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991.
Blas L. Valero-Garcés Penélope González-Sampériz Ana Navas Javier Machín Pilar Mata Antonio Delgado-Huertas Roberto Bao Ana Moreno José S. Carrión Antje Schwalb Antonio González-Barrios 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(3):441-465
The multidisciplinary study of sediment cores from Laguna Zoñar (37°29′00′′ N, 4°41′22′′ W, 300 m a.s.l., Andalucía, Spain) provides a detailed record of environmental, climatic and anthropogenic changes in a Mediterranean watershed since Medieval times, and an opportunity to evaluate the lake restoration policies during the last decades. The paleohydrological reconstructions show fluctuating lake levels since the end of the Medieval Warm Period (ca. AD 1300) till the late 19th century and a more acute dry period during the late 19th century – early 20th century, after the end of the Little Ice Age. Human activities have played a significant role in Laguna Zoñar hydrological changes since the late 19th century, when the outlet was drained, and particularly in the mid-20th century (till 1982) when the spring waters feeding the lake were diverted for human use. Two main periods of increased human activities in the watershed are recorded in the sediments. The first started with the Christian conquest and colonization of the Guadalquivir River Valley (13th century) particularly after the fall of the Granada Kingdom (15th century). The second one corresponds to the late 19th century when more land was dedicated to olive cultivation. Intensification of soil erosion occurred in the mid-20th century, after the introduction of farm machinery. The lake was declared a protected area in the early 1980s, when some agricultural practices were restricted, and conservation measures implemented. As a consequence, the lake level increased, and some littoral zones were submerged. Pollen indicators reflect this limnological change during the last few decades. Geochemical indicators show a relative decrease in soil erosion, but not changes in the amount of chemical fertilizers reaching the lake. This study provides an opportunity to evaluate the relative significance of human vs. climatic factors in lake hydrology and watershed changes during historical times. Paleolimnological reconstructions should be taken into account by natural resources agencies to better define lake management policies, and to assess the results of restoration policies. 相似文献
992.
993.
José Augusto Costa Gonçalves Jorge Carvalho de Lena José Fernando Paiva Hermínio Arias Nalini Jr Janice Cardoso Pereira 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(4):785-793
In the city of Ouro Preto (MG), water catchment for public supply originates from superficial drainage, springs, old abandoned
mines and some driven wells. In the rocks of the region, As is originally found in gold-enriched sulphide-bearing mineral
deposits. The weathering process introduces As into the hydrological system by dissolution of this element into the leachate.
Measurement of the As content in the groundwater of some catchments was carried out during 1 year and these measurements demonstrated
high As content—up to 224 μg L−1 of As(V)—during the rainy season (the maximum concentration limit according to World Health Organization is 10 μg L−1). Lower values were observed during the dry season and in some sampling stations, As was not even detected. The As concentration
variability during 1 year shows a strict and direct relationship to seasonal and hydrological conditions. For city authorities,
responsible for public water supply, it is necessary to perform a complete inventory of the water sources used and constantly
monitor the As content in the water. 相似文献
994.
Hervé Jourde Axel Roesch Vincent Guinot Vincent Bailly-Comte 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(5):725-730
This paper describes the role of groundwater contribution to surface flow at the Causse d’Aumelas, a karst system near Montpellier
(France), which is traversed by an intermittent river, the Coulazou. A first hydrologic model integrating a digital terrain
model shows the inability of a standard rainfall-runoff model to replicate recorded flood hydrographs. While the flood peaks
are routed through the karstic system along the Coulazou without a phase lag, the peak magnitude is somewhat modified. These
results indicate an initial karst system recharge followed by a significant contribution to surface flow. A hydrodynamic analysis
of ground-water flow confirms these results: the karst system first absorbs part of the rainfall, which induces a general
water table rise within the aquifer, and then contributes to surface flow in the Coulazou. 相似文献
995.
