Application of new concept waterproofing in Xiang’an undersea tunnel, China

As a kind of transportation mode for crossing channels,undersea tunnel has incomparable advantages for its directness,convenience,fastness,insusceptibility to weather conditions,and smaller influences on environments.In recent years,with the development of undersea tunnel construction,the design and construction technologies have been greatly enhanced.The first undersea tunnel in China has just been built.Waterproofing is the key technique of undersea tunneling.A new concept of waterproofing scheme of grouting,sealing,draining and divided sections was adopted in the construction of the tunnel based on the researches,the in-situ geological features,the astuteness of the current technology,and the cost of construction.The structural details of the sealing and draining system are introduced to illustrate the salient features of the new waterproofing technique.It is hoped that experiences described in the paper can offer guidance for the construction of the extensive undersea tunnels in the coming years.     

多参数水质测试仪和碘量法测定海水溶解氧含量的比较与分析

通过对碘量法和多参数水质测试仪测定海水中溶解氧比对数据的系统误差检验,分析两种方法间系统偏离差异的显著程度。探讨多参数水质测试仪业务化应用的可行性,以在保证监测质量的前提下,切实提高监测工作效率。     

自适应Chirplet变换及其在探地雷达目标探测中的应用(英文)

探地雷达不仅能够探测金属目标体,而且能够探测非金属目标体,而成为UX0和地雷探测的一种重要的浅部地球物理方法。但是在地雷和UX0探测中,目标体埋藏深度浅,在探地雷达数据信噪比较低情况下,地表和土壤层的反射严重干扰对目标体的拾取。本文采用自适用Chirplet变换来消除地表层和土壤层变化的干扰,并在Radon—Wigner分布的基础上,采用自适用Chirplet变换来拾取目标体的信号。通过对实际探测实验数据应用证明,本方法处理结果比传统的偏移方法具有较高的信噪比,并能清晰地提取目标体信号。     

Three-layer model for vertical velocity distribution in open channel flow with submerged rigid vegetation

Based on the detailed laboratory experiments and theoretical analysis, a new three-layer model is proposed to predict the vertical velocity distribution in an open channel flow with submerged vegetation. The time averaged velocity and turbulence behaviour of a steady uniform flow with fully submerged artificial rigid vegetation was measured using a 3D Micro ADV, and the vertical distribution of velocity and Reynolds shear stress at different vegetation height, vegetation density and measuring positions were obtained. The results show that the velocity profile consists of three hydrodynamic regimes (i.e. the upper non-vegetated layer, the outer and bottom layer within vegetation); accordingly different methods had been adopted to describe the vertical velocity distribution. For the upper non-vegetated layer, a modified mixing length theory combined with the concept of ‘the new vegetation boundary layer’ was adopted, and an analytical model was presented to predict the vertical velocity distribution in this region. For the bottom layer within vegetation, the depth average velocity was obtained by numerically solving the momentum equations. For the upper layer within vegetation, the analytical solution was presented by expressing the shear stress as a formula fitted to the experimental data. Finally, the analytical predictions of the vertical velocity over the whole flow depth were compared with the results obtained by other researchers, and the good agreement proved that the three-layer model can be used to predict the velocity distribution of the open channel flow with submerged rigid vegetation.     

宁夏大峰矿5500t爆破及观测研究

2007年底在宁夏和内蒙古交界的贺兰山大峰煤矿进行了5500t的大当量工业爆破,这是一次进行地球物理、工程抗震等研究的难得机会,同时也是全面检测宁夏及邻区“十五”新建测震及前兆系统运行情况及工作状况的机会。除了加强固定测震台网的监测外,宁夏回族自治区地震局还联合甘肃,四川,青海4省地震局布设了南北向的临时测线。北京大学,中国地震局地球物理勘探中心及爆破单位等十余家单位,分别在不同地点沿不同方向布置了不同研究目的的测线。本文就此次爆破和观测情况做简要介绍。     

当雄Ms6.6地震前后地电场观测数据分析研究

简要介绍地电场观测方法和拉萨地磁台地电场观测基本概况的基础上,对拉萨地磁台 2008年6月1日至12月31日期间的地电场观测数据,特别是当雄6.6级地震前后的地电场数据变化,进行了分析和讨论.认为①该观测结果受观测系统和观测环境等人为因素的影响比较小,观测数据具有较高的可靠性;②该数据变化过程与当雄6.6级地震序列具有较大的关联性;③对该数据的分析研究在探讨地震地电场变化机理等方面具有一定的代表性.     

