利用PALSAR数据反演2010年玉树地震断层的同震滑动分布

为深入了解2010年玉树地震引起的地表位移及发震断层的细节情况,对玉树地震震前、震后的PALSAR数据进行干涉处理,并针对轨道不精确引起的相位残差问题,采用最小二乘多项式模型拟合的方法对其进行去除,得到玉树地震地表的同震形变场.结果显示,形变最大地区发生在33.06°N、96.83°E附近,雷达视线方向形变最大值为-0.442 m.通过地质调查结果及合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)形变场的分析,对断层进行分段,基于弹性半空间位错模型对分段后的断层进行了同震滑动分布反演,并对反演结果的可靠性进行分析.结果表明,断层的最大位移为2.084 m,位于隆宝滩地表以下14 km处,反演结果对应的矩震级为Mw7.0,与地震学和地质调查的情况较吻合,且反演的结果较可靠.     

Comparative study on two methods for calculating the gravitational potential of a prism

The determination of the gravitational potential of a prism plays an important role in physical geodesy and geophysics. However, there are few literatures that provide accurate approaches for determining the gravitational potential of a prism. Discrete element method can be used to determine the gravitational potential of a prism, and can approximate the true gravitational potential values with sufficient accuracy (the smaller each element is, the more accurate the result is). Although Nagy’s approach provided a closed expression, one does not know whether it is valid, due to the fact that this approach has not been confirmed in literatures. In this paper, a study on the comparison of Nagy’s approach with discrete element method is presented. The results show that Nagy’s formulas for determining the gravitational potential of a prism are valid in the domain both inside and outside the prism.     

江苏省国土资源省-市-县三级联动政务管理系统总体框架设计

本文在回顾全省国土资源电子政务建设历程、分析当前信息化不足和面临形势的基础上,立足全省,设计了省-市-县三级联动政务管理系统框架,提出了三种全省系统应用模式并进行优劣分析,基于SOA设计了三级政务协同平台结构。     

含富锂(钾)卤水断陷盆地的深部构造特征: 以中国华南吉泰盆地为例

中国华南吉泰盆地在白垩纪?古近纪发育大量蒸发岩,其中含富锂卤水矿床,由于盆地深部构造特征认识不清,导致富锂卤水矿勘查评价明显滞后.基于盆地东北部泰和坳陷二维地震数据和钻孔资料,经过精细保幅处理和综合构造解释,总结了含富锂卤水矿断陷盆地的深部构造特征.地震剖面和构造属性表明,盆地深部发育错断白垩系的NE-SW走向、NW倾...     

长江三角洲地区人体舒适度时空变化特征北大核心CSCD

基于1981~2020年ERA5逐小时再分析资料,采用通用热气候指数(Universal Thermal Climate Index,UTCI)计算方法,分析了气候变化背景下长江三角洲地区人体生理热响时空变化特征。研究表明:近40年长江三角洲地区人体无冷热胁迫气候条件的出现频率约为43.77%、热胁迫和冷胁迫出现频率分别约为22.42%和33.81%,其中,显著热胁迫和显著冷胁迫出现频率分别约为8.38%和1.58%;在空间分布上,长江三角洲地区无冷热胁迫气候条件的出现频率总体表现为南多北少地带性分布,兼有山区多平原少、沿海多内陆少分布特征,显著热胁迫主要出现在皖西和皖南的平原以及浙江的嘉绍平原和金衢盆地,显著冷胁迫主要出现在苏北、皖北和舟山以北的沿海岸区;在全球气候变暖背景下,长江三角洲地区UTCI值的年代际变化呈上升趋势,由1981~1990年13.83℃增加至2011~2020年14.75℃,人体生理热响应表征为冷胁迫减少、热胁迫增加、无冷热胁迫基本不变,春季无冷热胁迫时长的增加基本抵消了夏季无冷热胁迫时长的减少。     

沿淮地区秋季连阴雨综合指数构建及其变化特征

基于安徽省沿淮地区10个国家气象站1960-2019年观测资料、灾情资料和7种地方连阴雨监测指标,在评估7种地方指标适用性的基础上,采用加权综合指数法和线性趋势法,构建了沿淮地区秋季连阴雨综合指数,分析了时空变化特征。结果表明:江苏指标对沿淮地区连阴雨监测的适用性最好,连阴雨综合指数由连阴雨总日数、连阴雨总降水量线性组成,权重分别为0.8和0.2。按照综合指数,将连阴雨强度分成重度、中度、轻度3级,分级结果与灾情实况较吻合,重度连阴雨和中度连阴雨TS评分分别为100%、88.9%。秋季连阴雨在20世纪70年代到80年代前期及近10年发生频率高、强度大,尤其是2016年和2017年的连阴雨,强度居历史前2位。沿淮地区连阴雨年数东部和西部的多于中部的,重度连阴雨阜南的最多,五河的最少。     