Nemesio M. Pérez Pedro A. Hernández Eleazar Padrón Gladys Melián Rayco Marrero Germán Padilla José Barrancos Dácil Nolasco 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(12):2431-2448
Precursory geochemical signatures of radon degassing in the subsurface of the Tenerife Island were observed several months
prior to the recent 2004 seismic-volcanic crisis. These premonitory signatures were detected by means of a continuous monitoring
of 222Rn and 220Rn activity from a bubbling CO2-rich gas spot located at 2.850 m depth inside a horizontal gallery for groundwater exploitation at Tenerife. Multivariate
Regression Analysis (MRA) on time series of the radon activity was applied to eliminate the radon activity fluctuation due
to external variables such as barometric pressure, temperature and relative humidity as well as power supply. Material Failure
Forecast Method (FFM) was successfully applied to forecast the anomalous seismicity registered in Tenerife Island in 2004.
The changes in the 222Rn/220Rn ratio observed after the period of anomalous seismicity might suggest a higher gas flow rate and/or changes in the vertical
permeability induced by seismic activity. 相似文献
996.
The authors describe a simple model of an ionization-front propagating in a homogeneous expanding Nova shell. They have estimated the ejected shell mass, the shell ionization time and the Ly-c output from the remnant for several Novae, and present some correlations between these quantities and other Nova parameters. 相似文献
997.
Recent studies show that SouthEast Indian Ocean (SEIO) SSTs are a highly significant precursor of transitions of the whole monsoon-El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system during recent decades. However, the reasons for this specific interannual variability have not yet been identified unequivocally from the observations. Among these, the possibility of SEIO SST-driven variability in the monsoon-ENSO system is investigated here by inserting positive/negative SEIO temperature anomalies in the February’s restart files of a state-of-the-art coupled General Circulation Model (GCM) for 49 years of a control simulation. For each year of the control simulation, the model was then integrated for a 1-year period in fully coupled mode. These experiments show that Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and tropical Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IODM) events are significantly influenced by the SEIO temperature perturbations inserted in the mixed layer of the coupled GCM several months before. A warm SEIO perturbation, inserted in late boreal winter, slowly propagates northward during the following seasons, implies enhanced ISM rainfall and finally triggers a negative IODM pattern during boreal fall in agreement with observations. A reversed evolution is simulated for a cold SEIO perturbation. It is shown that the life cycle of the simulated SEIO signal is driven by the positive wind-evaporation-SST, coastal upwelling and wind-thermocline-SST feedbacks. Further diagnosis of the sensitivity experiments suggests that stronger ISM and IODM variabilities are generated by excluding the El Niño years of the control simulation or when the initial background state in the SEIO is warmer. This finding confirms that IODM events may be triggered by multiple factors, other than ENSO, including subtropical SEIO SST anomalies. However, the ENSO mode does not react significantly to the SEIO temperature perturbation in the perturbed runs even though the simulated Pacific pattern agrees with the observations during boreal fall. These discrepancies with the observations may be linked to model biases in the Pacific and to the too strong ENSO simulated by this coupled GCM. These modeling evidences confirm that subtropical Indian Ocean SST anomalies generated by Mascarene high pulses during austral summer are a significant precursor of both ISM and IODM events occuring several months later. 相似文献
998.
Impact of a sea breeze on the boundary-layer dynamics and the atmospheric stratification in a coastal area of the North Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Charles Talbot Patrick Augustin Céline Leroy Véronique Willart Hervé Delbarre Georgui Khomenko 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,125(1):133-154
In-situ sodar and lidar measurements were coupled with numerical simulations for studying a sea-breeze event in a flat coastal
area of the North Sea. The study’s aims included the recognition of the dynamics of a sea-breeze structure, and its effects
on the lower troposphere stratification and the three-dimensional (3D) pollutant distribution. A sea breeze was observed with
ground-based remote sensing instruments and analysed by means of numerical simulations using the 3D non-hydrostatic atmospheric
model Meso-NH. The vertical structure of the lower troposphere was experimentally determined from the lidar and sodar measurements,
while numerical simulations focused on the propagation of the sea breeze inland. The sea-breeze front, the headwind, the thermal
internal boundary layer, the gravity current and the sea-breeze circulation were observed and analysed. The development of
a late stratification was also observed by the lidar and simulated by the model, suggesting the formation of a stable multilayered
structure. The transport of passive tracers inside the sea breeze and their redistribution above the gravity current was simulated
too. Numerical modelling showed that local pollutants may travel backward to the sea above the gravity current at relatively
low speed due to the shearing between the landward gravity current and the seaward synoptic wind. Such dynamic conditions
may enhance an accumulation of pollutants above coastal industrial areas. 相似文献
999.