城市气候承载力定量化评价方法初探

本文从气候天然容量、城市气候压力和城市协调发展能力3个方面选取24个指标构建较完整的城市气候承载力评价指标体系。气候天然容量指数采用内梅罗指数法计算,城市气候压力指数和城市协调发展能力指数采用基于熵权的综合评价方法计算,进而构建城市气候承载力综合评价函数以量化评价结果。以上海市为例,对其气候承载力进行定量化评价。研究表明,本文建立的气候承载力评价指标体系是可行的,它可以描述某一城市时域上的变化,也可以对区域气候承载力开发利用过程中存在的问题进行甄别,并可作为气候预警响应的依据,为我国建立区域气候安全管理机制提供技术参考。分析上海市2004-2013年这10年间气候承载力的变化趋势,结果表明研究期内上海市气候承载力整体劣于基准年值,且因深受气候天然容量的影响而处于较大波动状态。     

基于地方作为主体的芦山地震灾后重建规划组织管理

“4.20”芦山地震灾后重建借鉴了“5.12”汶川地震的经验教训,建立了以地方作为主体的组织管理新机制。据此,基层政府展开了规划建设领域组织管理模式的多元探索,积累的有效经验包括开展规划编制全覆盖,实施城乡规划总牵头,进行灾区空间总管控;在项目建设上实行“五总”管理新模式;针对农房重建这一薄弱环节,通过加强现场监管、建立技术系统、强化公众参与等方式,探索出改进农房建设管理新机制。     

安徽天井山金矿区韩家岩体成因与成矿意义

韩家岩体与天井山金矿空间上密切相关.对韩家岩体的成因存在不同看法：依据“斑状”外貌,有人主张是燕山期花岗斑岩;依据隐约可见的片麻状构造,有人认为是晋宁期灵山岩体.鉴于其具有重要的找矿指示意义,本文通过岩石学、岩石地球化学、同位素年代学等方面的研究,认为韩家岩体是由灵山岩体蚀变而成的绢英岩.天井山金矿中的金多以自然金形式产于石英大脉的晚期裂隙中,并与石英-绢云母-含铁碳酸盐-硫化物细脉共生.研究表明,这些裂隙与绢英岩体顶部的石英网脉带贯通,两者具有相同蚀变矿物组合和流体来源.据此,本文认为与绢英岩化有关的岩浆-构造-蚀变作用是天井山金矿的核心成矿事件.由于韩家绢英岩体具有区域尺度的找矿标志,这对天井山矿区及其外围进一步找矿具有重要的指导意义.     

Separating the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff over different time scales in the Zhang River basin

Most studies on separating the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff are mainly conducted at an annual scale with few analyses over different time scales, which is especially essential for regional water resources management. This paper investigates the impacts of climate change and human activities on runoff changes at annual, seasonal and monthly time scales in the Zhang River basin in North China. Firstly, the changing trends and inflection point are analyzed for hydro-climatic series over different time scales. Then the hydrological modeling based method and sensitivity based method are used to separate the effects. The results show that the effect of climate change is stronger than that of human activities on annual runoff changes. However, the driving factors on runoff are different at seasonal scale. In the wet season, the effect of human activities on runoff, accounting for 57 %, is stronger than that of climate change, while in the dry season climate change is the dominant factor for runoff reduction and the contribution rate is 72 %. Furthermore, the effects of climate change and human activities on monthly runoff changes are various in different months. The separated effects over different time scales in this study may provide more scientific basis for the water resources adaptive management over different time scales in this basin.