川贵渝复杂地形下横槽诱发双涡贵州暴雨过程的数值模拟

青藏高原大地形作用下,西南复杂地形区暴雨天气预报是一个十分重要和困难的科学问题。应用西南区域数值预报业务模式,结合业务常规观测和非常规观测资料,分析了2014年7月15日至17日发生在四川、贵州和重庆复杂地形下的一次由横槽诱发双低涡的贵州暴雨过程,得到:西南区域模式对这次暴雨过程的数值模拟结果与再分析资料有较好的对应关系,尤其是重现了降雨的落区、强度以及盆地涡与贵州涡的发生、发展过程。在暴雨过程中,两低涡垂直发展深厚,上升运动均伸展至对流层顶。涡度收支方面,盆地涡的发展主要源于涡度方程的散度项,而贵州涡的发展除了受散度项的显著影响外,平流项也起着重要作用。由于川渝盆地—云贵高原交界处地形、云贵高原横断山脉延伸区局地地形的作用,区域大气气旋式旋转的加强发展诱发了盆地涡和贵州涡。热力结构上,盆地涡的发生、发展在冷、暖气流交汇辐合区域内,而贵州涡则生成在暖区中,其降雨及加强更多地受到动力过程的影响。川渝盆地—云贵高原特殊的北低南高地形使高纬度干冷气流与低纬度暖湿气流交汇,形成强的上升运动,引发了盆地涡发展及其暴雨天气。云贵高原贵州特殊的西高东低地形导致来自低层的暖湿气流只能沿横断山脉边缘绕流,进入贵州西部的偏南气流与来自盆地涡西侧的偏东北气流汇合作用形成贵州涡,引发贵州暴雨天气。因此,局地地形与环流的相互作用是贵州涡生成及其引发暴雨过程的重要原因。      

Applicability and improvement of different evapotranspiration methods of reference crops in Jiangxi Province

To achieve accurate evaluation of evapotranspiration of reference crops (ET0) in Jiangxi, China, in the absence of systematic climatological data, with reference to the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith (P-M) equation, the Priestley-Taylor (P–T) method, the Makkink method, the Hargreaves-Samani (H–S) method, the Irmak-Allen (I-A) method, the Penman1948 (48PM) method, the Penman-Van Bavel (PVB) method, the Baier-Robertson (B-R) method, the improved Baier-Robertson (M-B-R) method, the Schendel (Sch) method, the Turc method, the Jensen-Haise (J-H) method, and the Brutsaert-Stricker (B-S) method were used to evaluate the daily climatological data collected by 26 weather stations in Jiangxi, China, and 17 weather stations in adjacent provinces. The results were compared with each other and parameter rate determination was conducted. The results indicated that the Turc method exhibited optimized applicability before parameter rate determination and the average root mean square error (R_MSE) and the average normalized root mean square error (N_RMSE) by this method were 0.39 mm/d and 0.157 mm, respectively. However, parameter rate determination led to negligible improvement in accuracy for this method. The Turc method could be directly applied in Jiangxi (except Nanchang). For special distribution of error after parameter rate determination, all methods exhibited significant errors in Northern Jiangxi. Herein, the 48PM method and the B-S method showed good applicability after parameter rate determination and R_MSE and N_RMSE of data by these methods ranged in 0.06 ~ 0.34 mm/d and 0.08 ~ 0.27, 8 ~ 27%, respectively, and their d-indices were close to 1. The annual over-estimations in weather stations in Jiangxi were below 30 mm. In the absence of data about relative humidity and wind speed, the P–T method was an appropriate simplified method for Jiangxi. In this case, α was slightly lower than the default value (1.05 ~ 1.18), R_MSE was within 0.21 ~ 0.66 mm/d, and N_RMSE was within 0.08 ~ 0.308 ~ 30%. Accuracy of R_MSE, d-index, and N_RMSE of data by the P–T method, the I-A method, and the PVB method was consistent with all stations, while that by the Mak method was slightly lower, which could be attributed to severe over-estimation in July and August. R_MSE of the H–S method, the B-R method, the M-B-R method, the J-H method, and the Sch method were above 0.75 mm/d and these methods were not suitable for accurate evaluation of ET0 in Jiangxi, China. The annual ET0 was calculated by various methods (except the 48PM method and the B-S method) exhibited significant variation around 2003. This may be attributed to significant changes in certain meteorological factors over recent years.

     

The asymmetric impacts of ENSO modoki on boreal winter climate over the Pacific and its rim

Climate Dynamics - The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Modoki phenomenon has a substantial influence on regional climate. In this study, the results derived from observational and...     

Quantifying the energetic feedbacks in ENSO

Climate Dynamics - Energetic feedbacks play important roles during the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Here we conduct a thorough analysis of the radiative and non-radiative vertical...