,垂直活动幅度可达百米以上;第四纪晚期,断裂活动性迅速减弱,甚至停止,但依然发现北北东-北东向断裂的多个局部段落还在活动,明显地错断了晚更新世地层,垂直断距最大为10m左右。     

利用上海台阵对常熟2001年2002年震群的精定位

2001年6月上海台阵正式运行,上海台阵的建立提高了上海及周边地区的地震监测能力.本文着重在定位方法和震相判读上,充分利用上海台阵整体观测系统的优势和台阵独特的数据处理方法,对常熟2001年和2002年二次小地震序列进行了精确定位.对精确定位的结果进行了对比与分析,并以此为基础,对常熟地区及周边的地质构造等进行了解释与推断.     

如何提高磁照图数字化的精度

CBMD是一款针对CB-3模拟磁照图进行数字化处理的软件,利用专业图像处理技术,对模拟磁照图进行数字化,由于模拟仪器调试及存放因素造成了图纸状况不尽相同,使用者在数字化处理过程中,根据不同的图,纸采用相应的方法进行处理,才能保证数字化结果精确度.本文就主要的几种影响处理精度的情况展开讨论,并提出具体的解决方法.     

北京精细下垫面信息引入对暴雨模拟的影响

首先根据2000年环北京实际的精细下垫面布局资料（500m分辨率），按美国USGS陆面资料分类标准（25类）对其提供的全球30 s经纬分辨率（≈1 km）下垫面分类资料进行了更新设计.进而针对一个北京夏季暴雨过程，利用10:3.3km双向双重嵌套的MM5V3.6-Noah LSM陆气耦合模式进行24h数值对比试验，研究了北京精细下垫面信息引入对暴雨的影响.分析表明：新设计的陆面资料更真实地反映了环北京区域的下垫面结构，尤其针对北京城区面积迅增特征；同时还修正了原资料将亚洲中纬度区域落叶阔叶林下垫面类型归属为热带(或亚热带)稀疏大草原类型的问题.其在数值天气模式中的引入会对短期暴雨过程的发生发展产生重要影响.对此次暴雨主要降水中心的模拟，12h差值分布范围远达30km以上，中心值相对差异可达30%.研究发现在城市下垫面和大气相互间存在一个重要的相互影响机制，即由于城区面积的扩大会导致自然植被减少，进而会减少地表蒸发及相应局地大气水分供应、加深边界层高度并增强大气水汽混合，这不利于降水的发生发展.     

旋转椭球面上的应变与转动张量表达

以旋转椭球体面上某点为原点建立一个大地坐标单位活动坐标架. 通过平移, 使活动坐标架的原点与以椭球中心为原点的笛卡尔单位标架的原点相重合. 然后再通过两次标架旋转, 使活动坐标架与笛卡尔单位标架完全重合. 本文给出了使两个单位标架相重合的转换关系式, 以及该点位移在两个单位标架中的坐标转换式； 在此基础上, 考虑该点的位移及活动坐标架皆为该点大地坐标的函数, 经复杂推导, 分别给出了该点位移向量的微分在大地坐标系中的分量以及该点分别沿坐标曲线的弧微分表达式, 继而导出了该点的位移梯度矩阵; 最后推导出了椭球坐标系的应变张量与转动张量表达式, 并对转动张量的几何含义进行了较详细的解释, 且采用曲面理论对球面与椭球面的应变张量间的内在关系进行了讨论.      

文安5.1级地震的一些异常特征

对文安5.1级地震的一些异常进行了分析和总结,认为地震逆时针方向迁移可能是地震空间活动的一个基本特征,其可作为背景异常。震前,地磁交汇法出现的异常,再次显示出该方法对地点预测的最大优势,交汇点附近即是未来震中区。这些异常特征对我们认识地震和预测地震都具有一定意义。     

Characteristics of landscape information Tupu of the Yellow River swings and its subdeltas during 1855―2000

Based on the theories and methods of cartography on spatial pattern and temporal evolution in Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) and the quantitative measurements of pattern and process in landscape ecology, the methodology of landscape information Tupu in studying the swing process of the Yellow River (YR) over the Yellow River Delta (YRD) during 1855―2000 has been demonstrated. The main content includes (1) methodology of landscape information Tupu; (2) evolution process Tupu of YR rump channels; (3) evolution process Tupu of the 7 pieces of subdeltas in YRD during 1855―2000; (4) landscape information Tupu of the modern YRD and the current YRD; (5) landscape information Tupu of YR rump channels on the 7 pieces of subdeltas during 1855―2000; and (6) corridor-matrix landscape information Tupu by YR swings. The methodology of landscape information Tupu here is still primary but we hope that it could provide a new tool for exploring an integrated research on spatiotemporal approaches for landscape "pattern and process".     

Matlab与高级编程语言在科学计算中的联合运用

在数字地震观测、地震预报及地震工程研究中,Matlab作为一套功能强大的科学计算及数学分析软件,得到广泛的应用.本文介绍如何将Matlab高效的数值计算和分析能力与高级编程语言结合的方法.     

基于网络的煤田地质资料信息管理系统的设计与开发

煤田地质资料是地质信息资源的载体，传统的资料管理模式已不能满足当代数字化和信息化社会的发展需求。利用SqlServer数据库，在ASP．net技术的支持下，借助MapXtreme2004平台，建立了青海省煤田地质资料信息管理系统。该系统采用B／S结构，实现了煤田地质资料的属性和图形的联合查询，以及各种类型的资料在Web浏览器中查阅。     

Secondary hydrocarbon generation potential from heavy oil, oil sand and solid bitumen during the artificial maturation

Secondary hydrocarbon generation potentials from natural bitumen, oil sand and heavy oil, representing different residual oil accumulations, were determined by artificial maturation in a closed pyrolysis system. Simulated results indicate that their thermal behavior and reactivity are similar to those of kerogen, and that they can generate hydrocarbons once subjected to suitable geological processes. Overall differences in oil and gas generation potentials among the samples result from differences in the chemical structure of precursor components, physical compaction status, and mineral matrices. Hydrogen rich precursors, such as oil sand and heavy oil, have greater potential to generate hydrocarbons than hydrogen poor ones. Naturally compacted oil sand has slightly higher conversion efficiency than artificially compacted heavy oil as indicated by lower residual bitumen content. However, total gas and liquid oil recovery from oil sand is lower than from heavy oil due to the poor release of pyrolytic products from well compacted and cemented networks in the experiments. Mineral matrices of previous oil deposits also affect further hydrocarbon generation potential. Carbonate matrices inhibit total oil and gas generation, which consequently retains high gas potential at the postmature stage. Traditional oil generation models mainly consider the thermal alteration of kerogen; this study provides supplemental information for superimposed basins where previous oil accumulations may have been destroyed and reburied to serve as secondary sources of oil and gas. Consideration of previous oil residues as potential source rock allows better estimates of available oil resources and the risks associated with their exploration.